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{{Short description|DC Comics supervillain}}
{{Infobox comics character
| character_name=Ra's al Ghul
| image=Ra's al Ghul.png
| caption= Raʼs al Ghul, as depicted on the cover of ''Batman '' #244 (September 1972)<br /> Art by [[Neal Adams]].
| publisher=[[DC Comics]]
| debut= ''[[Batman (comic book)|Batman]]'' #232 (June 1971)
| creators= [[Dennis O'Neil]] (writer)<br />[[Neal Adams]] (artist)<br />[[Julius Schwartz]] (concept/name)
| alliances= [[League of Assassins]]<br />[[Secret Society of Super Villains|Underground Society]]<br />Council of Immortals <ref>''Dark Days: The Forge'' #1</ref> <br /> [[Legion of Doom]] <br /> The Demon
| aliases= The Demon's Head<ref name=dc840>''Detective Comics'' #840 (March 2008)</ref><br />The Demon<br>"Terry Gene Kase"
| powers=*Genius-level intellect
* Master strategist and tactician
* Master martial artist, hand-to-hand combatant, and swordsman
* Enhanced [[longevity]] and healing via Lazarus Pits
}}
'''Ra's al Ghul'''{{efn|{{langx|ar|رأس الغول|translit=Raʾs al-Ġūl}}, commonly pronounced as ''Re'sh'', hence {{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|eɪ|ʃ|_|ˌ|æ|l|_|ˈ|ɡ|uː|l}} {{respell|RAYSH|_|al|_|GOOL}}<ref>{{cite video game|title=[[Batman: Arkham Knight]], "Season of Infamy" DLC|developer=[[Rocksteady Studios]]|publisher=[[Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment]]|date=2022|level=Shadow War|quote='''[[Alfred Pennyworth]]''': ''Civil war amongst the League? How is that possible? Ra's Al Ghul is not known for restraint when it comes to punishing dissent.''}}</ref> or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɑː|z|_|ˌ|æ|l|_|ˈ|ɡ|uː|l}} {{respell|RAHZ|_|al|_|GOOL}};<ref>{{Cite AV media|people=[[Christopher Nolan|Nolan, Christopher]] (Director)|title=[[Batman Begins]]|publisher=[[Warner Bros.]]}}</ref> "The Head of the [[Demon]]" or, in a rougher translation, "The Chief Demon".}} is a <!--Do not add "fictional" as it is tautological; supervillains (and characters in general) are by definition implied to be fictionalized to some extent.-->[[supervillain]] appearing in [[American comic book]]s published by [[DC Comics]], commonly as an adversary of the [[superhero]] [[Batman]]. Created by editor [[Julius Schwartz]], writer [[Dennis O'Neil]] and artist [[Neal Adams]], the character first appeared in ''Batman'' #232's "Daughter of the Demon" (June 1971).<ref name="McAvennie 2010 145">{{cite book|last=McAvennie|first= Michael|editor-last = Dolan|editor-first = Hannah|chapter= 1970s|title = DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle|publisher=[[DK (publisher)|Dorling Kindersley]] |year=2010 |isbn= 978-0-7566-6742-9 |page= 145 |quote = Writer Denny O'Neil once stated that he and artist Neal Adams 'set out to consciously and deliberately to create a villain...so exotic and mysterious that neither we nor Batman were sure what to expect.' Who they came up with was arguably Batman's most cunning adversary: the global eco-terrorist named Ra's al Ghul.}}</ref>
Most notable as the leader of the [[League of Assassins]], Ra's al Ghul's name in [[Arabic]] translates to "Head of the [[Demon]]".<ref>''Batman Villains Secret Files & Origins'' #1 (1998) and Arrow (TV series). "Ra's al Ghul's true name is lost in the sands of time. Of all the Dark Knight's foes, 'The Ghoul's Head', as his name translates from Arabic, is perhaps the most dangerous."</ref><ref>[[Detective Comics]] (vol. 1) #411 (May 1971) "Editor's Note: In Arabic, 'The Demon's Head'! Literally, Al Ghul signifies a mischief-maker and appears as the Ghoul of the Arabian Nights!"</ref> He is the son of [[Sensei (DC Comics)|Sensei]]; the father of [[Talia al Ghul]], [[Nyssa Raatko]] and Dusan al Ghul; and the maternal grandfather of [[Damian Wayne]]. Stories featuring Ra's al Ghul often involve the Lazarus Pits, which restore life to the dying. The Lazarus Pits have considerably prolonged Ra's' life, making him particularly dangerous as he has honed his combat skills for centuries. Though primarily an enemy of Batman, Ra's has also come into conflict with [[Superman]] and other heroes in the DC Universe.
Ra's al Ghul has been featured in various media adaptations. The character was portrayed by [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] in the [[DC Animated Universe]], [[Liam Neeson]] in the [[The Dark Knight Trilogy|''Dark Knight'' trilogy]], [[Jason Isaacs]] in ''[[Batman: Under the Red Hood]]'', [[Dee Bradley Baker]] in the ''[[Batman: Arkham]]'' video game series, [[Matt Nable]] in the [[Arrowverse]] television series, and [[Alexander Siddig]] in ''[[Gotham (TV series)|Gotham]]''.
[[IGN]]'s list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time List ranked Ra's as No. 7.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ra's Al Ghul Is Number 7|url=http://www.ign.com/top/comic-book-villains/7.html|newspaper=IGN.com}}</ref>
==Publication history==
Created by editor [[Julius Schwartz]], writer [[Dennis O'Neil]] and artist [[Neal Adams]], he was introduced in ''Batman'' #232's "Daughter of the Demon" (June 1971).<ref name="McAvennie 2010 145"/> Adams discussed how he designed the character in a 2007 [[Wizard (magazine)|Wizard]] interview "First of all, Denny O'Neil started as a journalist, and so his experience with costume characters was always a forced experience.  When the idea came to Julie Schwartz that "we're kind of reviving old characters.  What do we want to do for a new character?"  Denny's tendency - and I understood it totally - was not to go to a costumed character with superpowers, but to go to a [[Professor Moriarty|Moriarty]] type.  When Denny presented it, here I was as a comic book artist who was used to doing fairly realistic stuff having to deal with, "Hey, no costume."  How do I make him unique?  Because after all, we are pandering to our audience a little bit.  How does he become unique?  So I sort of went down the list of things that I could do that didn't offend my sensibilities as an artist and as a person that lived in the world.  How do you make a person unique?  And then I realized there are people that look unique, that present their personality with their physiognomy - like [[Jack Palance]], for example.  Jack Palance is incredible to look at."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sites.google.com/site/deepspacetransmissions/interviews-1/2006-2010/wizard-194---grant-morrison-and-neal-adams-in-conversation | title=Wizard #194 - Grant Morrison and Neal Adams in Conversation - Deep Space Transmissions | access-date=2022-08-01 | archive-date=2022-01-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102173555/https://sites.google.com/site/deepspacetransmissions/interviews-1/2006-2010/wizard-194---grant-morrison-and-neal-adams-in-conversation | url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Character overview==
Raʼs al Ghul is an international criminal mastermind whose ultimate goal is a world in perfect environmental balance. He believes that the best way to achieve this balance is to [[Human population planning|eliminate]] most of [[human]]ity.<ref>{{cite book |last =Rovin |first =Jeff |title =The Encyclopedia of Supervillains |publisher =Facts on File |date =1987 |location =New York |isbn = 0-8160-1356-X |page=291}}</ref> Ra's usually tries to assault the world's human populace with a biological weapon, such as a genetically-engineered virus. He is aided in this quest by the Lazarus Pits, reservoirs of rejuvenating chemicals that restore the dead and dying to life; these pits have granted him a lifespan of several centuries. He regards Batman as his worthiest opponent, addressing him as "Detective" out of respect for his intellectual brilliance, and has frequently sought to make the Dark Knight his successor. He is one of the few criminals in Batman's rogues gallery to have deduced his [[secret identity]] as [[Bruce Wayne]], but keeps silent on the matter due to the same sense of respect for Batman. For his own part, Batman's opposition to Raʼs is complicated by both his own respect for al Ghul's genius (if not his goals and methods) and his attraction to his daughter, Talia, which she reciprocates.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Greenberger |first1=Robert |title=The Essential Batman Encyclopedia |date=2008 |publisher=Del Rey |isbn=9780345501066 |pages=305–307}}</ref>
==Fictional character biography==
===Origin===
Ra's al Ghul's real name, early life, and exact age have been described differently by various writers. His [[Crisis on Infinite Earths|Post-Crisis]] [[origin story]] is told in the [[graphic novel]] ''Batman: Birth of the Demon'' (1992) by [[Dennis O'Neil]] and [[Norm Breyfogle]]. This origin story is later revisited and amended in ''Batman Annual #26'' (2007) by [[Peter Milligan]] and [[David López (artist)|David López]] as part of the ''Batman: The Resurrection of Ra's al Ghul'' story arc. Most recent retelling origin story, ''Batman and Robin'' (vol. 2) #23.3 (2013) by [[James Tynion IV]] and [[Jeremy Haun]], references these prior iterations of al Ghul's origin while keeping common details that lead towards Ra's' adoption of the moniker (e.g. Ra's' occupation as a physician, his wife's death, and the annihilation of the Sultan's city).
