View source for Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone

{{Short description|British judge and politician (1907–2001)}}
{{More footnotes|date=January 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix  = [[The Right Honourable]]
|name              = The Lord Hailsham of St&nbsp;Marylebone
|honorific-suffix  = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|KG|CH|PC|FRS|size=100%}}
|image             = Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham Allan Warren.jpg
|alt               = Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham, in 1990
|caption           = Hailsham in 1990
|office            = [[Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain]]
|monarch           = [[Elizabeth II]]
|primeminister     = [[Edward Heath]]
|term_start        = 20 June 1970
|term_end          = 4 March 1974
|predecessor       = [[Gerald Gardiner, Baron Gardiner|The Lord Gardiner]]
|successor         = [[Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones|The Lord Elwyn-Jones]]
|monarch1          = Elizabeth II
|primeminister1    = [[Margaret Thatcher]]
|term_start1       = 4 May 1979
|term_end1         = 13 June 1987
|predecessor1      = The Lord Elwyn-Jones
|successor1        = [[Michael Havers, Baron Havers|The Lord Havers]]
|office2           = [[Shadow Home Secretary]]
|leader2           = [[Edward Heath]]
|term_start2       = 13 April 1966
|term_end2         = 20 June 1970
|predecessor2      = [[Peter Thorneycroft]]
|successor2        = [[James Callaghan]]
|office3           = [[Secretary of State for Education and Science]]
|primeminister3    = [[Sir Alec Douglas-Home]]
|term_start3       = 1 April 1964
|term_end3         = 16 October 1964
|predecessor3      = [[Edward Boyle, Baron Boyle of Handsworth|Sir Edward Boyle]] {{small|(Minister for Education)}}
|successor3        = [[Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham|Michael Stewart]]
|primeminister4    = [[Harold Macmillan]]
|term_start4       = 14 January 1957
|term_end4         = 17 September 1957<br>{{small|Minister for Education}}
|predecessor4      = [[Sir David Eccles]]
|successor4        = [[Geoffrey Lloyd, Baron Geoffrey-Lloyd|Geoffrey Lloyd]]
|office5           = [[Lord President of the Council]]
|primeminister5    = [[Harold Macmillan]]<br>[[Sir Alec Douglas-Home]]
|term_start5       = 27 July 1960
|term_end5         = 16 October 1964
|predecessor5      = [[Alec Douglas-Home|The Earl of Home]]
|successor5        = [[Herbert Bowden]]
|primeminister6    = [[Harold Macmillan]]
|term_start6       = 17 September 1957
|term_end6         = 14 October 1959
|predecessor6      = [[Alec Douglas-Home|The Earl of Home]]
|successor6        = [[Alec Douglas-Home|The Earl of Home]]
|office7           = [[Leader of the House of Lords]]
|primeminister7    = [[Harold Macmillan]]
|term_start7       = 27 July 1960
|term_end7         = 20 October 1963
|predecessor7      = [[Alec Douglas-Home|The Earl of Home]]
|successor7        = [[The Lord Carrington]]
|office8           = [[Chairman of the Conservative Party]]
|leader8           = [[Harold Macmillan]]
|term_start8       = 18 September 1957
|term_end8         = 14 October 1959
|predecessor8      = [[Oliver Poole, 1st Baron Poole|The Lord Poole]]
|successor8        = [[Rab Butler]]
|office9           = [[Lord Privy Seal|Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal]]
|primeminister9    = [[Harold Macmillan]]
|term_start9       = 14 October 1959
|term_end9         = 27 July 1960
|predecessor9      = [[Rab Butler]]
|successor9        = [[Edward Heath]]
|office10          = [[First Lord of the Admiralty]]
|primeminister10   = [[Anthony Eden]]
|term_start10      = 19 October 1956
|term_end10        = 14 January 1957
|predecessor10     = [[James Thomas, 1st Viscount Cilcennin|The Viscount Cilcennin]]
|successor10       = [[George Douglas-Hamilton, 10th Earl of Selkirk|The Earl of Selkirk]]
| office11         = [[Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Air]]
| primeminister11  = [[Winston Churchill]]
| term_start11     = 12 April 1945
| term_end11       = 4 August 1945
| alongside11      = [[Hugh Seely, 1st Baron Sherwood|The Lord Sherwood]] and [[David Beatty, 2nd Earl Beatty|The Earl Beatty]]
| predecessor11    = [[Hugh Seely, 1st Baron Sherwood|The Lord Sherwood]]
| successor11      = [[John Strachey (politician)|John Strachey]]
{{collapsed infobox section begin |last=yes |Parliamentary offices
|titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes
|office12          = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]]<br/>for [[St Marylebone (UK Parliament constituency)|St Marylebone]]
|term_start12      = 5 December 1963
|term_end12        = 30 June 1970
|predecessor12     = [[Wavell Wakefield]]
|successor12       = [[Kenneth Baker, Baron Baker of Dorking|Kenneth Baker]]
|office13          = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]]<br/>for [[Oxford (UK Parliament constituency)|Oxford]]
|term_start13      = 27 October 1938
|term_end13        = 16 August 1950
|predecessor13     = [[Robert Bourne (politician)|Robert Bourne]]
|successor13       = [[Lawrence Turner]]
| office14         = [[Member of the House of Lords]]
| status14         = [[Lord Temporal]]
| term_label14     = as a hereditary peer
| term_start14     = 16 August 1950
| term_end14       = 20 November 1963 <ref>[[Peerage Act 1963|Disclaimed under Peerage Act 1963]]</ref>
| predecessor14    = [[Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham|The 1st Viscount Hailsham]]
