View source for Qiang (spear)

{{short description|Chinese term for spear}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2022}}
{{Italic title|reason=[[:Category:Chinese words and phrases]]}}
{{Chinese
| pic = Chinese pirate spear hmsL4.jpg
| t = 槍
| s = 枪
| kanji = 槍
| p = chēng, qiāng
| w = ch'eng1, ch'iang1
| j = coeng1
| kana = やり
| romaji = [[yari]]
| hangul = 창
| hanja = 槍
| rr = chang,chaeng
| mr = ch'ang, chaeng
| qn = thương
| chuhan = 槍
}}
'''''Qiang''''' (pronunciation: {{IPAc-cmn|q|iang|1}}, English approximation: {{IPAc-en|tʃ|j|ɑː|ŋ}} {{respell|chyahng}}, {{zh|t=槍|s=枪|p=qiāng|j=coeng1}}) is the [[Mandarin Chinese|Chinese]] term for [[spear]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XSLRCQAAQBAJ&dq=Qiang+(spear)&pg=PA230|isbn = 9781329119420|title = Inside Kungfu: Chinese Martial Arts Encyclopedia|date = 6 May 2015|publisher = Lulu.com}}</ref> Due to its relative ease of manufacture, the spear in many variations was ubiquitous on the pre-modern Chinese battlefield. It is known as one of the four major weapons, along with the ''[[gun (staff)|gun]]'' (staff), ''[[Dao (Chinese sword)|dao]]'' (sabre), and the ''[[jian]]'' (straight sword), called in this group "'''The King of Weapons'''".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=edIDAAAAMBAJ&dq=the+king+of+weapons+chinese&pg=PA58|title = Black Belt|date = January 1981}}</ref>
[[Image:10th all china games Qiang 928.jpg|thumb|Qiang event at the [[Wushu (sport)|10th All China Games]]]]
Common features of the Chinese spear are the leaf-shaped blade and red horse-hair tassel lashed just below. The tassel shows elite troop status. It also serves a tactical purpose. When the spear is moving quickly, the addition of the tassel aids in blurring the vision of the opponent so that it is more difficult for them to grab the shaft of spear behind the head or tip. The tassel also served another purpose, to stop the flow of blood from the blade getting to the wooden shaft (the blood would make it slippery, or sticky when dried).
[[File:武備志槍九色.png|thumb|200px|Nine kinds of spears popular in the Song dynasty]]
The length varied from around {{convert|2.5|m|abbr=on}} long, up to {{convert|6|m|abbr=on}} in length. According to general [[Qi Jiguang]], the [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] military categorized spears above {{convert|2.5|m|abbr=on}} as short spears, {{convert|4|m|abbr=on}} as long spears, and spears below {{convert|2.5|m|abbr=on}} as spiked staffs, which were used more for hitting than stabbing. Spears used in war were typically made of hardwood.
Martial arts (wushu) spears are typically made of [[wax wood]], a lighter and more flexible wood better suited for performance; these are called flower spears.
[[File:六種明代實用槍.png|thumb|400px|Six kinds of spears popular in the Ming dynasty]]
Many [[Chinese martial arts]] feature spear training in their curriculum. The conditioning provided by the spear technique is seen as invaluable and in many styles, it is the first weapons training introduced to students. Moreover, some schools of empty-handed fighting in China credit the spear technique as their foundation, notably [[Xingyiquan]] and [[Bajiquan]].
==See also==
*[[Spear of Fuchai]]
*[[Guandao]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
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{{Chinese weapons}}
{{Pole weapons}}
{{Wushu (sport)}}
[[Category:Chinese polearms]]
[[Category:Spears]]
[[Category:Events in wushu]]
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[[ja:槍]]