As told in ''Birth of the Demon'', Ra's al Ghul (known only as The Physician prior to adopting the moniker) was born over 600 years before his first appearance in ''Batman'' comics, to a desert tribe in eastern [[North Africa]], near a wealthy city governed by a [[Sultan]]. Developing an interest in the sciences at an early age, Ra's abandoned his tribe to live in the city, where he focused himself on learning and experimentation. He subsequently trained as a [[Medicine in the medieval Islamic world|physician]] and married a woman named Sora.
Upon discovering the healing properties of the Lazarus Pit, Ra's managed to save the Sultan's dying son by lowering him into it. However, he is unaware that use of the Lazarus Pit can induce insanity, and the prince (who is already sadistic and cruel), emerges as a mentally unstable sociopath. He proceeds to fatally strangle Sora, on whom he has already had his eye for some time. The Sultan, unwilling to admit to himself his son's culpability, accuses Ra's of poisoning his son's mind and sentences him to a slow, tortured death in a cage with Sora's corpse.
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Batman232.JPG|thumb|Cover of ''Batman'' #232 (June 1971), the first appearance of Ra's al Ghul. Art by [[Neal Adams]].]] -->
Ra's is set free by the son of a dying elderly woman, who Ra's had earlier treated. The son feels that he owes Ra's a debt for easing his mother's suffering during her last few hours. Ra's and the son head into the desert to seek the tribe of Ra's' birth. Ra's convinces the head of his tribe, his uncle, to follow Ra's in his quest for revenge by promising the downfall of the oppressive Sultan. By understanding the [[germ theory of disease]] hundreds of years before anyone else, Ra's is able to infect the prince with a deadly virus by sending him contaminated fabrics. He then ambushes the Sultan when he leads soldiers to the tribe, murders him and his son, and proceeds to massacre the inhabitants of the city before razing it to the ground. Subsequently, Ra's declares himself "Ra's al Ghul", the "Demon's Head".
''Batman: Birth of the Demon'' provides a rough figure of 500 years for Ra's al Ghul's age. Due to living so long and being so old, he is assumed to have lost track of how old he is. ''[[Azrael (comics)|Azrael]]'' #6 (July 1995; written by [[Dennis O'Neil]]) places Ra's age closer to 450 years. As he tells [[Azrael (comics)|Jean Paul Valley]], "I appear to be a vigorous fifty. I am actually a very vigorous four hundred and forty-eight...or is it four hundred and fifty-three? I lost count during the [[Black Death|Black Plague]]. No matter". In ''Batman'' Annual #25 (published in 2006), Ra's al Ghul is described as a "700-Year Old International Terrorist". The 700 year plus mark is used again in ''Batman and Robin'' (vol. 2) #23.3 (2013), followed by Issue #30 of the same series where over a 1000-year time span is also described in Ra's' pursuit of [[Themyscira (DC Comics)|Themyscira]].<ref>"How did you find this island?" -Wonder Woman "It took me several tries over the last thousand years -- the directions were... incomplete. -Ra's al Ghul. Midway through comic book. Tomasi, Peter J. ''Batman and Robin'' #30. DC Comics, Inc., 2014.</ref>
Using the Lazarus Pits to extend his life, Ra's spends the next several centuries journeying the world. He fights in the [[French Revolution]] and the [[Napoleonic Wars]] and becomes a formidable warrior. As the world entered the [[modern age]] and [[industrialization]] began to cover much of the Earth, Ra's grew to despise the humans who he believed were destroying the world's natural beauty, thus setting him on a path of eco-terrorism. Also during this time, Ra's, his uncle, and Huwe, the son who freed Ra's from the Sultan's initial execution are all using the Lazarus Pits to prolong their lives until an incident in [[London]]. Ra's catches Huwe writing his own memoirs in their original [[Chinese language]], despite Ra's having forbidden him to reveal the secret of their immortality. During a battle, Ra's kills Huwe and flees to a Lazarus Pit, which he uses. When he returns to their home in London, his uncle has vanished with the remnants of their historical records.
Over time, he becomes a master of many forms of combat, notably fencing. He also builds up vast wealth and creates '''The Demon''', a huge international organization. According to ''[[Justice League|Justice League of America]]'' (1st series) #94:
{{blockquote|It has been whispered in the darkest places for 500 years that a cartel of criminals has slowly sucked its way into the rich veins of the Earth. Many are its names spit from the mouths of men, but most often it is cursed only as. The Demon. It has a leader. A Head.<ref>''Justice League of America'' Vol 1 #94</ref>}}
The [[League of Assassins]], one of the many smaller organizations making up The Demon, is thus sometimes called "The Demon's Fang" or "Demonfang".
In his earlier appearances, Ra's al Ghul's ethnic origins were subject to change depending on the depiction and writer. He is said to have [[East Asia]]n ancestry in accordance to ''Birth of the Demon'' and [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine/Eastern Roman]] as addressed by Talia al Ghul in ''Batman'' Annual #26. The significance of al Ghul's Eurasian profile is attributed to his known paternal heritage whilst his ambitions for world conquest is often compared and traced to the likes of [[Alexander the Great]]; an influence too shared by other family members such as Sensei<ref>"I raised you to be a new Alexander, a world conquerer... but you failed me over and over." -Sensei to Ra's al Ghul. Midway through the comic book. Morrison, Grant. ''Batman'' #671. DC Comics, Inc., 2008</ref> (''Batman'' #671 (2007) by [[Grant Morrison]] and [[Tony Daniel|Tony S. Daniel]]), Talia al Ghul,<ref>"Our child will be a new Alexander -- a leader --... I'll call you Damian. One day you'll rule the world." -Talia al Ghul. Near end of the comic book. Morrison, Grant. ''Batman, Incorporated'' #2. DC Comics, Inc., (2012).</ref> and Damian Wayne (''Batman and Robin'' (vol. 2) #0 (2012) by [[Peter Tomasi|Peter J. Tomasi]] and [[Patrick Gleason (artist)|Patrick Gleason]]) (the name "Damian" being derivative of "damianos", Greek for "to tame"). Most commonly depicted in source material with a dominant phenotype of fair complexion,<ref>First appearance of Ra's al Ghul, depicted in fair complexion in comparison to Bruce Wayne. O'Neil, Dennis. ''Batman'' #232. DC Comics, Inc., 1971.</ref><ref>First origin story told, later adapted/referenced throughout the main continuity. Comparison of Ra's' appearance and other Chinese tribesman (notably Huwe) provided throughout the comic book. O'Neil, Dennis. ''Batman: Birth of the Demon''. DC Comics, Inc., 1992.</ref><ref>Integral plot arc that leads to Ra's al Ghul's first supposed death, Ra's' fair complexion plays a role in issue #5. Rucka, Greg. ''Batman: Death and the Maidens''. DC Comics, Inc., 2003, 2004.</ref><ref>Ra's transferring his consciousness into his Albino son, Dusan. The first mention of this ability is mentioned by I-Ching and Ra's al Ghul throughout the pages of Batman (1940) #670 by Grant Morrison. This ability used before throughout the Leagues' history is insinuated. Dini, Paul. ''Detective Comics'' #839. DC Comics, Inc., 2008</ref> Ra's has also been able to opportunistically be involved in [[Western world]] global exploits such as the [[Age of Discovery|Age of Exploration]] (''Year One: Batman/Ra's al Ghul'' #2 (2005) by [[Devin K. Grayson]] and [[Paul Gulacy]]) and the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]] (''Batman: Death and the Maidens'' #5 (2004) by [[Greg Rucka]] and [[Klaus Janson]]). Ra's al Ghul's adoptive use of Arabic monikers and the language itself is a result of al Ghul's settlement and [[culture]]d history both in erudition and regional pursuit of Lazarus Pit/longevity sources most commonly unearthed throughout the [[Greater Middle East]] (e.g. The Well of Sins in the [[Arabian Peninsula]], ''Red Hood and the Outlaws'' #22 (2013) by James Tynion IV and Julius Gopez) to East Asia ([[Peaches of Immortality]], ''Year One: Batman/Ra's al Ghul'' #1). The use of Arabic monikers in particular (in regards to [[demon]]s) is used as a [[Fearmongering|scare tactic]] in Ra's' history promoting both his influence, and reign of [[Terrorism|terror]] throughout the Greater Middle East—his first eradication of a sultanate as described in ''Birth of the Demon'', the same actions insinuated to have been repeated in ''Batman and Robin'' (vol. 2) #23.3,<ref>"A demon in a dark tower. A creature who could crush a civilization in the palm of his hand. So feared by the local sultanates and caliphates that none dared speak his true name... they would not tempt his wrath." -Narration by Prince Gerhardt. Among first panels of the comic book. Tynion IV, James. ''Batman and Robin'' (2011) #23.3. DC Comics, Inc., 2013.</ref> and direct depiction in ''Death and the Maidens'' #4.