| successor14      = [[House of Lords Act 1999|Seat abolished]]
| term_label15     = as a [[life peer]]
| term_start15     = 30 June 1970
| term_end15       = 12 October 2001
{{Collapsed infobox section end}}
}}
| birth_name        = Quintin McGarel Hogg
| birth_date        = {{birth date|1907|10|9|df=y}}
| birth_place       = London, England
| death_date        = {{death date and age|2001|10|12|1907|10|9|df=y}}
| death_place       = London, England
| resting_place     = All Saints, [[Herstmonceux]], Sussex
| father            = [[Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham|The 1st Viscount Hailsham]]
| party             = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]
| spouse            = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Natalie Sullivan|1932|1943|end = divorced}}<br>{{marriage|Mary Martin|1944|1978|end = died}}
* {{marriage|Deirdre Shannon|1986|1998|end = died}}
}}
| children          = 5, including [[Douglas Hogg]] & [[Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire|Dame]] [[Mary Hogg|Mary Claire Hogg]]
| education         = [[Sunningdale School]]<br>[[Eton College]]
| alma_mater        = [[Christ Church, Oxford]]
}}
'''Quintin McGarel Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KG|CH|PC|FRS}}<ref name=frs>{{Cite journal|last1=Lewis|first1=G.|doi=10.1098/rsbm.2002.0012|title=Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone. 9 October 1907 – 12 October 2001|journal=[[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]]|volume=48|page=221|year=2002|doi-access=free}}</ref> (9 October 1907 – 12 October 2001), known as '''the 2nd Viscount Hailsham''' between 1950 and 1963, at which point he disclaimed his hereditary peerage, was a British barrister and [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] politician.
Like his father, Hailsham was considered to be a contender for the leadership of the Conservative Party. He was a contender to succeed [[Harold Macmillan]] as prime minister in 1963, renouncing his hereditary peerage to do so, but was passed over in favour of [[Sir Alec Douglas-Home]]. He was created a life peer in 1970 and served as [[Lord Chancellor]], the office formerly held by his father, in 1970–74 and 1979–87.
==Background==
Born in [[Bayswater]], London, Hogg was the son of [[Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham|the 1st Viscount Hailsham]], who was [[Lord Chancellor]] under [[Stanley Baldwin]], and grandson of [[Quintin Hogg (merchant)|Quintin Hogg]], a merchant, philanthropist and [[educational reform]]er, and an American mother; Hogg's great-grandfather was [[Sir James Hogg, 1st Baronet]], a businessman and politician from [[Ulster]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite ODNB |first=S. M. |last=Cretney |title=Hogg, Quintin McGarel, second Viscount Hailsham and Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone |id=76372|date = 2005}}</ref><ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/Gm35tFTtsuc Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160926053154/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gm35tFTtsuc Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gm35tFTtsuc|title = President Reagan's Address to British Parliament, June 8, 1982|website = [[YouTube]]| date=16 May 2016 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> The middle name McGarel comes from [[Charles McGarel]], an [[Ulster|Ulsterman]] who had large holdings of slaves, and  who financially sponsored Quintin Hogg's grandfather, also called Quintin Hogg, who was McGarel's brother-in-law.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/person/view/6914|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615101719/https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/person/view/6914|archive-date=15 June 2020|title=Summary of Individual &#124; Legacies of British Slave-ownership}}</ref>
Hogg was educated at [[Sunningdale School]] and then [[Eton College]], where he was a [[King's Scholar]] and won the [[Newcastle Scholarship]] in 1925. He entered [[Christ Church, Oxford]] as a Scholar and he was President of the [[Oxford University Conservative Association]] and of the [[Oxford Union]]. He took [[British undergraduate degree classification|Firsts]] in [[Honour Moderations|Honours Moderations]] in 1928 and in ''[[Literae Humaniores]]'' in 1930. He was elected to a Prize Fellowship in Law at [[All Souls College, Oxford]], in 1931.<ref name=":0"/> He was [[called to the bar]] by [[Lincoln's Inn]] in 1932.<ref name = ":0"/>
Hogg spoke in opposition to the motion "That this House will in no circumstances fight for its King and Country" in the [[The King and Country debate|1933 King and Country debate]] at the Oxford Union.<ref name = ":0"/>
== Politics and Second World War ==
Hogg participated in his first election campaign in the [[1924 United Kingdom general election|1924 general election]], and all subsequent general election campaigns until his death. In 1938, Hogg was chosen as a candidate for Parliament in the [[1938 Oxford by-election|Oxford by-election]].<ref name = ":0"/> This election took place shortly after the [[Munich Agreement]] and the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] candidate [[Patrick Gordon Walker]] was persuaded to step down to allow a unified challenge to the Conservatives; [[A. D. Lindsay]], the Master of [[Balliol College]] fought as an 'Independent Progressive' candidate. Hogg narrowly defeated Lindsay, who was said to be horrified by the popular slogan of "Hitler wants Hogg".
