View source for Résumé

{{Short description|Business document}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{See also|Curriculum vitae}}
{{Other uses}}
[[File:Resume logo.jpeg|thumb|An example of a résumé with a common format with the name [[John Doe]].]]
A '''résumé''', sometimes spelled '''resume''' (or alternatively '''resumé'''),{{efn|{{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|r|ɛ|z|ʊ|m|eɪ}} {{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|r|ɛ|zj|ʊ|m|eɪ}}; {{IPA|fr|ʁezyme|lang}}}}<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=résumé|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/r%C3%A9sum%C3%A9|dictionary=Merriam-Webster Online}}</ref> is a document created and used by a person to present their background, skills, and accomplishments. Résumés can be used for a variety of reasons, but most often they are used to secure new employment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/resume |title=Resume &#124; Define Resume at Dictionary.com |website=Dictionary.reference.com |access-date=2017-03-08}}</ref>
A typical résumé contains a summary of relevant job [[experience]] and [[education]]. The résumé is usually one of the first items, along with a [[cover letter]] and sometimes an [[application for employment]], which a potential [[employer]] sees regarding the job seeker and is typically used to [[Screening (economics)|screen]] applicants, often followed by an [[interview]].
The curriculum vitae used for employment purposes in the UK (and in other European countries) is more akin to the résumé—a shorter, summary version of one's education and experience—than to the longer and more detailed [[Curriculum vitae|CV]] that is expected in U.S. academic circles.
In South Asian countries such as Pakistan and Bangladesh, [[biodata]] is often used in place of a résumé.<ref name="Sehgal2008">{{cite book|last=Sehgal|first=M. K.|title=Business Communication|year=2008|publisher=Excel Books |language=en|isbn=9788174465016|page=392}}</ref>
==History==
The word "résumé" comes from the French word {{lang|fr|résumer}} meaning 'to summarize'.<ref>{{cite web| work=Merriam-Webster| access-date=9 March 2015| url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/resume| title=resume| quote=French résumé, from past participle of résumer to resume, summarize, from Middle French resumer}}</ref> [[Leonardo da Vinci]] is sometimes credited with the first résumé, though his "résumé" takes the form of a letter written about 1481–1482 to a potential employer, [[Ludovico Sforza]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pratt|first1=Síofra|title=3 Lessons Every Job Seeker Can Learn from the World's Oldest CV|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20141015111116-2417166-3-lessons-every-job-seeker-can-learn-from-the-world-s-oldest-cv|publisher=[[LinkedIn]]|access-date=8 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Skills of Leonardo da Vinci|url=http://www.lettersofnote.com/2012/03/skills-of-da-vinci.html|website=Lettersofnote.com|date=28 March 2012|access-date=8 June 2015}}</ref> For the next 450 years, the résumé continued to be simply a description of a person, including abilities and past employment. In the early 1900s, résumés included information like weight, height, marital status, and religion. By 1950, résumés were considered mandatory and started to include information like personal interests and hobbies. It was not until the 1970s, the beginning of the [[Digital Age]], that résumés took on a more professional look in terms of presentation and content.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-resumes-have-evolved-since-their-first-creation-in-1482-2011-2|title=The 500-Year Evolution Of The Resume|newspaper=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=2016-12-02}}</ref> The start of the 21st century saw a further evolution for résumés on the internet as [[social media]] helped people spread résumés faster. In 2003 [[LinkedIn]] was launched, which allowed users to post their resumes and skills online.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.davron.net/history-of-the-resume/|title=The History of the Resume|website=davron.net|date=10 February 2016|access-date=31 July 2021}}</ref> Other than LinkedIn, several other [[Software as a service|SaaS]] companies are now helping job seekers with free online  résumé builders. These usually provide templates to insert credentials and experience and create a résumé to download or an online portfolio link to share via social media. With the launch of [[YouTube]] in 2005, [[video résumé]]s became common, and more and more high school students began to send them to different colleges and universities.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-resumes-have-evolved-since-their-first-creation-in-1482-2011-2|title=The 500-Year Evolution Of The Resume|newspaper=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=2021-07-31}}</ref>
==Description==
In many contexts, a résumé is typically limited to one or two pages of size [[ISO 216|A4]] or [[Letter paper|letter-size]], highlighting only those experiences and qualifications that the author considers most relevant to the desired position. Many résumés contain [[Index term|keywords]] or [[skills]] that potential employers are looking for via [[applicant tracking system]]s, make heavy use of active verbs, and display content in a flattering manner. Acronyms and credentials after the applicant's name should be spelled out fully in the appropriate section of the résumé to increase the likelihood they are found in a computerized keyword scan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/hr-topics/organizational-and-employee-development/pages/how-to-create-an-hr-resume.aspx|title = How to Write Powerful and Memorable HR Resumes|date = 19 May 2021}}</ref>
