View source for R12 (New York City Subway car)

{{Short description|Retired class of New York City Subway car}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox train
| background       =
| name             = R12
| image            = MTA NYC R12 5760.JPG
| imagealt         =
| imagesize        = 250px
| caption          = R12 car 5760 on display at the [[New York Transit Museum]]
| interiorimage    = R12 irt subway car interior.jpg
| interiorimagealt =
| interiorcaption  = Interior view of R12 car 5760
| service          = 1948–1981
| manufacturer     = [[American Car and Foundry Company]]
| factory          = [[Berwick, Pennsylvania]], USA
| family           =
| replaced         =
| yearconstruction = 1948
| yearservice      = July 13, 1948
| refurbishment    =
| yearscrapped     =
| numberconstruction=
| numberbuilt      = 100
| numberservice    =
| numberpreserved  = 2
| numberscrapped   = 98
| successor        = [[R62 (New York City Subway car)|R62]]
| formation        = Single units
| fleetnumbers     = 5703–5752 (Westinghouse)<br>5753–5802 (General Electric)
| capacity         = 44 (seated)
| operator         = [[New York City Board of Transportation|NYC Board of Transportation]]<br>[[New York City Subway]]
| depots           =
| lines            =
| carbody          = [[LAHT Carbon steel]]
| trainlength      =
| carlength        = {{convert|51|ft|2|abbr=on}}
| width            = {{convert|8|ft|9.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| height           = {{convert|11|ft|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| floorheight      =
| platformheight   = {{convert|3.76|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}
| entrylevelorstep =
| doors            = 6 sets of 50 inch wide side doors per car
| art-sections     =
| maxspeed         = {{convert|55|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}
| weight           = {{convert|73100|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}}
| acceleration     =
| deceleration     =
| traction         = General Electric 1240A3 or Westinghouse J1447C
| engine           =
| poweroutput      = {{convert|100|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}
| transmission     =
| aux              =
| powersupply      =
| hvac             =
| electricsystem   =
| collectionmethod =
| uicclass         =
| aarwheels        =
| bogies           =
| brakes           = [[Westinghouse Air Brake Company|WABCO]] A1 "SMEE" Braking System, [[American Steel Foudries|A.S.F.]] simplex unit cylinder clasp  [[Brake shoe#Railway tread brake|tread brake]]
| safety           = [[Train stop|Tripcock]]
| coupling         =
| multipleworking  =
| gauge            = {{RailGauge|ussg|allk=on}}
}}
The '''R12''' was a [[New York City Subway]] car built by the [[American Car and Foundry Company]] in 1948. A total of 100 cars were built, arranged as single units. Two versions were manufactured: Westinghouse (WH)-powered cars and General Electric (GE)-powered cars.
The R12s were the first post-war city-owned rolling stock for the [[Interborough Rapid Transit Company|IRT]] [[A Division (New York City Subway)|A Division]]. The first of these entered service on July 13, 1948; the fleet initially ran on the [[IRT Flushing Line]] until the [[R33 World's Fair (New York City Subway car)|R33S]] and [[R36 World's Fair (New York City Subway car)|R36 World's Fair]] fleets were delivered in the 1960s. The R12s were retired in the early 1980s due to service reductions prior to the delivery of the [[R62 (New York City Subway car)|R62]] fleet in the mid-1980s, and the final train of R12s ran in September 1981. Two R12 cars were saved for the [[New York Transit Museum]], while the rest were scrapped.
==Description==
The R12s were numbered 5703–5802. They were the first mass-produced cars to feature electric door motors, as opposed to air-powered door motors (The [[R11/R34 (New York City Subway car)|R11/R34]] prototypes were the very first cars with such features).
The R12 was the first series of post-war subway cars for the IRT division, and the second series of post-war rolling stock overall, following the [[R10 (New York City Subway car)|R10s]] built around the same time for the [[Independent Subway System|IND]]/[[Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation|BMT]] [[B Division (New York City Subway)|B Division]]. The two car types were very similar to each other, except that the R12s were smaller since they were built to meet A Division specifications.
The R12s were the first "R" type contract order built for the A Division (referring to the practice of naming a car class by the letter "R" – which stands for rapid transit – followed by a number derived from the actual contract number). This practice originated from the [[R1 (New York City Subway car)|R1]] order built for the [[Independent Subway System]]. After the merger of the [[Interborough Rapid Transit Company|IRT]], [[Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation|BMT]], and [[Independent Subway System|IND]] in 1940, all subsequent subway car orders would follow the R contract.
There were two versions of the R12s: [[Westinghouse Electric (1886)|Westinghouse Electric]] (WE)-powered cars (5703–5752) and [[General Electric]] (GE)-powered cars (5753–5802).