Hogg voted against [[Neville Chamberlain]] in the [[Norway Debate]] of May 1940, and supported [[Winston Churchill]].<ref name = ":0"/> He served briefly in the desert campaign as a platoon commander with the [[Rifle Brigade]] during the [[Second World War]]. His commanding officer had been his contemporary at Eton; after him and the second-in-command, Hogg was the third-oldest officer in the battalion. After a knee wound in August 1941, which almost cost him his right leg, Hogg was deemed too old for further front-line service, and later served on the staff of [[Henry Maitland Wilson, 1st Baron Wilson|General "Jumbo" Wilson]] before leaving the army with the rank of major. In the run-up to the 1945 election, Hogg wrote a response to the book ''[[Guilty Men]]'', called ''[[The Left Was Never Right]]''.<ref name = ":0"/>
==Conservative minister==
Hogg's father died in 1950 and Hogg entered the [[House of Lords]], succeeding his father as the second [[Viscount Hailsham]]. Believing his political career to be over he concentrated on his career at the bar for some years, [[taking silk]] in 1953<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=39827 |date=17 April 1953 |page=2119 }}</ref> and becoming head of his [[barristers' chambers]] in 1955, succeeding to [[Kenneth Diplock]].<ref name=":0" /> When the Conservatives returned to power under Churchill in 1951, he refused to be considered for office. In 1956, he refused appointment as [[Postmaster General of the United Kingdom|Postmaster-General]] under [[Anthony Eden]] on financial grounds, only to accept appointment as [[First Lord of the Admiralty]] six weeks later.<ref name=":0" /> His appointment, however, had to be delayed because of the [[Crabb affair]].
As First Lord, Hailsham was briefed about Eden's plans to use military force against Egypt, which he thought were 'madness'. Nevertheless, once [[Operation Musketeer (1956)|Operation Musketeer]] had been launched, he thought that Britain could not retreat until the [[Suez Canal]] had been captured. When, in the middle of the operation, [[Lord Mountbatten]] threatened to resign as [[First Sea Lord]] in protest, Hailsham ordered him in writing to stay on duty: he believed that Mountbatten was entitled to be protected by his minister, and that he was bound to resign if the honour of the Navy was impaired by the conduct of the operation.<ref name = ":0"/> Hailsham remained critical of the actions of the then [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]], [[Harold Macmillan]], during the crisis, believing that he had suffered from a failure of nerve.
Hailsham became [[Secretary of State for Education|Minister of Education]] in 1957 under Macmillan, holding the office for eight months, before accepting appointment as [[Lord President of the Council]] and [[Chairman of the Conservative Party]] in September 1957.<ref name=":0" /> During his term as Party Chairman, the Conservative Party won a notable victory in the [[1959 United Kingdom general election|1959 general election]], which it had been predicted to lose. Nevertheless, shortly after the election, Hailsham was sidelined, and was made Minister for Science and Technology, serving in that post until 1964. His tenure as Science Minister was successful, and he was later elected to the [[Royal Society]] under Statute 12 in 1973.<ref name=":0" />
Concurrently, Hailsham was [[Lord Privy Seal]] between 1959 and 1960, Lord President of the Council between 1960 and 1964, and [[Leader of the House of Lords]] between 1960 and 1963, having been Deputy Leader between 1957 and 1960. He was also given a number of special assignments by Macmillan, becoming Minister with special responsibility for Sport from 1962 to 1964, for unemployment in the North-East between 1963 and 1964 and for higher education between 1963 and 1964. Hailsham, who had little interest in sports, thought little of his appointment as ''de facto'' Sports minister, later writing that "[t]he idea of a Minister for Sport has always appalled me. It savours of dictatorship and the nastiest kind of populist or Fascist dictatorship at that."