A résumé is a marketing document in which the content should be adapted to suit each individual job application or applications aimed at a particular industry. In late 2002, job seekers and students started making interactive résumés such as résumés having links, clickable phone numbers and email addresses. With the launch of YouTube in 2006, job seekers and students also started to create multimedia and video résumés.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-resumes-have-evolved-since-their-first-creation-in-1482-2011-2|title=The 500-Year Evolution Of The Resume|newspaper=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=2021-07-31}}</ref> Job seekers were able to circumvent the [[application for employment]] process and reach employers through direct email contact and résumé blasting, a term meaning the mass distribution of résumés to increase personal visibility within the job market. However, the mass distribution of résumés to employers can often have a negative effect on the applicant's chances of securing employment as the résumés tend not to be tailored for the specific positions the applicant is applying for. It is usually, therefore, more sensible to optimize the résumé for each position applied for and its [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36187287/ keywords] <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chen |first=Zhisheng |date=February 2023 |title=Collaboration among recruiters and artificial intelligence: removing human prejudices in employment |journal=Cognition, Technology & Work |language=en |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=135–149 |doi=10.1007/s10111-022-00716-0 |pmid=36187287 |pmc=9516509 |issn=1435-5558}}</ref> In order to keep track of all experiences, keeping a "master résumé" document is recommended, providing job seekers with the ability to customize a tailored résumé while making sure extraneous information is easily accessible for future use if needed.
The complexity or simplicity of various résumé formats tends to produce results varying from person to person, for the occupation, and the industry. Résumés or CVs used by medical professionals, professors, artists, and people in other specialized fields may be comparatively longer. For example, an artist's résumé, typically focused on experience and achievements in the artistic field,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thepracticalartworld.com/2011/02/12/how-to-write-an-artists-cv-in-10-steps/ |title=How To Write an Artists CV in 10 Steps |website=thepracticalartworld.com |date=12 February 2011 |publisher=The Practical Art World |access-date=2023-11-06}}</ref> may include extensive lists of [[Solo exhibition|solo]] and group [[Art exhibitions|exhibitions]].
==Styles==
Résumés may be organized in different ways. The following are some of the more common résumé formats:
===Blind résumé===
A blind résumé is a modern and equitable style used to focus on an applicant's qualifications and experience by removing any personal identifying information that could potentially result in bias. By excluding or minimizing details such as the candidate's name, age, gender, address, or educational background, blind résumés aim to ensure that recruiters assess candidates based solely on relevant information like their academic qualification, abilities, experience, and skills, rather than on discriminatory factors such as ethnicity, gender, or academic pedigree, which do not provide meaningful insights into the candidate's qualifications. This method is designed to promote fairness, equality, and diversity in recruitment by reducing the impact of biases that often influence hiring decisions, particularly for racialized and diverse job applicants. Studies have shown that candidates with certain demographic characteristics, such as names associated with a particular race or gender, are often unfairly disadvantaged in the hiring process. While the challenge of deeply ingrained systemic bias cannot be fully addressed by blind résumés alone, and not all recruiters may be familiar with this approach, it is considered a best practice among responsible organizations and applicants. This de-biasing approach is promoted in environments where broader systemic changes to address biases in hiring practices, interviews, and promotions within organizations are still evolving.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Can Blind Hiring Improve Workplace Diversity? |url=https://www.shrm.org/topics-tools/news/hr-magazine/can-blind-hiring-improve-workplace-diversity |publisher=[[Society for Human Resource Management]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Is Blind Hiring the Best Hiring? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/28/magazine/is-blind-hiring-the-best-hiring.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-01 |title=When Blind Hiring Advances DEI — and When It Doesn’t |url=https://hbr.org/2023/06/when-blind-hiring-advances-dei-and-when-it-doesnt |work=Harvard Business Review |language=en |issn=0017-8012}}</ref>
===Functional résumé===
A functional résumé lists work experience and skills sorted by skill area or job function. The functional résumé is used to focus on skills that are specific to the type of position being sought. This format directly emphasizes specific professional capabilities and utilizes experience summaries as its primary means of communicating professional competency. In contrast, the chronological résumé format will briefly highlight these competencies prior to presenting a comprehensive timeline of career growth through reverse chronological listings, with the most recent experience listed first. The functional résumé works well for those making a career change, having a varied work history, or with little work experience. A functional résumé is also preferred for applications to jobs that require very specific skills or clearly defined personality traits. A functional résumé is a good method for highlighting particular skills or experiences, especially when those particular skills or experiences may have derived from a role which was held some time ago. Rather than focus on the length of time that has passed, the functional résumé allows the reader to identify those skills quickly.