The R12s bore several schemes during their service lives. The cars were delivered in two-tone gray scheme with orange stripes, then a solid bright red, and finally, repainted into the MTA's silver with blue stripe scheme. In the mid-1960s, 5707 received an interior speckled green paint scheme.
Cars 5703–5737 had a different fluorescent tubing that permitted a brighter illumination than most later cars of this series, although 5742, 5756, and 5784 also received this (as well as R14 5904).
==History==
Delivery of the cars began in June 1948.<ref>{{cite web |title=IRT SMEE delivery dates |url=http://www.coronayard.com/r36preservation/irtsmeedelivery.html |website=R36 Preservation, Inc. |publisher=Kevin Wong |access-date=12 September 2020}}</ref> The first R12s began service on the {{NYCS|7}} ([[IRT Flushing Line]]) on July 13, 1948. All 100 cars were delivered by October 1948.<ref>[http://issuu.com/erausa/docs/2009-09-bulletin? ERA New York Division Bulletin, September 2009, Page 4]</ref>
The R12s ran on the Flushing Line until the arrival of the [[R33 World's Fair (New York City Subway car)|R33S]]s and [[R36 (New York City Subway car)|R36 World's Fair]]s in late 1963–early 1964. The R12s were then transferred to operate on other A-division routes. One particular assignment included all GE-powered cars being heavily modified (by deactivating the dynamic brakes and cutting out the third (parallel) notch on their controllers) and sent to the 8 ([[IRT Third Avenue Line|Third Avenue elevated line]]) in the Bronx during August 1969 and running there until that route's closing on April 29, 1973, whereupon they were permanently removed from passenger service and relegated to work service after only a little under 25 years in passenger service. A "3" was placed in front of the numbers of the cars so placed in work service. In addition, four Westinghouse-powered R12 cars (5703–5706) were slightly modified for use on the [[Bowling Green–South Ferry Shuttle]], and were so-equipped so that the center door of each car could be opened at South Ferry, while keeping the others closed. These cars were used until the shuttle was discontinued on February 12, 1977, when the cars were reassigned to the {{NYCS|3}}, since these four shuttle cars were inspected and maintained at Livonia Barn at the time, with the 3 route.
===Retirement===
[[File:A Day In New York-24th May 20167 (17441159774).jpg|thumb|left|Car 5782 (renumbered to 35782) at the 207th Street Yard, awaiting cosmetic restoration]]
As newer cars started to run on the MTA's many lines, the R12s were in a state of disrepair. In the 1970s, graffiti artists vandalized many subway cars, including the R12s. Although officially replaced by the [[R62 (New York City Subway car)|R62s]] (delivered 1983–85), all R12s were retired earlier. Many R12s were also converted to work service following their retirement to replace older [[Lo-V (New York City Subway car)|Low-V]] work cars. The last R12 was pulled from passenger service in August 1981.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/A_History_of_the_IRT_SMEE_Cars,_1948-1964 |title = nycsubway.org: A History of the IRT SMEE Cars, 1948-1964}}</ref> All but two cars have since been taken off property to be scrapped, though several cars lasted as training vehicles or work cars for many years.
Two cars have been preserved:
* Car 5760 has been preserved by the [[New York Transit Museum]] since July 1976, and was repainted into its original two-tone gray and orange striped paint scheme.<ref>{{cite tweet|number=753238930863091716|user=NYTransitMuseum|date=July 13, 2016|title=Board and explore #IRT #R12 car #5760 in #DowntownBrooklyn today from 10am - 4pm!|access-date=July 13, 2016}}</ref> The car is operational and has run on museum-sponsored nostalgia trains, specifically on the ''[[Train of Many Colors]].''
* Car 5782 (renumbered to 35782) is also being held for the New York Transit Museum. This car was formerly used for fire training. The car retains its MTA blue/silver livery paint scheme<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nycsubway.org/perl/show?2730 |title=Showing Image 2730 |publisher=Nycsubway.org |date=September 13, 1998 |access-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref> and has been stored at [[207th Street Yard]] for many years.<ref>{{cite web|author=mtattrain |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/mtattrain/5337362267/ |title=R12 5782 & R22 7486 &#124; Flickr - Photo Sharing! |publisher=Flickr |date=September 10, 2010 |access-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* Sansone, Gene. ''Evolution of New York City subways: An illustrated history of New York City's transit cars, 1867-1997''. New York Transit Museum Press, New York, 1997 {{ISBN|978-0-9637492-8-4}}
*{{Commons category inline|R12 (New York City Subway car)}}
{{NYCS rolling stock}}
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 1948]]
[[Category:New York City Subway rolling stock|R012]]
[[Category:American Car and Foundry Company]]
[[Category:1948 in rail transport]]