In June 1963 when his fellow Minister [[John Profumo]] had to resign after admitting lying to Parliament about his private life, Hailsham attacked him savagely on television. The Labour MP [[Reginald Paget]] called this "a virtuoso performance of the art of kicking a friend in the guts". He added, "When self-indulgence has reduced a man to the shape of Lord Hailsham, sexual continence involves no more than a sense of the ridiculous".<ref>{{cite book|last=Parris|first=Matthew|title=Great Parliamentary Scandals: Five Centuries of Calumny, Smear and Innuendo|year=2004|publisher=Robson|page=[https://archive.org/details/greatparliamenta0000parr/page/175 175]|url=https://archive.org/details/greatparliamenta0000parr|url-access=registration|quote=Hailsham sexual continence requires no more than a sense of the ridiculous.|author2=Kevin MacGuire|isbn=9781861057365}}</ref>
In 15 July, he and [[Averell Harriman]] arrived in Moscow on [[Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty|nuclear test-ban]] negotiations.<ref name="mfv3">{{cite book |last1=MacFarquhar |first1=Roderick |title=The Origins of the Cultural Revolution- 3. The Coming of the Cataclysm 1961–1966 |date=1997 |pages=358}}</ref>
=== Disclaimer of peerage and Conservative Party leadership bid ===
Hailsham was [[Leader of the House of Lords]] when [[Harold Macmillan]] announced his sudden resignation from the premiership for health reasons at the start of the 1963 Conservative Party conference. At that time there was no formal ballot for the Conservative Party leadership.<ref name="nightmare">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4245578.stm|title=Return to conference nightmare?|last=Stone-Lee|first=Ollie|date=2 October 2005|work=[[BBC News Online]]|access-date=2 September 2012|archive-date=15 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215133413/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4245578.stm|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Hailsham, who was at first Macmillan's preferred successor, announced that he would use the newly enacted [[Peerage Act 1963]] to disclaim his title and fight a by-election and return to the House of Commons. His publicity-seeking antics at the Party Conference—such as feeding his baby daughter in public,<ref name = ":0"/> and allowing his supporters to distribute "Q" (for Quintin) badges—were considered vulgar at the time, so Macmillan did not encourage senior party members to choose him as his successor. {{Citation needed|date=February 2010}}
Eventually, on the advice of Macmillan, The Queen chose [[Sir Alec Douglas-Home]] to succeed Macmillan as prime minister. Hailsham nevertheless renounced his peerage on 20 November 1963, becoming again '''Quintin Hogg'''. He stood and was elected as MP for [[St Marylebone (UK Parliament constituency)|St Marylebone]], his father's old constituency, in the [[1963 St Marylebone by-election]].<ref name = ":0"/>
Hogg as a campaigner was known for his robust rhetoric and theatrical gestures. He was usually in good form in dealing with hecklers, a valuable skill in the 1960s, and was prominent in the 1964 general election. One evening when giving a political address, he was hailed by his supporters as he leaned over the lectern pointing at a long-haired heckler. He said, "Now, see here, Sir or Madam whichever the case might be, we have had enough of you!" The police ejected the man and the crowd applauded and Hogg went on as if nothing had happened. Another time, when a Labour Party supporter waved a [[Harold Wilson]] placard in front of him, Hogg smacked it with his walking-stick.{{citation needed|date=February 2010}}
=== Lord Chancellorship ===
[[File:Lord Hailsham appearing on "After Dark", 28 May 1988.jpg|300px|left|thumb|Appearing on television discussion programme ''[[After Dark (TV series)|After Dark]]'' in 1988.]]
Hogg served in the Conservative [[shadow cabinet]] during the Wilson government, and built up his practice at the bar where one of his clients was the Prime Minister and political opponent Harold Wilson.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/11/newsid_2542000/2542413.stm|title=BBC ON THIS DAY – 11 – 1967: Harold Wilson wins Moving apology|website=news.bbc.co.uk|date=11 October 1967|access-date=19 May 2017}}</ref> When [[Edward Heath]] won the 1970 general election he received a [[life peer]]age as '''Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone''', of [[Herstmonceux]] in the County of Sussex, and became [[Lord Chancellor]]. Hogg was the first to return to the House of Lords as a life peer after having disclaimed an hereditary peerage. Hailsham's choice of [[Lord Widgery]] as [[Lord Chief Justice]] was criticised by his opponents, although he later redeemed himself in the eyes of the profession by appointing [[Lord Lane]] to succeed Widgery. His appointment as Lord Chancellor caused some amusement; in October 1962 he had told a journalist (Logan Gourlay of the ''[[Daily Express]]'') that when he had inherited his title he had thought that by 1970 if the Tory Government were in power “some ass might make me Lord Chancellor”.
During his first term as Lord Chancellor, Hailsham oversaw the passage of the [[Courts Act 1971]], which fundamentally reformed the English justice by abolishing the ancient [[assizes]] and [[quarter session]]s, which were replaced by permanent [[Crown Court]]s.<ref name = ":0"/> The Act also established a unified court service, under the responsibility of the [[Lord Chancellor's Department]], which as a result expanded substantially. He also piloted through the House of Lords Heath's controversial [[Industrial Relations Act 1971]], which established the short-lived [[National Industrial Relations Court]].<ref name = ":0"/>
Hailsham announced his retirement after the end of the Heath government in 1974. He popularised the term '[[elective dictatorship]]' in 1976, later writing a detailed exposition, ''The Dilemma of Democracy''. However, after the tragic death of his second wife in a riding accident,<ref name = ":0"/> he decided to return to active politics, first as a [[Shadow Minister without Portfolio]] in the [[shadow Cabinet of Edward Heath (disambiguation)|Shadow Cabinets of Edward Heath]] and [[Shadow Cabinet of Margaret Thatcher|Margaret Thatcher]], then again as Lord Chancellor from 1979 to 1987 under [[Margaret Thatcher]].<ref name = ":0"/>
Hailsham was widely considered as a traditionalist Lord Chancellor. He put great emphasis on the traditional roles of his post, sitting on the [[Appellate Committee]] of the House of Lords more frequently than any of his post-war predecessors.<ref name=":0" /> Appointment of deputies to preside over the Lords enabled him to give more time to judicial work, although he often sat on the [[woolsack]] himself. He was protective of the English bar, opposing the appointment of solicitors to the High Court and the extension of their [[rights of audience]]. He was, however, responsible for implementing the far-reaching 1971 reform of the courts system, and championed law reform and the work of the [[Law Commission (England and Wales)|Law Commission]].