Aligning with Ra's al Ghul's character overview as an international environmental terrorist, in conjunction with the character's background being subject to different renditions from multiple writers; co-creator of the character, Neal Adams, has stated that the character has no specific regional/ethnic representation of any kind, necessarily.<ref>{{cite news|title= Watch: Batman Writers and Artists on Creating the Perfect Batman Villain|url=https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/watch-batman-writers-and-artists-on-creating-the-perfect-bat-villain}} 09:50 mark of YouTube video in article</ref>
{{blockquote| "...we created an equal to Batman, and that's what Ra's al Ghul is all about. He's not necessarily Arabic. He's not necessarily Eastern. He's not necessarily Western. He's not necessarily anything! He's just a villain and he's equal to Batman." - Neal Adams, via SYFY WIRE ''Batman at 80: How To Craft The Perfect Batman Villain''}}
In the 21st century, Ra's has explicitly been established as being of Chinese (though this may no longer be canon) and Arab ancestry. In the 2007-2008 story ''[[The Resurrection of Ra's al Ghul]]'', his father was revealed to be the DC Comics character the Sensei, a warrior and combat instructor who is a member of the League of Assassins. The Sensei is a [[Chinese people|Chinese]] man originally from the [[Hong Kong]] region. However, Ra's' relation to the Sensei may no longer be canon due to the reveal of his father being a part of the Pre-Flashpoint/Post-Crisis DC continuity that ended in 2011. In 2021, DC introduced Ra's' mother Rúh al Ghul, an [[Arab]] woman. Ra's and the rest of the al Ghul's Arabic heritage and connection to Arabic culture has been given greater emphasis since the late 2010s.
===Contagion and Legacy===
Ra's returns to prominence and comes dangerously close to realizing his dream of worldwide genocide in the [[Batman: Contagion|"''Contagion''"]] [[story arc]] of the Batman titles. His organization unleashes a deadly virus known as Ebola Gulf A (a.k.a. "The Clench") in [[Gotham City]], putting Batman in conflict with a force he seemingly cannot defeat. A cure is eventually located by Batman and his allies, though the mastermind behind the outbreak is not discovered until the follow-up story [[Batman: Legacy|"''Legacy''"]].
Learning that the Demon's Head still lives, Batman and his team circle the globe, preventing further outbreaks of the virus. Ra's allies himself with [[Bane (comics)|Bane]], the man who once crippled and nearly killed Batman. Ra's considers Bane a potential heir to his empire, despite his daughter Talia's distaste for the criminal mastermind. Eventually, Batman deduces a way to eliminate the Clench virus from an ancient "Wheel of Plagues" artifact whose knowledge has aided Ra's in the creation of the disease. The long-lived madman eludes justice again.
===JLA: Tower of Babel===
In the "[[JLA: Tower of Babel|Tower of Babel]]" storyline, in ''JLA'' #43–46, Ra's discovers Batman's contingency plans for stopping the other members of the [[Justice League|Justice League of America]], should they turn or be turned evil, and uses them to try to destroy the group. Meanwhile, Ra's steals the bodies of Batman's parents. This theft prevents Batman from realizing Ra's is using his traps until it is too late, as he is distracted by the search for the corpses of his parents.
Though defeated, Ra's does cause the temporary exit of Batman from the JLA, who now distrust the Caped Crusader. However, though some of the League resent Batman's plans, they eventually accept that the plans were created for the right reasons once Batman confirms that he trusts them by revealing his secret identity to the rest of the team.
Talia, disillusioned with her father, leaves the League to run [[LexCorp]] for former [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Lex Luthor]], before selling the company to Bruce Wayne for his [[Wayne Foundation]] to aid Batman and Superman's victory over Luthor. Ra's blames Batman for his failed relationship with Talia, and stages a plot where he tries to separate Batman from his heir, [[Dick Grayson]], shortly before Wayne officially [[adoption|adopts]] his former ward as his son. The plan fails, and Wayne and Grayson proceed with the adoption.
Ra's is also featured in ''[[Birds of Prey (comics)|Birds of Prey]]'' #31–35, where he has a romantic fling with the [[Black Canary]]. The superheroine is injured and healed in the Lazarus Pit, which also restores the Canary Cry she lost years earlier.
===Death and the Maidens===
In ''Death and the Maidens'' (2004), Ra's' other daughter, [[Nyssa Raatko]], furious at her father for abandoning her in a [[Nazi concentration camps|Nazi concentration camp]] during [[World War II]], begins plotting to destroy him, prompting Ra's to contact Batman to make a deal for access to a Lazarus Pit to give him the strength for a final confrontation with Nyssa; in exchange for the location of a Pit, Ra's provides Batman with a serum that will allow him to walk in the spirit world and speak with his parents. While Batman experiences his "vision", Nyssa befriends Talia and then kidnaps and brainwashes her. Nyssa plots to destroy all hope and optimism in the world by assassinating Superman with [[Kryptonite]] bullets she steals from the [[Batcave]]. While Batman stops Nyssa from killing Superman, he is unable to stop her from mortally injuring her father.<ref>''Death and The Maidens'' #8 (May 2004)</ref> A dying Ra's reveals that this is all part of his greater plan to ensure that his daughters will realize that he is correct in his perceptions about the world and what needs to be done to it, and that they would come to accept their [[destiny|destinies]] as his heirs. Ra's' plan works: both Nyssa and Talia become the heads of The Demon and the League of Assassins. Talia disavows her love for Bruce Wayne, and both sisters declare Batman their enemy. It is too late for Ra's, as Nyssa stabs her father through the heart, seemingly killing him for good. To ensure Ra's will not return, Batman oversees his nemesis' [[cremation]].
===''The Resurrection of Ra's al Ghul''===
{{Main|Batman: The Resurrection of Ra's al Ghul}}
{{multiple image
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| header    =
| width1    = 163
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| image1    = Batmanresurrection.jpg
| caption1  = Ra's al Ghul returns from the dead. Art by [[Tony Daniel]].
| image2    = Ra's al Ghul -White Ghost.jpg
| caption2  = Ra's al Ghul returns in the form of his own son Dusan al Ghul, Arabic: دوسان الغول, "The White Ghost". Art by Ryan Benjamin.
}}
In ''Batman'' Annual #26, Talia is prompted to read the history of Ra's al Ghul to her son [[Damian Wayne|Damian]] by a mysterious figure from Ra's' past: the White Ghost. Unbeknownst to her, the White Ghost plans to use Damian as a vessel for Ra's' return. However, mother and son escape before the plan is completed. After the escape, Batman confronts the White Ghost; he fights Batman, but accidentally falls into a Lazarus Pit.
As of ''Batman'' #670, Ra's al Ghul has returned, having evaded death by transferring his consciousness into the body of another. Because his host body is decaying from radiation poisoning, he needs to transfer his mind into another host body. His first choice is that of his grandson [[Damian Wayne]], but Damian escapes to alert his father.
Upon taking Ra's to a "Fountain of Essence", which contains the qualities of a Lazarus Pit, Batman is confronted with the sight of the [[Sensei (DC Comics)|Sensei]], who is revealed to be Ra's' father.<ref>''Batman'' #671 (January 2008)</ref> After defeating Ra's, Sensei fights and impales Batman with a cane. Determined to win, Batman drags the Sensei into the Fountain, where he is killed for not being a pure soul. Ra's, meanwhile, has taken over the body of a [[Nanda Parbat]] monk and departs. Healed by the Fountain, Batman emerges and yells for Ra's.
Ra's attempts to make amends with Batman after his resurrection, but Batman responds by crushing his decaying fingers. Ra's accepts this latest rebuke and, with the help of his men, overpowers Batman and captures Damian, who has arrived to try to help his father. Ra's attempts to take over Damian, but Batman breaks free just as [[Tim Drake|Robin]], Talia, [[Alfred Pennyworth]], and [[Dick Grayson|Nightwing]] arrive to save him. While the battle ensues at Nanda Parbat, the White Ghost takes Ra's to a secluded place, where he appears to accept the fact that his death is inevitable. The White Ghost is revealed as Ra's' estranged albino son Dusan, and offers up his own body instead. Ra's performs the transfer of souls, but the White Ghost apparently dies soon afterward. Ra's resumes the battle and attempts to kill Batman, but the monks at Nanda Parbat stop him and banish him from the temple.