===Infographic and video résumés===
As the Internet becomes more driven by multimedia, job-seekers have sought to take advantage of the trend by moving their résumés away from the traditional paper and email media to website résumés or e-résumés. [[Video resume|Video]], infographic, and even [[Vine (service)|Vine]] résumés have gained popularity recently, though mainly in the creative and media industries.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://finance.yahoo.com/news/11-resumes-that-got-worldwide-attention-194410148.html |title=10 Resumes That Got Worldwide Attention |last=Shontell |first=Alyson |date=27 February 2013 | website=finance.yahoo.com |access-date= 25 June 2014}}</ref> This trend has attracted criticism from [[human resources management]] professionals, who warn that this may be a passing fad and point out that multimedia-based résumés may be overlooked by recruiters whose [[workflow]] is designed only to accommodate a traditional résumé format.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/dailymuse/2012/05/18/recruiters-tell-us-do-resume-fads-really-work/ |title=Recruiters Tell Us: Do Résumé Fads Really Work? |date=18 May 2012 | website=forbes.com |access-date= 25 June 2014}}</ref>
===Online résumés===
As the search for employment has become more electronic, it is common for employers to only accept résumés electronically, either out of practicality or preference. This has changed much about the manner in which résumés are written, read, and processed. Some career experts are pointing out that today {{when|date=February 2023}} a paper-based résumé is an exception rather than the rule.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20140620-to-print-or-not-to-print |title=To Print or Not to Print |last=Garone |first=Liz |date=23 June 2014 | website=bbc.com |access-date= 25 June 2014}}</ref>
Many employers and hiring managers now find candidates' résumés through [[search engine]]s, which makes it more important for candidates to use appropriate keywords when writing a résumé. Larger employers use [[Applicant tracking system|Applicant Tracking Systems]] to search, filter, and manage high volumes of résumés. Job ads may direct applicants to email a résumé to a company or visit its website and submit a résumé in an electronic format.
Many employers, and recruitment agencies working on their behalf, insist on receiving résumés in a particular [[file format]]. Some require [[Microsoft Word]] documents, while others will only accept résumés formatted in [[HTML]], [[PDF]], or plain [[ASCII]] text sometimes.
Another consideration for electronic résumé documents is that they are parsed with [[Natural language processing|natural language processors]]. [[Resume parsing|Résumé parsers]] may correctly interpret some parts of the content of the résumé but not other parts. The best résumé parsers capture a high percentage of information regarding location, names, and titles, but are less accurate with skills, industries, and other less structured or rapidly changing data. Résumés written in a standard format is more likely to be correctly interpreted by résumé parsers and thereby may make the candidate more findable.
According to Indeed the ideal ATS friendly resume uses Arial, Calibri, Cambria, Garamond or Georgia font, does not include graphs, tables, or headers (formatted headers not sections), and uses "key words" or role specific words and descriptions in a job description.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Taylor |first=Suzanne |date=August 21, 2023 |title=How To Write an ATS Resume (With Template and Tips) |url=https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/resumes-cover-letters/ats-resume-template |access-date=December 10, 2023 |website=indeed}}</ref>
One advantage for the employers to online résumés is the significant cost saving compared to traditional hiring methods.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.careerjournal.com/hrcenter/weddlesguide/19990405-weddle.html |title=Career Advice, Find a Job & Salary Trends - Wall Street Journal |website=Careerjournal.com |date=2002-10-03 |access-date=2017-03-08}}</ref> Another is that potential employers no longer have to sort through massive stacks of paper.