=== Retirement ===
After his retirement, Hailsham vigorously opposed the Thatcher government's plans to reform the legal profession. He opposed the introduction of [[Contingent fee|contingency fees]], observing that the professions were "not like the grocer's shop at the corner of a street in a town like [[Grantham]]" – a reference to Margaret Thatcher's origins – (''[[Hansard]]'' 5L, 505.1334, 7 April 1989)<ref>Thatcher's father had been a grocer in Grantham.</ref> and arguing that the Courts and Legal Services Act (1990) disregarded "almost every principle of the methodology which law reform ought to attract" and was no less than an attempt to "nationalise the profession and part of the judiciary" (''Hansard'' 5L, 514.151, 19 December 1989).<ref name=":0" />
Towards the end of his life Hailsham suffered from depression, which he managed somewhat by his lifelong love of classical literature.<ref name=":0" />
Hailsham remained an active if semi-detached member of the governing body of All Souls College almost until his death.<ref name=":0" />
=== Honours ===
In addition to his peerages, he was appointed a [[Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour]] in 1974<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=46254 |date=2 April 1974 |page=4396 |supp=y }}</ref> and was made a [[Knight of the Garter|Knight Companion of the Garter]] in 1988.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=51318 |date=26 April 1988 |page=4957 }}</ref>
==Personal life==
Hailsham was married three times. He was married firstly in 1932 to Natalie Sullivan.<ref name=":0" /> The marriage was dissolved in 1943 after he returned from the war to find her, as he later put it in a television interview, "not alone": she was with French president [[Charles de Gaulle]]'s ''chef de cabinet'', François Coulet.
On 18 April 1944, he married Mary Evelyn Martin (19 May 1919 – 10 March 1978), a descendant of the [[Martyn (surname)|Martyn]] family of [[The Tribes of Galway]]. They had five children including [[Douglas Martin Hogg, 3rd Viscount Hailsham]], and [[Mary Hogg|Mary Claire Hogg]].
Hailsham inherited Carter's Corner Place, a 17th-century house with wide views over the Pevensey marshes and the English Channel, from his father in 1950, and practised farming there for more than a decade. In 1963 he sold the property because of the cost and because his wife found the upkeep too much of a strain, but he continued to visit it thereafter.<ref name=":0" />
His wife Mary was killed in front of her husband in a horse-riding accident during a visit to [[Sydney, Australia]], in 1978. Hailsham was distraught and blamed himself for not having reminded her to wear a hard hat. Her gravestone at All Saints, Herstmonceux, Sussex, describes her as his "radiant and joyous companion".<ref name=":0" /><ref>Hailsham 1991, pp. 397–404.</ref>
On 1 March 1986, Hailsham married Deirdre Margaret Shannon Aft (1928/9–1998), a former secretary in his chambers. She cared for him in his old age, but predeceased him in 1998.<ref name=":0" />
==Personality and disability==
Hailsham retained some of the manner of a clever schoolboy – likeable, irritating and untidy – throughout his life. He was in the habit of reciting long passages of Ancient Greek verse at inappropriate moments in conversations.<ref name=":0" />
As a young man Hailsham was a keen mountain-climber, and broke both his ankles while climbing the [[Valais Alps]]. The fractures (which he wrongly believed to be sprains) healed at the time.<ref name="Hailsham, 1990, p60, p391">Hailsham, 1990, pp. 60, 391.</ref> Hailsham remained physically energetic until late middle age, and in the 1960s he could often be seen cycling unsteadily around London, dressed in the bowler hat and pin-striped suit of a barrister.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Hailsham 1991, photo next to p. 353.</ref> However, both of his damaged ankles, as he later wrote, "packed up within a week of one another in June 1974". Thereafter he was only able to walk short distances, with the aid of two walking-sticks.<ref name="Hailsham, 1990, p60, p391"/> In old age he also suffered from arthritis.<ref name=":0" />
==Death and succession==
Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone died from [[heart failure]] and pneumonia at his home in [[Putney Heath]], London, on 12 October 2001, three days after his 94th birthday.<ref name = ":0"/> The viscountcy that he had disclaimed in 1963 was inherited by his elder son [[Douglas Hogg|Douglas]], who was then an MP. As a result of the [[House of Lords Act 1999]], which removed the right of most [[hereditary peer]]s to sit in the House of Lords, it was not necessary for him to disclaim his viscountcy to remain a member of the House of Commons.<ref name=":0" />
Like his father and other members of the family, he was buried in the churchyard at All Saints, Herstmonceux, Sussex.<ref name=":0" />
Hailsham's wealth at death was valued for probate at £4,618,511 (around £7.5m at 2018 prices).<ref name=":0" /><ref>[http://www.measuringworth.com Compute the Relative Value of a U.K. Pound]</ref>
==Assessment and legacy==
S. M. Cretney argues that “Hailsham was on any assessment one of the outstanding personalities of 20th-century British politics. None of his contemporaries combined so brilliant and well-trained an intellect with a capacity for oratory that enjoyed such wide appeal. His most notable success may well have been his role in reviving the Conservative Party's fortunes in the 1950s … even so, Hailsham's actual achievements in politics arguably failed to reflect his remarkable intellectual power and oratorical skills" and that given his "emotional and temperamental volatility and even instability ... it is difficult to make any rational estimate of quite what a Hailsham administration would have achieved” had he become Prime Minister in 1963.<ref name=":0" />
In [[Jimmy McGovern]]'s 2002 film ''[[Sunday (2002 film)|Sunday]]'', which portrayed the events of [[Bloody Sunday (1972)|Bloody Sunday]] and the subsequent [[Widgery Tribunal]], Hailsham was played by the actor [[Oliver Ford Davies]].