Following his resurrection, Ra's al Ghul, in his new body, moves his base of operations to Gotham City where it is revealed that a remnant of his son Dusan's consciousness still remains within him. Since the White Ghost was his son, Ra's was able to use the resemblance between them to modify his new body's appearance to be more like his own, though he remains an albino. This arrogance contributes to the brazen move to Gotham and a subsequent ninja attack on Batman, which indirectly leads to the discovery of a map of all the known Lazarus Pit locations across the globe. Batman then infiltrates Ra's al Ghul's new Gotham penthouse headquarters and easily defeats his horde of ninjas and Ra's himself. To ensure Ra's is not a constant threat within Gotham City, Batman comes up with the false identity of "'''Terry Gene Kase'''", and plants it along with credible photos, medical records, and police records for both [[Blackgate Penitentiary]] and [[Arkham Asylum]]. Batman takes an unconscious Ra's directly to Arkham where it is believed he really is the prisoner "Terry Gene Kase", a criminal with multiple personality disorder who has just been transferred to Arkham to finish out multiple life sentences. Along with attaching false information and a false identity to Ra's al Ghul's file, Batman attaches a false prescription of potent medication that ensures slurred speech and next to zero mobility.<ref name=dc840 />
Despite these precautions, Ra's eventually escapes when the orderlies miss his dosage once, which allows him to become conscious enough to escape from Arkham.<ref>''Nightwing'' (vol. 2) #145 (August 2008)</ref>
===The Return of Bruce Wayne===
Ra's realizes that Batman has apparently died after [[Darkseid]]'s invasion during ''[[Final Crisis]]''. After confronting [[Nightwing]] with his knowledge, he and the hero eventually duel with swords. Nightwing defeats Ra's and earns the immortal's respect, signified by leaving his sword in the Batcave as a gift after their fight. Ra's refuses to believe his enemy's passing despite the evidence, leading him to be involved in the Red Robin's (Tim Drake) quest concerning the fate of the original Dark Knight. After Drake finds proof that Wayne is still alive but lost in time after his battle with Darkseid, the former Boy Wonder cripples Ra's' organization, the [[League of Assassins]], from within. In response, Ra's returns to Gotham to begin his attack to destroy every legacy of the Wayne Family. While his men target everyone close to the Waynes, Ra's makes a pact with [[Hush (comics)|Hush]] as part of his plans. Unknown to both men, Lucius Fox has already given Tim power of attorney leaving him in control of the Wayne Family resources.
Enraged, Ra's then engages Tim Drake in combat, which ends with Tim mocking Ra's by saying that there's nothing he can do to harm the Bat Family anymore; in response, Ra's smiles and says "Well done. Detective" (a name he has only ever reserved for Batman, Nightwing and Red Hood once before). He then proceeds to kick him out of a skyscraper window and retreats from the battle. Later, in seclusion, Ra's reveals everything which happened was a test for Tim Drake, from the league, the council, the Men of Death, and the plot against Bruce Wayne.
Learning of Bruce Wayne's return, Ra's muses that his next confrontation with the detective will be particularly interesting as he believes that Batman has at last had a taste of the immortality that Ra's himself enjoys.<ref>''Batman & Robin: The Road Back'' #1 (December 2010)</ref>
He goes after [[Vicki Vale]] and almost kills her. He spares her life only after she refuses to publish the identity of Batman and gets rid of all of the evidence she has to that effect. He also realizes that Vale may be a descendant of a French opponent, Marcel du Valliere, from centuries before; therefore, his business with her may not be finished.
===The New 52===
In ''[[The New 52]]'' (a 2011 reboot of the DC Comics universe), Ra's al Ghul appears in a hooded robe at the League of Assassins' city of 'Eth Alth'eban. He enters the Well of Sins after an encounter with [[Jason Todd]].<ref>''Red Hood and the Outlaws'' #24</ref> When he emerges, Ra's is consumed by the evil that corrupted the Untitled centuries before, and he feels compelled to rid himself of the machinations of his daughter and Ducra by killing Jason. At Ra's' command, the prisoners are brought to him, and he promises to use his newfound power to destroy them.<ref>''Red Hood and the Outlaws'' #25</ref> Red Hood engages Ra's, as Essence joins the battle. She insists that he will allow Jason and his friends to leave his realm, or he will be forced to die a mortal death just as he always feared he would. Despite having destroyed the All-Caste, Ra's al Ghul's actions have led to their eventual rebirth. Defeated, he swears that he will visit great agony upon Red Hood if he ever sees him again.<ref>''Red Hood and the Outlaws'' #27</ref>
Batman and Aquaman head to an island, where the League of Assassins are located, after Ra's has the bodies of Damian Wayne and Talia exhumed. Ra's had ordered the hunt of [[whale]]s, creating genetically altered super-humans in the wombs of [[sperm whale]]s, part of a plan to rebuild the League of Assassins. Inside the compound, they find that Ra's is wiping the hard drives clean, preventing data recovery. As his parting gift, he has left Batman the Heretics to keep him entertained. Batman fights his way to Ra's escape aircraft. He sees Talia and Damian's bodies stored within it, and clings to the fuselage from outside as the plane takes off. Though Ra's plans to go to Paradise Island, he is nearly surprised to see Batman pounding on the cockpit's windshield. From outside, Batman screams for Ra's to give back his son, but Ra's responds that he is blood of Damian's blood and the boy is in good hands. He orders the plane to tilt its angle, causing the wind shear to rip Batman from his purchase and drop down into the sea, where he is caught by Aquaman.<ref>''Batman and Robin'' (vol. 2) #29</ref>
Batman and Ra's then encounter [[Glorious Godfrey]].<ref>''Batman and Ra's al Ghul'' #32</ref> Glorious Godfrey's reason to come to Earth is to retrieve the Chaos Shard, a powerful crystal once belonged to Darkseid which Ra's al Ghul revealed was hidden inside the sarcophagus he crafted for Damian.<ref>''Batman and Ra's al Ghul'' #33</ref>
During ''[[Batman Eternal]]'', Bruce briefly speculates that Ra's is the mastermind behind most of the attacks against him that have left [[Wayne Enterprises]] bankrupt and Batman pushed to the limit. However, when he confronts Ra's, his foe reveals that, while he was invited to participate in the attack by the [[Cluemaster|true mastermind]], he rejected the offer as Ra's would prefer to destroy Batman when the Dark Knight believes that his legacy will be as eternal as Ra's, rather than tear him down in such a manner.<ref>''Batman Eternal'' #46</ref>
===DC Rebirth===
{{Update|date=August 2017}}
During ''[[DC Rebirth]]'', Ra's al Ghul is featured in ''Detective Comics'' issues #953-956 as part of the "League of Shadows" story arc, which runs from issue #951-956 (April–July 2017).
Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[Dark Nights: Metal]]'' issue #2 as a member of the Immortals, a group formed by the oldest beings in the multiverse. He participates in a discussion on how they will fight the [[Dark Multiverse]] invasion.
==Abilities==
===Skills, training, and resources===
Due to his expanded life span and longevity, Ra's has accumulated vast knowledge and abilities which exceed those of Batman. These include [[detective]] skills, [[chemistry]], [[physics]], [[military tactics]], [[economics]], and [[martial arts]], fully using his [[photographic memory]] to master all such skills. He has also gained many international contacts and an immense fortune over the course of centuries. When in combat, he favors more ancient weaponry (as he has had more time to master them than more modern weaponry) these weapons include [[scimitar]]s, [[katana]]s, [[spear]]s, [[Quarterstaff|staff]]s, [[bolas]], [[shuriken]]s, smoke pellets and miniaturized [[explosive]]s.
