View source for Qawi Näcmi

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = {{Nowrap|Qawi Näcmi}}<br/>{{Nobold|{{Small|{{lang|tt|Кави Нәҗми}}<br/>{{lang|ru|Кави Наджми|italics=no}}}}}}
| image              = Kavi Nadzhmi.jpg
| birth_name         = Ğabdelqawi Hibät ulı Näcmetdinov (Габделкави Һибәт улы Нәҗметдинов)
| birth_date         = 15. December 1901
| birth_place        = [[Simbirsk Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]]
| death_date         = 24. March 1957
| death_place        = [[Kazan]], [[Tatar ASSR]], [[Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]]
| relatives          = [[Rashid Nezhmetdinov]] (brother)
}}
'''Qawi Näcmi''' ({{langx|tt-Cyrl|Кави Нәҗми, Габделкави Нәҗметдинов}}, {{lang|tt-Latn|Ğabdelqawi Näcmetdinov}}, {{lang|tt-Arab|عبدالقوى نجمالدينوف, قوى نجمى}}, {{Langx|ru|Кави Наджми / Габдулкави Гибятович Нежметдинов|translit=Kavi Nadzhmi / Gabdulkavi Gibyatovich Nezhmetdinov}}; 1901–1957) was a Soviet-Tatar poet, novelist, translator, and journalist. From his work ''Yazğı cillär'' (“Spring Winds”), Näcmi received the [[USSR State Prize|Stalin Prize]] in 1951. The novel was recognized as "a great achievement of multinational Soviet literature and translated into 26 languages of the Soviet people".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Наджми Кави |url=https://tatarica.org/ru/razdely/kultura/literatura/personalii/nadzhmi-kavi}}</ref>
== Biography ==
Qawi Näcmi (Näcmetdinov) was born on {{OldStyleDate|December 15|1901|December 2}}, in the village of Qızıl Ataw ({{ill|Krasny Ostrov (Nizhny Novgorod)|tt|Кызыл Атау|lt=Krasny Ostrov}}) in a [[muezzin]]'s family. From 1910 he lived in [[Aktobe|Aktyubinsk]], where his parents moved; he worked as a laborer on a farm (1913–1915), then as a packer at a soap factory (1916–1917). Here in 1917 he graduated from the Russian-Tatar school.
In 1917–1919, he worked as a teacher in his native village. In 1919–1939, Qawi Näcmi was a [[Red Army]] soldier, cadet, teacher, commissar of a military school and executive editor of the ''{{ill|Qızılarmeets|tt|Кызылармеец}}'' ({{lang|tt|Кызылармеец}}), the district Red Army newspaper. In 1933–1934 was the chief editor of ''{{ill|Sovyet ädäbiyätı|tt|«Совет әдәбияты» журналы}}'' ({{lang|tt|Совет әдәбияты}}) magazine.
At the First All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers in 1934, Näcmi was elected a member of the board of the [[Union of Soviet Writers]]. In 1934–1937, he was the first chairman of the board of the Union of Writers of [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]]. Since 1937 he was a professional writer.
Removed from all positions and [[Great Purge|arrested in 1937]] on charges of "preparing a military counter-revolutionary rebellion". Sentenced to 10 years in prison, but in 1939 the case was dismissed for lack of evidence, and Näcmi was released.
In 1942–1945 worked as head of the agitation and propaganda department of the Tatar Republican Committee for Radio and Broadcasting under the Council of People's Commissars of the TASSR, and in 1947–1949 in the editorial office of ''Sovyet ädäbiyätı'' magazine.
Qawi Näcmi died on March 24, 1957, in Kazan. He was buried at Kazan's {{ill|Novosibirsk Cemetery (Kazan)|tt|Яңа бистә зираты (Казан)|lt=Novosibirsk Cemetery}} next to [[Salix Säydäş]] and Qayum Nasıyri.
== Works ==
Collections of poems: ''Öyermälär'' ({{lang|tt|Өермәләр}}, ''Whirlwinds'', 1925), ''Atakağa'' ({{lang|tt|Атакага}}, ''To the Attack'', 1942), novels: ''Şobağa'' ({{lang|tt|Шобага}}, ''Lot'', 1926), ''Yar buyındağı uçaqlar'' ({{lang|tt|Яр буендагы учаклар}}, ''Coastal Fires'', 1929, both about the Civil War in Russia), ''Yaqtı suqmaq'' ({{lang|tt|Якты сукмак}}, ''Bright Path'', 1926), about collectivization), the historical-revolutionary novel ''Yazğı cillär'' ({{lang|tt|Язгы җилләр}}, ''Spring Winds'', 1950; for the last one he was awarded [[USSR State Prize|Stalin Prize]] in 1951).<ref>{{Cite web |title=24 марта |url=https://history-kazan.ru/novaya-zhizn-staroj-kazani/54-calendar/14807-24-marta |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=history-kazan.ru |language=ru-ru}}</ref>
Translated into Tatar works of [[Alexander Pushkin]], [[Mikhail Lermontov]], [[Alexander Blok]], [[Samuil Marshak]], [[Ivan Franko]] and others; also translated [[Musa Cälil|Musa Сälil's]] ''[[Musa Cälil|Moabit Notebooks]]'' into Russian.
Näcmi's complete works in 4 volumes were published in 1981–1984.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Әдһәмова Сәрвәр Сабир кызы |url=https://tatarica.org/tat/razdely/kultura/literatura/personalii/adgamova-sarvar-sabirovna |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=tatarica.org |language=ru}}</ref>
== Family and relatives ==
Qäwi Näcmi was married to {{ill|Särwär Ädhämeva|tt|Сәрвәр Әдһәмова}}, also a writer and translator. Their son, {{ill|Tansıq Näcmetdinef|tt|Тансык Нәҗметдинев|lt=Tansıq}}, was a university professor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Нәҗметдинов Тансык Кави улы |url=https://tatarica.org/tat/razdely/nauka/personalii/nezhmetdinov-tansyk-kavievich |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=tatarica.org |language=tt}}</ref> Näcmi's brother Räşit was a renowned chess player, better known as [[International master|IM]] [[Rashid Nezhmetdinov]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=РАШИД НЕЖМЕТДИНОВ |url=https://ruchess.ru:443/persons_of_day/nezhmetdinov/ |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=Федерация шахмат России |language=ru}}</ref>
His uncle, {{ill|Ğabdulla Näcmetdinef|tt|Габдулла Нәҗметдинев|lt=Ğabdulla}}, was an [[imam]] and [[State Duma (Russian Empire)|State Duma]] deputy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Фәйзрахманов |first=Әгъзам |date=2021-04-21 |title=Нижгарлар да – безнеке |url=http://madanizhomga.ru/news/asylybyzga-kaytyp-baryshlyy/nizhgarlar-da-bezneke |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=Мәдәни җомга |language=tt-TT}}</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
*{{TES|Кави Нәҗми}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Näcmi, Qäwi}}
[[Category:1901 births]]
[[Category:1957 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century pseudonymous writers]]
[[Category:People from Nizhny Novgorod Governorate]]
[[Category:Communist Party of the Soviet Union members]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Stalin Prize]]
[[Category:Pseudonymous writers]]
[[Category:Socialist realism writers]]
[[Category:Soviet journalists]]
[[Category:Soviet male poets]]
[[Category:Soviet translators]]
[[Category:Tatar journalists]]
[[Category:Tatar poets]]
[[Category:Translators to Tatar]]
[[Category:Muslims from the Russian Empire]]