==Writings==
{{Conservatism UK}}
Hogg's 1945 book ''The Left Was Never Right'' was a fierce response to two books in [[Victor Gollancz]]'s "Victory Books" series, ''[[Guilty Men]]'' by [[Frank Owen (politician)|Frank Owen]], [[Michael Foot]], and [[Peter Howard (journalist)|Peter Howard]], and ''Your M.P.'' by [[Tom Wintringham]], both published during the war and largely attempting to discredit Tory MPs as appeasers and war profiteers. The Wintringham volume had been republished in the lead up to the 1945 general election, widely acknowledged at the time as a major factor in shifting public opinion away from the Conservative party. Hogg's book sought to contrast Wintringham's statistics on appeasement with patriotic statistics of his own, maintaining that Labour MPs had been lacking in their wartime duties.
Perhaps his most important book, the Penguin paperback ''The Case for Conservatism'', was a similar response to ''Labour Marches On'' by [[John Parker (Labour politician)|John Parker]] MP. Published in 1947 in the aftermath of the crushing Conservative election defeat of 1945, and aimed at the mass market and the layman, it presented a well-written and coherent case for Conservatism. According to the book, the role of Conservatism is not to oppose all change but to resist and balance the volatility of current political fads and ideology, and to defend a middle position that enshrines a slowly changing organic humane traditionalism. For example, in the 19th century Conservatives often opposed the policies of prevailing British liberalism, favouring factory regulation, market intervention and controls to mitigate the effects of ''[[laissez faire]]'' capitalism, but in the 20th century the role of Conservatism was to oppose an ostensible danger from the opposite direction, the regulation, intervention, and controls favoured by social democracy.
Hailsham was also known for his writings on faith and belief. In 1975 he published his spiritual autobiography ''The Door Wherein I Went'', which included a brief chapter of [[Christian apologetics]], using legal arguments concerning the evidence for the life of [[Jesus]]. The book included a particularly moving passage about suicide; when he was a young man his half-brother [[Edward Marjoribanks (Conservative politician)|Edward Marjoribanks]] had taken his own life, and the experience left Hailsham with a deep conviction that suicide is always wrong.
His writings on Christianity have been the subject of discussion in the writings of [[Ross Clifford]]. Hailsham revisited themes of faith in his memoirs ''A Sparrow's Flight'' (1991), and the book's title alluded to remarks about sparrows and faith recorded in [[Bede]]'s ''[[Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum|Ecclesiastical History]]'' and the words of Christ in the [[Gospel of Matthew]].
==Select bibliography==
* ''One Year's Work.'' London: Hutchinson, The National Book Association. 1944 (As Quintin Hogg.)
* ''The Times We Live In.'' London: Signpost Press, 1944. (As Quintin Hogg.)
* ''The Left Was Never Right.'' London: Faber and Faber, 1945. (As Quintin Hogg.)
* ''The Purpose of Parliament.'' London: Blanford Press, 1946. (As Quintin Hogg.)
* ''The Case for Conservatism.'' Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1947. (As Quintin Hogg.) Revised, updated, and republished as ''[https://archive.org/details/theconservativecase1959 The Conservative Case]'', 1959. (As Viscount Hailsham.)
* ''The Iron Curtain, Fifteen Years After. With a Reprint of [Winston Churchill’s] '[[Iron Curtain#Iron Curtain speech|The Sinews of Peace]]' (1946).'' The John Findley Green Foundation Lectures. Fulton, Missouri: Westminster College, 1961. New York: River Club, 1964. (As Viscount Hailsham.)