Ra's' greatest tools are his green Lazarus Pits, which heal any injury including recent death and restore the user to the prime of life, but cause temporary insanity (or for those already insane like the [[Joker (character)|Joker]], sanity).<ref>{{Cite comic| writer = [[Chuck Dixon|Dixon, Chuck]]| penciller = [[Jim Aparo|Aparo, Jim]]| inker = Cebolerro, John| colorist = James Sinclair, Noelle Giddings, [[Digital Chameleon]]| letterer = [[Bill Oakley (artist)|Oakley, Bill]]| editor = [[Andrew Helfer]], Harvey Richards| story = The Demon Laughs| title = [[Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight]]| volume = | issue = #142-145| date = June–September 2001| publisher = [[DC Comics]]| location = [[New York, NY]]| page = | panel = | id =}}</ref> His constant exposure to the pits has granted him slightly enhanced endurance, strength, and healing but also comes with the price of a gradual onset of insanity if overused.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Greenberger |first1=Robert |title=The Essential Batman Encyclopedia |date=2008 |publisher=Del Rey |isbn=9780345501066 |pages=230–231}}</ref>
===Magical and unnatural powers===
Along with his physical abilities and resources, Ra's al Ghul has been shown to possess a certain degree of proficiency with mysticism. In an effort to guarantee his continued existence, he has on several occasions demonstrated the ability to transfer his soul into the bodies of others, giving him a way to live on in the event that his physical body is destroyed and unable to be transported into a Lazarus Pit. The exact details of this process have remained inconsistent; at times it appears as though a complicated ritual is required to achieve this effect, while on other occasions he is capable of performing this feat on a whim, merely by making physical contact with his intended host.
In the ''[[New 52]]'', Ra's temporarily gains vast magical powers after bathing in the Well of Sins, the first Lazarus Pit.
==Family==
The following are members of Ra's al Ghul's family:
===Sensei===
Created by [[Neal Adams]] in 1968,<ref>''[[Strange Adventures]]'' #215 (November–December 1968)</ref> the '''[[Sensei (DC Comics)|Sensei]]''' was originally introduced as a high-ranking member of the [[League of Assassins]]. He was portrayed as an aged but highly skilled martial artist. During ''[[The Resurrection of Ra's al Ghul]]'', he is revealed to be Ra's al Ghul's centuries-old father and subsequently killed.<ref name="B671">''[[Batman (comic book)|Batman]]'' #671 (January 2008)</ref>
===Mother Soul===
Created by Joshua Williamson and Gleb Melnikov in 2021, Mother Soul is the mysterious head of the "League of Lazarus".<ref>''Robin'' Vol 3 #1</ref> In Robin (vol. 3) #7, she is revealed to be '''Ruh al Ghul''' (Soul of the Demon), Ra's al Ghul's mother.<ref>''Robin'' Vol 3 #6</ref>
===Nyssa Raatko===
Created by [[Greg Rucka]] and [[Klaus Janson]] in 2003,<ref>''[[Detective Comics]]'' #783 (August 2003)</ref> '''[[Nyssa Raatko]]''' ({{langx|ar|نيسا رعتكو}}) is Ra's al Ghul's oldest known daughter. She was born the only child to Ra's al Ghul's mistress Amina Raatko, also known as Lourdes in [[History of Russia (1721–1796)|18th century Russia]].<ref>''Batman: Death and the Maidens'' #3 (December 2003)</ref> She would later become a [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]] survivor.<ref>''Batman: Death and the Maidens'' #5 (February 2004)</ref> She is murdered by [[Cassandra Cain]] during the ''[[One Year Later]]'' storyline.<ref>''[[Robin (comics)|Robin]]'' #148 (May 2006)</ref>
===Dusan al Ghul===
Created by [[Peter Milligan]] and [[David Lopez (artist)|David Lopez]] in 2007,<ref name="BA26">''[[Batman (comic book)|Batman Annual]]'' #26 (October 2007)</ref> '''Dusan al Ghul''' ({{langx|ar|دوسان الغول}}) was Ra's' only known son. He was also referred to as Ash'Shabah Al-Abyad ({{langx|ar|الشبح الأبيض}}), meaning "the White Ghost". Though little is known about his past, it is stated that he was born out of a union meant to strengthen his father's hold over "some long-extinct people",<ref name="DC839">''[[Detective Comics]]'' #839 (February 2008)</ref> suggesting that he was older than Ra's' other children. As an [[albinism|albino]], he was never considered a potential heir to his father's empire.<ref name="DC839" /> He ultimately sacrificed himself to ensure his father's survival during the [[The Resurrection of Ra's al Ghul|Resurrection of Ra's al Ghul]] storyline.<ref name="DC839" />
===Talia al Ghul===
Created by [[Dennis O'Neil]] and [[Bob Brown (comics)|Bob Brown]] in 1971,<ref>''[[Detective Comics]]'' #411 (May 1971)</ref> '''[[Talia al Ghul]]''' ({{langx|ar|تاليه الغول}}) is Ra's al Ghul's daughter. Like Ra's, Talia's mother was a woman of mixed [[Chinese people|Chinese]] and [[Arab people|Arab]] ancestry<ref name="BBD">''Batman: Birth of the Demon'' (December 1992)</ref> named Melisande,<ref name="BSD">''[[Batman: Son of the Demon]]'' (September 1987)</ref><ref name="BI2">''[[Batman Incorporated]]'' (vol. 2) #2 (June 2012)</ref> who met Ra's at the [[Woodstock]] festival.<ref name="BBD" /><ref name="BI2" />
===Damian Wayne===
Originally appearing as an unnamed infant in the 1987 [[graphic novel]] ''[[Batman: Son of the Demon]]'',<ref name="BSD" /> the character was introduced as '''[[Damian Wayne]]''' or '''Damian al Ghul''' ([[Arabic]]: دميان الغول) by [[Grant Morrison]] and [[Andy Kubert]] in 2006.<ref>''[[Batman (comic book)|Batman]]'' #655 (September 2006)</ref> Damian is the son of [[Batman|Bruce Wayne]] and [[Talia al Ghul]], making him the grandson of Ra's al Ghul. He is an Heir to the Demon Head and expected to one day lead the League. Ra's raised him to be the new Alexander the Great. He is bred from birth to take and rule the world by his mother Talia al Ghul. He was very aggressive until he met his father, Batman. Batman taught him how to calm himself and trained him to be the new Robin. His genetic perfection marks him as the ideal host for his grandfather, who wants to take over his body.
===Mara al Ghul===
Created by [[Benjamin Percy]] and Jonboy Meyers, the character debuted in ''Teen Titans'' (vol. 6) in December 2016. '''Mara al Ghul''' is a granddaughter of Ra's al Ghul, daughter to the late Dusan al Ghul and a cousin to Damian Wayne. Introduced as an enemy to Damian, she was also raised by the League of Assassins. She and Damian were both members of the ''Demon's Fist'', an elite group within the League. Damian was supposed to lead the Demon's Fist, but Mara now leads the group instead since Damian chose to side with his father over the League. Mara hates Damian after he left her with a scar across her right eye during a training session when they were younger. Mara has not inherited her father's albinism; she has black hair with red [[Bangs (hair)|bangs]]. Like the rest of her family she is a skilled fighter, and is also noted to be a talented artist.
===Athanasia al Ghul===
'''Athanasia al Ghul''' is a character featured in the ''Injustice 2'' prequel comics and does not appear in the Prime Earth continuity. She is the daughter of Bruce Wayne and Talia al Ghul, sister of Damian Wayne and granddaughter of Ra's al Ghul. Athanasia is the secret daughter of Talia and Bruce and raised by Talia without Bruce or even Damian's knowledge. While Talia allowed Damian to become a hero and work with his father for a time, Talia kept Athanasia a secret from her father and raised her as a member of the League of Assassins.<ref>''Injustice 2'' #3</ref>
===Others===
Although he fathered children with several women, Ra's al Ghul has only two confirmed marriages. The first was to Sora,<ref name="BA26" /><ref name="BBD" /> whose death set Ra's on the path to becoming the "Demon's Head". The second was to Melisande,<ref name="BSD" /><ref name="BI2" /> Talia's mother.
Ra's also appears to have an unnamed sister<ref>''[[Bruce Wayne: The Road Home]]: Ra's Al Ghul'' (December 2010)</ref> or half-sister,<ref name="RR25">''[[Red Robin (comic book)|Red Robin]]'' #25 (September 2011)</ref> a female assassin belonging to a group called the "Daughters of Acheron", whose members share the same father.<ref name="RR25" /><ref name="RR24">''[[Red Robin (comic book)|Red Robin]]'' #24 (August 2011)</ref> Another member is a woman using the alias "Promise".<ref name="RR24" /> It is unclear if their common father, "Acheron", is in fact the Sensei (making them all Ra's' half-sisters) or if Ra's only has one half-sister on his mother's side.
In ''Batman and Robin'' #12, it is revealed that Talia has cloned her son, Damian who's known as "[[Heretic (comics)|The Heretic]]"<ref>''[[Batman and Robin (comic book)|Batman and Robin]]'' #12 (July 2010)</ref> The clone is, therefore, a grandson of sorts of Ra's al Ghul. Additionally, Nyssa once stated that she has given birth twelve times (only two of her children, Daniel and Hannah, are named),<ref>''Batman: Death and the Maidens'' #6 (March 2004)</ref> opening the possibility of Ra's having many other descendants, although most of Nyssa's family are murdered by the Nazis and Nyssa believes that her great-grandson Vasily (a Russian soldier who is reported to have been killed in the Middle East) was the last of her line.