AI-tools can be used to test résumé template.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Zwan|first=Gwen van der|date=2019-06-11|title=Robots reviewed my resume and they were not impressed|url=https://thenextweb.com/news/ai-robots-reviewed-my-resume-unimpressed-work|access-date=2021-06-12|website=TNW {{!}} Work2030|language=en}}</ref> Although AI can have flaws for creating a personalized resume, it can catch the attention to [[Résumé parsing|algorithms]] for your resume to be viewed by potential employers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rojas-Galeano |first1=Sergio |last2=Posada |first2=Jorge |last3=Ordoñez |first3=Esteban |date=2022-10-03 |editor-last=Nilashi |editor-first=Mehrbakhsh |title=A Bibliometric Perspective on AI Research for Job-Résumé Matching |journal=The Scientific World Journal |language=en |volume=2022 |pages=1–15 |doi=10.1155/2022/8002363 |doi-access=free |pmid=36225947 |issn=1537-744X|pmc=9550515 }}</ref>
===Reverse chronological résumé===
A [[reverse chronology|reverse chronological]] résumé lists a candidate's job experiences in chronological order (last thing first), generally covering the previous 10 to 15 years. Positions are listed with starting and ending dates. Current positions on a résumé typically list the starting date to the present. The reverse chronological résumé format is most commonly used by professionals who are making advancements in the same vertical.<ref>{{cite web|title = Reverse Chronological Resume Format: Focusing on Work History, Growth - For Dummies|url = http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/reverse-chronological-resume-format-focusing-on-w0.html|website = Dummies.com|access-date = 22 December 2015}}</ref> In using this format, the main body of the document becomes the Professional Experience section, starting from the most recent experience and moving chronologically backward through a succession of previous experience. The reverse chronological résumé works to build credibility through experience gained, while illustrating career growth over time and filling all gaps in a career trajectory. A chronological résumé is not recommended to job seekers with gaps in their career summaries. In the United Kingdom the chronological résumé tends to extend only as far back as the applicant's [[GCSE]]/[[Standard Grade]] qualifications.
==Résumé evaluation==
Keeping résumés online has become increasingly common for people in professions that benefit from the multimedia and rich detail that are offered by an [[HTML]] résumé, such as actors, photographers, graphic designers, developers, dancers, etc.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kent.ac.uk/careers/cv/actorcv.htm |title=How to Write an Actor's/Singer's CV | website=Kent University }}</ref> Job seekers are finding an ever-increasing demand to have an electronic version of their résumé available to employers and professionals who use [[Internet recruiting]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/LIVING/worklife/05/07/cb.e.resume/index.html?iref=nextin |title= An E-friendly Résumé in 5 Easy Steps |last=Presely |first=Eric |date=8 May 2008 | website=cnn.com }}</ref> Online résumé distribution services have emerged to allow job seekers to distribute their résumés to numerous employers of their choice through email.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tampabay.com/news/business/workinglife/the-future-of-the-resume/2269763/ |title= The Future of the Resume|last=Burdick |first=Cody |date=17 March 2016  | website=Tampa Bay Times }}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Background check]]
* [[Europass]] European Standardized model<!--is it used outside the EU institutions? yes it is used also in America-->
* [[Federal Resume (United States)|Federal resume]]
* [[Resume fraud|Résumé fraud]]
* [[Curriculum vitae]]
* [[Cover letter]]
* [[Résumé parsing]]
* [[Video resume]]
* [[Ghost job]]
==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Bibliography==
{{Wiktionary-inline|résumé|curriculum vitae|resume}}
* Bennett, Scott A. ''The Elements of Résumé Style: Essential Rules and Eye-Opening Advice for Writing Résumés and Cover Letters that Work.'' AMACOM, 2005 {{ISBN|0-8144-7280-X}}.
* Whitcomb, Susan Britton. ''Resume Magic: Trade Secrets of a Professional Resume Writer,'' Third Edition. [[EMC Publishing, LLC#Workforce development|JIST Publishing]], 2006. {{ISBN|978-1-59357-311-9}}.
* [[Jean-Pierre Thiollet|Thiollet, Jean-Pierre]].''Euro CV'', Paris, Top Editions, 1997. {{ISBN|2-87731-131-7}}
{{Employment}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Business documents]]