* ''Science and Government.'' The Fawley Foundation Lectures, 8. Southampton: University of Southampton, 1961. OCLC Number: 962124; OCoLC 594963091.  (As Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone.)
* ''Science and Politics.'' London: Faber and Faber, 1963. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1974. {{ISBN|9780837172279}}. (As Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone.)
* ''The Devil's Own Song and Other Verses.'' London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1968. {{ISBN|9780340109793}}. (As Quintin Hogg.)
* ''New Charter: Some Proposals for Constitutional Reform.'' London: Conservative Political Centre, 1969. CPC Series No. 430.
* ''The Acceptable Face of Western Civilisation.'' London: Conservative Political Centre, 1973. CPC Series No. 535. {{ISBN|9780850705317}}.
* ''The Door Wherein I Went.'' London: Collins, 1975. {{ISBN|9780002161527}}. (As Lord Hailsham.)
* ''Elective Dictatorship.'' The Richard Dimbleby Lectures. London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1976. {{ISBN|9780563172543}}. (As Lord Hailsham.)
* ''The Dilemma of Democracy: Diagnosis and Prescription.'' London: Collins, 1979. {{ISBN|9780002118606}}. (As Lord Hailsham.)
* ''A Sparrow's Flight: The Memoirs of Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone.'' London: William Collins & Sons Ltd, 1991. {{ISBN|9780002155458}}. (As Lord Hailsham.)
* ''On the Constitution.'' London: HarperCollins, 1992. {{ISBN|9780002159982}}. (As Lord Hailsham.)
* ''Values: Collapse and Cure.'' London: HarperCollins, 1994. {{ISBN|9780002553902}}. (As Lord Hailsham.)
==Further reading==
Lewis, Geoffrey. ''Lord Hailsham: A Life.'' London: Jonathan Cape Ltd., 1997.
[[T. E. Utley|Utley, T. E.]] (Thomas Edwin). ''Not Guilty: The Conservative Reply. A Vindication of Government Policy.'' "Foreword by the Rt. Hon. Viscount Hailsham, Q.C." London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1957. OCLC Number: 1412752. A defence of the policies of then-Prime Minister Anthony Eden.
Clifford, Ross. ''Leading Lawyers' Case for the Resurrection.'' Edmonton, Alberta: Canadian Institute for Law, Theology, and Public Policy, 1996. {{ISBN|9781896363028}}. (Also published as ''The Case for the Empty Tomb: Leading Lawyers Look at the Resurrection.'' Sydney: Albatross Books, 1993. {{ISBN|9780867601275}}.)
==Coat of Arms==
{{Infobox COA wide
| name = Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone, KG, CH, PC, FRS
| image = File:Coat of Arms of Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone, KG, CH, PC, QC, FRS (cropped).png
| imagesize = 250px
| coronet = [[Coronet|Coronet of a Baron]]
| bannerimage =
| badgeimage =
| notes = The arms of Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone, consist of:<ref>{{cite book|last=Chesshyre|first=Hubert|title=The Friends of St. George's & Descendants of the Knights of the Garter Annual Review 1996/97|year=1996|volume=VII |page=326}}</ref>
| crest = ''Out of an eastern crown Argent an oak tree fructed proper pendant therefrom an escutcheon Azure charged with a dexter arm embowed in armour the hand grasping an arrow in bend sinister point downwards also proper.''
| torse = Mantling: ''Azure lined Argent''.
| helm =
| escutcheon = ''Argent three boar's heads erased Azure langued Gules between two flaunches also Azure each charged with a crescent of the field.''
| supporters = ''On either side a ram Argent armed and unguled Or gorged with a baron's coronet the dexter supporting the Lord High Chancellor's mace the sinister the Lord High Chancellor's purse with the initials of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II proper.''
| compartment =
| motto = DAT GLORIA VIRES
| orders = [[Order of the Garter]]
| other_elements =
| banner =
| symbolism =
| previous_versions =
}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category|Quintin Hogg|Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone}}
{{wikiquote}}
* {{Hansard-contribs|mr-quintin-hogg|Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone}}
* [https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/resources/1622 The Papers of Lord Hailsham] held at the [[Churchill Archives Centre]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090428172416/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/lord-hailsham-of-st-marylebone-729494.html Obituary – Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone] from ''[[The Independent]]''.