''The Birth of the Demon'' features Ra's' uncle, who helps him avenge his wife and found the League of Assassins before they go their separate ways.
==Involvement with Batman==
After Talia encounters and falls in love with Batman in ''Detective Comics'' #411 (May 1971), Ra's begins to consider Batman as a possible heir. Ra's first deduces Batman's secret identity when he reasons the Dark Knight has to be rich, and learns only Bruce Wayne has bought the equipment a crime fighter would have; he is then ready to put Batman to a final test.
Ra's surprises Batman in the [[Batcave]], seemingly to enlist Batman's aid in rescuing both Talia and [[Dick Grayson]], the first [[Robin (comics)|Robin]], both of whom have apparently been kidnapped. Batman soon discovers the whole affair is a charade orchestrated by Ra's to test Batman, which he passes. Ra's asks Batman to become his heir, which Batman refuses, appalled by his genocidal plan to "cleanse" the world. This story was later adapted into a two-part story in ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]'' during its first season under the title "The Demon's Quest".
Despite being mortal enemies, Ra's al Ghul and Batman maintain some level of respect towards one another. Similar to [[The Riddler]], Ra's admires Batman's intellectual prowess first and foremost, regularly referring to Batman as "Detective" or "The Detective" when speaking to or about him. Despite being aware of Batman's true identity as Bruce Wayne since their first meeting, Ra's has never exposed that information to the public or Batman's other foes; Batman once attributed this to Ra's' personal code of honor, though Ra's has repeatedly used that knowledge to his own advantage when fomenting plans and contingencies against Batman.
In the story "Resurrection Night" in ''Batman'' #400, Ra's helps all of Batman's foes to escape from [[Arkham Asylum]] and the Gotham State Penitentiary, setting them on a plan to abduct certain individuals across [[Gotham City]] who are linked in one form or another to Batman. Ra's' true intent is to show Batman the folly of his efforts to protect a corrupt society which, to his mind, allows criminals to exist and flourish. Ra's eventually uses the Pit while still healthy, both increasing his strength and putting his life at risk, in an attempt to outmatch the Dark Knight. The plan backfires, as Ra's is left writhing in the pit, seemingly destroyed.
In [[Chip Zdarsky]]'s 2022 limited series ''[[Batman: The Knight]]'' set in the DC Prime Earth (the mainline DC continuity post-''Flashpoint'') continuity, Ra's, as well as Talia, are rewritten to have first met Bruce prior to him becoming Batman, with Ra's being Bruce's final mentor in his journey to become Batman. Ra's meets Bruce and his companion Minkhoa Khan, the future vigilante Ghost-Maker, on their travels and tells him that he is trying to save the world like they are, although Bruce quickly turns distrustful of Ra's as he soon finds that Ra's trains assassins. Like his original origin, Ra's christens Bruce as his right hand man, though this time he does so after Bruce defeats Minkhoa in combat. Ra's later reveals to Bruce his true intentions to use missiles to bomb numerous cities around the world, but Bruce reveals to Ra's that Minkhoa had already discovered them and told Bruce about them during their fight, which allowed Bruce to destroy the League's arsenal before Ra's could use them to harm innocents. Bruce fights Ra's and defeats him, but Ra's is rescued by Talia, who stabs Bruce and escapes with Ra's to parts unknown. Minkhoa rescues Bruce and leaves him the desert, which leads to Bruce returning home to Gotham City and becoming the Batman.
==Other versions==
* An alternate universe variant of Ra's al Ghul appears in ''Son of the Demon''.
* An alternate universe variant of Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[Superman & Batman: Generations]]''. This version forced Batman to aid him in an experiment that would allow a person to gain apparently permanent immortality from a Lazarus Pit; two souls enter the same Pit, but one would perish and another become immortal, with no way to know which would survive. With Bruce now in his late seventies and alone in Ra's's base, he agreed to the proposal, which led to Ra's dying in the Pit and Bruce being restored to the prime of his life, with an immortality that means he is eventually aging a year for every century. Bruce subsequently uses Ra's's resources to create an international humanitarian network, essentially turning his criminal empire into a force for good so subtly that most of the former workers believe it was a front for some future scheme before the front becomes the true organisation.
* '''Ra's Al-Apocalypse''', a fusion of Ra's al Ghul and [[Marvel Comics]] character [[Apocalypse (character)|Apocalypse]], appears in the [[Amalgam Comics]] universe.
* '''Rash Al Paca''', a funny animal variant of Ra's al Ghul, appears in ''[[Captain Carrot and His Amazing Zoo Crew!|Captain Carrot and the Final Ark]]''.
* An alternate universe variant of Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[Kingdom Come (comics)|Kingdom Come]]''. This version was killed under unspecified circumstances, leading his grandson [[Ibn al Xu'ffasch]] to revive him so he can help fight [[Gog (DC Comics)|Gog]].<ref>''Kingdom Come'' #4</ref> However, Ra's, [[Lex Luthor]], and [[Brainiac (character)|Brainiac]] all attempt to betray Ibn, leading him to kill Ra's again.<ref>''The Kingdom: Son of the Bat'' #1</ref>
* An alternate universe variant of Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[Batman: The Doom That Came to Gotham]]''. This version is a member of a cult that worships the demon Iog-Sotha.<ref>''Batman: The Doom That Came to Gotham'' #1</ref><ref>''Batman: The Doom That Came to Gotham'' #3</ref>
* An alternate universe variant of Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[Flashpoint (comics)|Flashpoint]]''. This version is a child and member of [[H.I.V.E.]]<ref>''Flashpoint: The World of Flashpoint'' #1 (June 2011)</ref>
* Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]''.<ref>''Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'' #1</ref><ref>''Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'' #3</ref><ref>''Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'' #4</ref><ref>''Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'' #5</ref><ref>''Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'' #6</ref>
* '''Quietus''', a fusion of Ra's al Ghul, Batman, and [[Duke Thomas (character)|Signal]] from the Dark Multiverse, appears in the ''[[Dark Nights: Death Metal]]'' tie-in ''Robin King''.<ref>''Dark Nights: Death Metal - Robin King'' (December 2020). DC Comics.</ref>
==In other media==
===Television===
====Animation====
* Ra's al Ghul appears in media set in the [[DC Animated Universe]] (DCAU), voiced by [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]].<ref name="btva2">{{cite web |title=Ra's al Ghul Voices (Batman) |url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/characters/Batman/Ras-al-Ghul/ |access-date=January 7, 2024 |publisher=Behind The Voice Actors}} A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its credits or other reliable sources of information.</ref>
** Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]''. This version has a son, Arcady Duvall (voiced by [[Malcolm McDowell]]), who in 1883 met and battled [[Jonah Hex]]. He was defeated and imprisoned for 50 years, becoming unable to be healed by Lazarus Pits. In the present day, Ra's regrets abandoning Arcady, so Batman allows the two to spend time together before his son dies.
** Ra's appears in ''[[Superman: The Animated Series]]'' episode "The Demon Reborn". As the Lazarus Pits have begun to lose their effect on him, he plots to siphon [[Superman]]'s energy with a Native American artifact to rejuvenate himself. He ultimately fails and dies, though Talia revives him and the two escape.
** Ra's appears in the ''[[Batman Beyond]]'' episode "Out of the Past". At some point prior to the original Batman's retirement, Talia assisted in defeating Ra's in the Near-Apocalypse of 2009. This battle left Ra's with irreparable injuries, leading him to transfer his mind into Talia's body. In the present, he manipulates Bruce Wayne into using the Lazarus Pit to restore his own youth before attempting to take over his body and control of Wayne Enterprises. However, he is thwarted by the new [[Batman (Terry McGinnis)|Batman]] and killed when the Lazarus Pit explodes.
* Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[Batman: The Brave and the Bold]]'', voiced by [[Peter Woodward]].<ref name="btva2" />
* Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[Young Justice (TV series)|Young Justice]]'', voiced by [[Oded Fehr]].<ref name="btva2" /> This version is a high-ranking member of the [[Secret Society of Super Villains|Light]]. In the third season, ''[[Young Justice: Outsiders|Outsiders]]'', Ra's is dismissed from the Light and loses control of the League of Shadows to [[Deathstroke]], but gains custody of [[Jason Todd]] and Damian Wayne.
* Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[Robot Chicken DC Comics Special III: Magical Friendship]]'', voiced by [[Dee Bradley Baker]].
* Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[Beware the Batman]]'', voiced by [[Lance Reddick]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2012-07-18 |title=Lance Reddick On Dr0ne, Fringe & More – |url=http://www.g4tv.com/videos/59899/lance-reddick-on-dr0ne-fringe-more/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629225526/http://www.g4tv.com/videos/59899/lance-reddick-on-dr0ne-fringe-more/ |archive-date=2017-06-29 |access-date=2016-09-23 |publisher=G4tv.com}}</ref> This version attempts to manipulate [[Katana (DC Comics)|Katana]] into killing Alfred Pennyworth to avenge her father Edogawa's death. She refuses, and Ra's prepares to kill both of them, only for [[Tobias Whale]] to arrive with Batman. Batman breaks free and engages Ra's in combat, ultimately defeating him by using his weapon to release the vengeful spirits of his enemies, who drag him into a bottomless pit.
* Ra's al Ghul appears in the ''[[DC Super Hero Girls (TV series)|DC Super Hero Girls]]'' episode "#LeagueOfShadows", voiced by [[Sendhil Ramamurthy]], while [[Jason C. Miller]] performs his singing voice. This version is an evil rock singer who wants to eliminate all evil in the world, starting with bad music. He mind controls [[Supergirl (Kara Zor-El)|Kara Danvers]] using red [[kryptonite]], but she is freed by [[Flash (Barry Allen)|Barry Allen]], [[Garth (comics)|Garth]], and [[Hal Jordan]], and Ra's escapes.
====Live action====
[[File:Ra's_al_Ghul_(Matthew_Nable).jpg|thumb|216x216px|Matt Nable as Ra's al Ghul in ''Arrow''.]]
* [[Ra's al Ghul (Arrowverse)|Ra's al Ghul]] appears in series set in the [[Arrowverse]], portrayed by [[Matt Nable]]. [[Liam Neeson]] expressed an interest in reprising his role from ''[[Batman Begins]]'', but was unable to due to scheduling conflicts. This version also has a history with Batman prior to meeting [[Oliver Queen (Arrowverse)|Oliver Queen]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Campbell |first=Evan |date=9 October 2014 |title=Liam Neeson Was Offered the Role of Ra's Al Ghul in Arrow |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2014/10/09/liam-neeson-was-offered-the-role-of-ras-al-ghul-in-arrow |access-date=16 May 2018 |website=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[News Corp (2013–present)|News Corp.]] |location=New York City}}</ref>
** The character first appears in the [[Arrow season 3|third season]] of ''[[Arrow (TV series)|Arrow]]'', after being alluded to in the previous two seasons. Ra's al Ghul is portrayed as a moniker passed between successors. As the League of Assassins' leader, and the father of [[Nyssa al Ghul (Arrowverse)|Nyssa al Ghul]] and [[Talia al Ghul (Arrowverse)|Talia al Ghul]], the current individual eventually approves training for both [[Malcolm Merlyn (Arrowverse)|Malcolm Merlyn]] and [[Sara Lance]] (The Canary). Ra's is later killed in battle with Oliver Queen.<ref>''Arrow'' Season 4 episode 13, Sins of the Father</ref>
** Ra's al Ghul's past self appears in ''[[Legends of Tomorrow]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Burlingame |first=Russ |date=December 18, 2015 |title=Exclusive: Matt Nable's Ra's al Ghul Coming to DC's Legends of Tomorrow |url=http://comicbook.com/2015/12/16/matt-nables-ras-al-ghul-coming-to-dcs-legends-of-tomorrow/ |access-date=December 18, 2015 |publisher=Comicbook.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Li |first=Shirley |date=April 1, 2016 |title='Legends of Tomorrow' recap: Left Behind |url=http://www.ew.com/recap/dcs-legends-of-tomorrow-season-1-episode-9 |access-date=April 1, 2016 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |publisher=[[Meredith Corporation]] |location=New York City}}</ref>
[[File:Alexander_Siddig_Ra's_al_Ghul.jpg|thumb|196x196px|Alexander Siddig as Ra's al Ghul in ''[[Gotham (TV series)|Gotham]]''.]]
* Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[Gotham (TV series)|Gotham]]'', portrayed by [[Alexander Siddig]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryant |first=Jacob |date=March 2, 2017 |title='Gotham' Casts 'Star Trek' Alum Alexander Siddig as Ra's al Ghul |url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/alexander-siddig-gotham-ras-al-ghul-1202000348/ |access-date=March 2, 2017 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]] |location=Los Angeles, California}}</ref> This version is an ally of the [[Court of Owls]]. He later allies with [[Jeremiah Valeska]], who also has ambitions of 'transforming' Gotham. They destroy the bridges out of town, isolating Gotham, but not before Ra's former lover and protégé [[Barbara Kean]] mortally wounds him.
===Film===
====Live action====
[[File:Ra's_al_Ghul_Henri_Ducard_(Liam_Neeson).jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Liam Neeson as Ra's al Ghul / Henri Ducard in ''[[Batman Begins]]'' (2005)]]
* [[Liam Neeson]] portrayed Ra's al Ghul in the [[The Dark Knight Trilogy|''Dark Knight'' trilogy]]''.''
** Ra's al Ghul first appears in ''[[Batman Begins]]''. This version is based in the [[Himalayas]] of [[Bhutan]] and dedicated to keeping order and justice in a world which it views as decadent and corrupt. He initially goes by the alias "'''[[Henri Ducard]]'''", while the Ra's al Ghul name is used by a decoy (portrayed by [[Ken Watanabe]]). Ducard acts as [[Bruce Wayne (Dark Knight trilogy)|Bruce Wayne]]'s mentor, teaching the stealth and martial arts training that his protégé will one day use as Batman. The real Ra's is eventually killed in battle with Batman.
** Ra's al Ghul next appears in ''[[The Dark Knight Rises]]'', with [[Josh Pence]] portraying him as a young adult.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011-06-16 |title=The Dark Knight Rises: Liam Neeson spotted filming in London |url=http://www.metro.co.uk/film/866505-the-dark-knight-rises-liam-neeson-spotted-filming-in-london |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017020136/http://www.metro.co.uk/film/866505-the-dark-knight-rises-liam-neeson-spotted-filming-in-london |archive-date=2012-10-17 |access-date=2016-09-23 |publisher=Metro.co.uk}}</ref><ref>[[Drew McWeeny|McWeeny, Drew]] (2012-08-27). [http://www.hitfix.com/motion-captured/our-second-look-at-the-dark-knight-rises-digs-into-the-bad-and-the-ugly "Our second look at 'The Dark Knight Rises' digs into the bad and the ugly"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703182903/http://www.hitfix.com/motion-captured/our-second-look-at-the-dark-knight-rises-digs-into-the-bad-and-the-ugly|date=2016-07-03}}. [[Hitfix]]. Retrieved on 2013-06-08.</ref><ref>Ryan, Mike (2012-07-22). [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mike-ryan/the-dark-knight-rises-batman-begins_b_1693770.html 'The Dark Knight Rises': Batman Begins, Again]. [[The Huffington Post]]. Retrieved on 2013-06-08.</ref><ref>Warner, Kara (2012-07-28). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120730005556/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1690726/dark-knight-anne-hathaway-marion-cotillard.jhtml 'Dark Knight Rises' Femme Fatales: An Appreciation]. [[MTV]]. Retrieved on 2013-06-08.</ref><ref>Wigler, Josh (2012-07-27). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120728054308/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1690627/dark-knight-rises-spoilers.jhtml 'The Dark Knight Rises' Again: Tips For Your Second Viewing]. [[MTV]]. Retrieved on 2013-06-08.</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Kit |first=Borys |date=2011-04-08 |title='Social Network' Actor Lands Role in 'Dark Knight Rises' (Exclusive) |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/social-network-actor-lands-role-176577 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> In an ancient part of the world, Ra's was a mercenary who worked for a local warlord. He fell in love with the warlord's daughter, and they secretly married. When the warlord discovers this, Ra's daughter Talia is condemned to a prison known as "The Pit".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tyler |first=Adrienne |date=February 24, 2023 |title=The Dark Knight Rises' Pit Has A Deeper Meaning Than You Think |url=https://screenrant.com/dark-knight-rises-pit-prison-meaning-explained/ |access-date=September 22, 2023 |website=ScreenRant |language=en}}</ref> During the film's events, Talia and Bane assume leadership of the League of Shadows after her father's death and travel to Gotham to finish his work.
====Animated====
* Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[Batman: Under the Red Hood]]'', voiced by [[Jason Isaacs]].<ref>{{cite news |title=New Batman DVD to peek out from 'Under the Red Hood' – Hero Complex – Los Angeles Times |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/herocomplex/2010/02/new-batman-dvd-to-peek-out-from-under-the-red-hood.html |work=The Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010-02-24 |title=Kate Jewell interviews Andrea Romano |url=http://www.comicscontinuum.com/stories/1003/02/andrearomano2.htm |access-date=2010-12-29 |publisher=Comics Continuum}}</ref><ref name="btva2" /> This version is responsible for [[Jason Todd]]'s resurrection. When Batman travels to his stronghold to question him, Ra's reveals that he had been planning to ruin Europe's economy by destroying its financial centers and had hired the [[Joker (comics)|Joker]] to provide Batman and Robin with a distraction, however, the Joker went rogue and killed Robin. Plagued with guilt, Ra's resurrected Jason via the Lazarus Pit, but the boy was driven insane and returned to Gotham City as the murderous vigilante Red Hood, intent on taking revenge on the Joker. Ra's is last seen watching the news bulletin about the Red Hood's disappearance and the Joker's return to [[Arkham Asylum]].
* Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[Son of Batman]]'', voiced by [[Giancarlo Esposito]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Sands |first=Rich |date=January 20, 2014 |title=First Look: It's Father's Day for the Dark Knight in Son of Batman |url=http://www.tvguide.com/News/Son-of-Batman-First-Look-1076369.aspx |access-date=September 23, 2016 |publisher=TVGuide.com |archive-date=January 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121214840/http://www.tvguide.com/News/Son-of-Batman-First-Look-1076369.aspx |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> This version is [[Damian Wayne]]'s mentor and possible father-figure who is killed by [[Deathstroke]].
* A demonic impersonator of Ra's appears in ''[[Justice League vs. Teen Titans]]'', voiced by [[Terrence C. Carson]].<ref name="btva2" />
* Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[Batman vs. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]'', voiced by [[Cas Anvar]].<ref name="btva2" /> He appears as a new partner of [[Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)|Shredder]] of the Foot Clan.
* Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[Injustice (2021 film)|Injustice]]'', voiced by [[Faran Tahir]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Couch |first=Aaron |date=2021-07-21 |title=DC's 'Injustice' Sets Cast for Animated Movie (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/injustice-gods-among-us-movie-dc-1234985568/ |access-date=2021-07-21 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> After [[Damian Wayne]] joins [[Superman]]'s Regime, he convinces the latter to ally with Ra's as they both share the goal of making the world safer. However, Ra's believes Superman to be unfit to rule and builds [[Amazo]] with the intention of killing and overthrowing him. After learning of this, Damian defeats Ra's with help from [[Dick Grayson]] as [[Deadman (character)|Deadman]].
* ''The Doom That Came to Gotham'' incarnation of Ra's al Ghul appears in the [[Batman: The Doom That Came to Gotham (film)|film adaptation]], voiced by [[Navid Negahban]].<ref name="btva2" />
===Video games===
* Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[Batman: Dark Tomorrow]]'', voiced by [[Don Leslie (actor)|Don Leslie]].<ref name="btva2" />
* Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[Batman Begins (video game)|Batman Begins]]'', with Liam Neeson reprising his role as "Henri Ducard" while the decoy is voiced by [[Fred Tatasciore]].<ref name="btva2" />
* Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[DC Universe Online]]''.
* Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[Gotham Knights (video game)|Gotham Knights]]'', voiced again by Navid Negahban.<ref name="btva2" /> This version previously killed Batman in a fight before being killed by the Batcave's self-destruct protocol. Following this, Talia al Ghul takes over the League of Assassins and incinerates Ra's body to prevent him from being resurrected.
====''Lego'' series====
* Ra's al Ghul appears as an unlockable character in ''[[Lego Batman: The Video Game]]''.<ref>''Game Informer'' features a two-page gallery of the many heroes and villains who appear in the game with a picture for each character and a descriptive paragraph. See "''LEGO Batman'': Character Gallery", ''Game Informer'' 186 (October 2008): 93.</ref>
* Ra's al Ghul appears as a boss and unlockable playable character in ''[[Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes]]'', voiced by [[Steve Blum]].
* The ''Batman Begins'' version of Ra's al Ghul / "Henri Ducard" appears as a playable character in ''[[Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham]]'' via downloadable content.
* Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[Lego DC Super-Villains]]'', voiced by [[JB Blanc]].<ref>{{cite web |title=LEGO DC SUPER-VILLAINS REVEALS DARKSEID'S VILLAINY IN ACTION IN NEW CLIP |url=https://mailchi.mp/mi5communications/lego-dc-super-villains-reveals-darkseids-villainy-in-action-in-new-clip-890165?e=49aaf48973}}</ref>
====''Batman: Arkham''====
Ra's al Ghul appears in the ''[[Batman: Arkham]]'' video games, voiced again by [[Dee Bradley Baker]].
* Ra's body and character bio appears in ''[[Batman: Arkham Asylum]]''.
* In ''[[Batman: Arkham City]]'', after Batman is infected with the Joker's poisoned blood, he collects a sample of Ra's blood to develop a cure.
* In ''[[Batman: Arkham Knight]]'', Ra's is weakened following his battle with Batman and only kept alive via Lazarus Pit injections. Depending on the player's choices, he either escapes in battle with Batman or is imprisoned at the Gotham City Police Department (GCPD).
====''Injustice''====
* Ra's al Ghul appears as an unplayable support card in the iOS version of ''[[Injustice: Gods Among Us]]''.
* Ra's al Ghul makes a non-speaking appearance in [[Black Adam]]'s ending in  ''[[Injustice 2]]''.
===Miscellaneous===
* Ra's al Ghul appears in ''[[The Batman Adventures]]''.<ref>''The Batman Adventures'' #1</ref><ref>''The Batman Adventures'' #4</ref>
* Ra's al Ghul appears in the ''[[Young Justice (TV series)|Young Justice]]'' tie-in comic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=''Young Justice'' #11 - The Pit... (Issue) |url=https://comicvine.gamespot.com/young-justice-11-the-pit/4000-307550/ |access-date=July 18, 2024 |website=Comic Vine |language=en}}</ref>
* Ra's al Ghul appears in the ''[[Arrow (TV series)|Arrow]]'' tie-in comics.<ref>''Arrow 2.5'' #12</ref><ref>''Arrow 2.5'' #14</ref>
* Ra's al Ghul appears in a crossover story between ''[[Batman '66]]'' and ''[[Wonder Woman '77]]''.<ref>''Batman '66 meets Wonder Woman '77''</ref>
* Ra's al Ghul appears in the ''[[Injustice 2]]'' prequel comic as the leader of the Suicide Squad.<ref>''Injustice 2'' #7</ref>
==Collected editions==
His stories have been collected into a number of [[trade paperback (comics)|volumes]]:
* ''Batman: Tales of the Demon'' (1991), collecting the original 1970s Ra's al Ghul stories by [[Dennis O'Neil]] and [[Neal Adams]]
* ''Batman: Birth of the Demon'' (1992) by [[Dennis O'Neil]] and [[Norm Breyfogle]], giving the origin of Ra's al Ghul
* ''JLA Vol. 7: Tower of Babel'' (2001), by [[Mark Waid]], in which Ra's goes up against the [[Justice League|Justice League of America]] ({{ISBN|1-56389-727-X}})
* ''Batman: Death and the Maidens'' (2004) by [[Greg Rucka]] and [[Klaus Janson]], giving the ultimate death of Ra's al Ghul ({{ISBN|1-4012-0234-9}})
* ''Year One: Batman – Ra's al Ghul'' (2005) by [[Devin K. Grayson]] and [[Paul Gulacy]], which takes place a year after Ra's' death in ''Death And The Maidens''
* ''Batman: The Resurrection of Ra's Al Ghul'' (2008) by [[Grant Morrison]], [[Peter Milligan]], [[Fabian Nicieza]], and [[Paul Dini]], chronicles Ra's al Ghul's resurrection.
* ''Batman Arkham: Ra's al Ghul'' (2019) by various, an anthology of stories featuring Ra's al Ghul from throughout the DC Universe.
==See also==
* [[List of Batman family enemies]]
* [[Algol]] – The name Algol derives from the Arabic رأس الغول ra's al-ghūl. The English name "''Demon's Head''" is a direct translation of this, as Ra's is head, Ghoul is Demon.
* [[Eurasian nomads]]
* [[Alexander the Great]]
* [[Fu Manchu]]
* [[Secret society]]
* [[Terrorism]]
* [[Eternal youth]]
* [[Mandarin (character)|Mandarin]]
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Wikiquote|Batman (comics)#Ra's al Ghul|Ra's al Ghul}}
* [https://www.dc.com/characters/ras-al-ghul Ra's al Ghul] at DC Comics' official website
* https://web.archive.org/web/20110716115839/http://www.spider-bob.com/villains/dc/RasAlGhul.htm
* http://www.batmantas.com/cmp/ras.htm
* http://www.worldsfinestonline.com/WF/batman/btas/bios/rasalghul/
* https://web.archive.org/web/20051126221806/http://www.unstable.com/whoswho/rasalghu.htm
* http://www.worldsfinestonline.com/WF/superman/episodes/TheDemonReborn/
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