* {{PM20|FID=pe/006963}}
*[https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/houseoflords/house-of-lords-reform/from-the-collections/from-the-parliamentary-collections-lords-reform/the-work-of-the-life-peers/quintinhogg1907-2001/ Quintin Hogg on the UK Parliament website]
{{Navboxes
|title=Offices and distinctions
|list1=
{{s-start}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Robert Bourne (politician)|Robert Bourne]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament<br>for [[Oxford (UK Parliament constituency)|Oxford]]|years=[[1938 Oxford by-election|1938]]–[[1950 Oxford by-election|1950]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Lawrence Turner]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Wavell Wakefield]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament<br>for [[St Marylebone (UK Parliament constituency)|St Marylebone]]|years=[[1963 St Marylebone by-election|1963]]–[[1970 St Marylebone by-election|1970]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Kenneth Baker, Baron Baker of Dorking|Kenneth Baker]]}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Hugh Seely, 1st Baron Sherwood|The Lord Sherwood]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Under-Secretary of State for Air|Under Secretary of State for Air]]|years=1945}}
{{s-aft|after=[[John Strachey (politician)|John Strachey]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[James Thomas, 1st Viscount Cilcennin|The Viscount Cilcennin]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[First Lord of the Admiralty]]|years=1956–1957}}
{{s-aft|after=[[George Douglas-Hamilton, 10th Earl of Selkirk|The Earl of Selkirk]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[David Eccles, 1st Viscount Eccles|David Eccles]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Secretary of State for Education|Minister for Education]]|years=1957}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Geoffrey Lloyd, Baron Geoffrey-Lloyd|Geoffrey Lloyd]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Alec Douglas-Home|The Earl of Home]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Lord President of the Council]]|years=1957–1959}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Alec Douglas-Home|The Earl of Home]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Rab Butler]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Lord Privy Seal]]|years=1959–1960}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Edward Heath]]}}
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Alec Douglas-Home|The Earl of Home]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Leader of the House of Lords]]|years=1960–1963}}
{{s-aft|after=[[The Lord Carrington]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Lord President of the Council]]|years=1960–1964}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Herbert Bowden]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Edward Boyle, Baron Boyle of Handsworth|Edward Boyle]]|as=Minister for Education}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Secretary of State for Education]] and Science|years=1964}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham|Michael Stewart]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Peter Thorneycroft]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Shadow Home Secretary]]|years=1966–1970}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Jim Callaghan]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Gerald Gardiner, Baron Gardiner|The Lord Gardiner]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain]]|years=1970–1974}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones|The Lord Elwyn-Jones]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Frederick Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones|The Lord Elwyn-Jones]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain]]|years=1979–1987}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Michael Havers, Baron Havers|The Lord Havers]]}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Oliver Poole, 1st Baron Poole|The Lord Poole]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chair of the Conservative Party]]|years=1957–1959}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Rab Butler]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Alec Douglas-Home|The Earl of Home]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)#Leaders in the House of Lords (1834–present)|Leader of the Conservative Party]] in the [[House of Lords]]|years=1960–1963}}
{{s-aft|after=[[The Lord Carrington]]}}
{{s-aca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Rab Butler]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Rector of the University of Glasgow]]|years=1959–1962}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Albert Lutuli]]}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham|Douglas Hogg]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Viscount Hailsham]]|years=1950–1963}}
{{s-vac|disclaimed|next=[[Douglas Hogg]]}}
{{s-end}}
}}
{{Navboxes
|title= Related articles
|list1=
{{Lord Chancellor}}
{{First Lords of the Admiralty|state=collapsed}}
{{Secretaries of State for Education}}
{{Heath Ministry}}
{{Thatcher Ministry}}
{{Shadow Home Secretaries}}
{{Conservative Party (UK)}}
}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hailsham of Saint Marylebone, Quintin Hogg, Baron}}
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century English lawyers]]
[[Category:20th-century English memoirists]]
[[Category:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:British Secretaries of State for Education]]
[[Category:Burials in East Sussex]]
[[Category:Chairmen of the Conservative Party (UK)]]
[[Category:Children of peers and peeresses created life peers|Hogg 1]]
[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]]
[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) life peers]]
[[Category:Contributors to Halsbury's Laws of England]]
[[Category:Deaths from congestive heart failure]]
[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia in England]]
[[Category:English King's Counsel]]
[[Category:English people of American descent]]
[[Category:English religious writers]]
[[Category:Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society (Statute 12)]]
[[Category:First Lords of the Admiralty]]
[[Category:Hogg family|Quintin]]
[[Category:Knights of the Garter]]
[[Category:Leaders of the House of Lords]]
[[Category:Life peers created by Elizabeth II]]
[[Category:Lord Presidents of the Council]]
[[Category:Lord chancellors of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Lords Privy Seal]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Military personnel from the City of Westminster]]
[[Category:Ministers in the Churchill caretaker government, 1945]]
[[Category:Ministers in the Churchill wartime government, 1940–1945]]
[[Category:Ministers in the Eden government, 1955–1957]]
[[Category:Ministers in the Macmillan and Douglas-Home governments, 1957–1964]]
[[Category:People associated with the University of Buckingham]]
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:People educated at Sunningdale School]]
[[Category:People from Bayswater]]
[[Category:Politicians from the City of Westminster]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Classical Association]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Oxford Union]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Oxford University Conservative Association]]
[[Category:Rectors of the University of Glasgow]]
[[Category:Rifle Brigade officers]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1935–1945]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1945–1950]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1950–1951]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1959–1964]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1964–1966]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1966–1970]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1970–1974]]
[[Category:UK MPs who inherited peerages|Hailsham, V2]]
[[Category:UK MPs who were granted peerages]]
[[Category:Viscounts Hailsham]]
[[Category:People who disclaimed peerages|Hailsham]]