View source for Rabelera

{{Short description|Species of plant in the carnation family Caryophyllaceae}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = ''Rabelera holostea''
| image = Stellaria holostea Grote muur.jpg
| image_caption = Distinctive deeply notched petals
| genus = Rabelera
| parent_authority = M.T.Sharples & E.A.Tripp
| species = holostea
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) M.T.Sharples & E.A.Tripp
|synonyms_ref=
|synonyms = {{hidden begin|title = List}}
*''Alsine holostea'' <small>(L.) Britton</small>
*''Stellaria holostea'' {{small|L.}}
*''Alsine scabra'' <small>Stokes</small>
*''Cerastium holosteum'' <small>Crantz</small>
*''Stellaria ciliata'' <small>Bubani</small>
*''Stellaria connata'' <small>Dulac</small>
*''Stellaria glauca'' <small>Salisb.</small>
*''Stellaria graminifolia'' <small>J.G.Gmel. ex Fenzl</small>
*''Stellaria holostea'' var. ''angustifolia'' <small>Rouy & Foucaud</small>
*''Stellaria holostea'' var. ''apetala'' <small>(Rostr.) Graebn.</small>
*''Stellaria holostea'' f. ''apetala'' <small>Rostr.</small>
*''Stellaria holostea'' subsp. ''hispidula'' <small>A.P.Khokhr.</small>
*'' Stellaria holostea'' var. ''micropetala'' <small>Svanlund</small>
*''Stellaria holostea'' var. ''minor'' <small>Delastre</small>
{{hidden end}}
}}
'''''Rabelera holostea''''', known as '''greater stitchwort''', '''greater starwort''',{{r|vascan}} and '''addersmeat''',{{r|usda}} is a perennial herbaceous [[flowering plant]] in the family [[Caryophyllaceae]]. It was formerly placed in the genus ''[[Stellaria]]'', as '''''Stellaria holostea''''', but was transferred to the genus '''''Rabelera''''' in 2019 based on phylogenetic analyses.{{r|sharples2019}}{{r|ipni}}{{r|weakley2020}}{{r|acta}} It is the only species in the genus ''Rabelera''. Greater stitchwort is native to [[Western Europe|Western]] and [[Central Europe]], including the [[British Isles]].
Greater stichwort can be found in woodlands, edges, and open fields{{r|twt}} and is sometimes grown in gardens.{{r|fowler2014}}
==Description==
Greater stitchwort can grow up to {{cvt|60|cm}} in height, with roughly 4-angled stems. The long, narrow ([[Glossary of botanical terms#lanceolate|lanceolate]]) leaves are greyish green, hairless, sessile, opposite, and [[decussation|decussate]] (the successive pairs borne at right angles to each other).{{r|stace2010}}{{rp|460}}{{r|blamey2003}}{{rp|90}}{{r|sterry1997}}
The flowers are white, {{cvt|2–3|cm}} across, with five petals split to about halfway the length of the petal. The sepals are much shorter than the petals.{{r|sterry1997}}{{r|waller1981}}
{{Gallery
|Stellaria along the RAVeL L47a in Sankt Vith, Belgium (DSCF5711).jpg|Flowers
|Greater Stitchwort (Stellaria holostea) (4514555134).jpg|Leaves
|Panemeria tenebrata - Small yellow underwing - Совка ясколковая (27206255688).jpg|With a small yellow underwing, ''[[Panemeria tenebrata]]''
}}
==Taxonomy==
===Etymology===
The specific epithet holostea comes from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''holosteon'', meaning 'entire bone'; a reference to the brittleness of the weak stems of this plant.<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/22870993 Pliny the Elder. Natural History. Book 27. Chapter 65]</ref>{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
===Common names===
The common name stitchwort is a reference to a herbal remedy in which this plant is used allegedly to cure [[side stitch]], which afflicts many people when they try to run without stretching first.{{r|firstnature}} Other common names for ''Rabelera holostea'' include: daddy's-shirt-buttons, poor-man's buttonhole, brassy buttons, wedding cakes, star-of-Bethlehem, and snapdragon.{{r|fowler2014}}{{r|twt}} Many of these names are in reference to the stems, which easily break.{{r|fowler2014}}
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=acta>{{cite web |title=''Rabelera holostea'' (L.) M.T.Sharples & E.A.Tripp {ID 7523} |url=https://www.floraitaliae.actaplantarum.org/viewtopic.php?t=27445 |website=www.floraitaliae.actaplantarum.org |accessdate=28 May 2020}}</ref>
<ref name=blamey2003>{{cite book|last1=Blamey|first1=M.|last2=Fitter|first2=R.|last3=Fitter|first3=A|year=2003|title=Wild flowers of Britain and Ireland: The Complete Guide to the British and Irish Flora.|publisher=A & C Black|location=London|isbn=978-1408179505}}</ref>
<ref name=firstnature>[http://www.first-nature.com/flowers/stellaria-holostea.php ''Stellaria holostea'' - Greater Stitchwort] Retrieved 15 May 2017.</ref>
<ref name=fowler2014>{{cite news |last1=Fowler |first1=Alys |title=Alys Fowler: stitchwort |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/may/24/stitchworts-alys-fowler |accessdate=28 May 2020 |work=the Guardian |date=24 May 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name=ipni>{{cite web |title=''Rabelera holostea'' (L.) M.T.Sharples & E.A.Tripp |url=http://ipni.org/n/77205026-1 |website=ipni.org |publisher=International Plant Names Index |accessdate=27 May 2020}}</ref>
<ref name=sharples2019>{{cite journal |last1=Sharples |first1=Mathew T. |last2=Tripp |first2=Erin A. |title=Phylogenetic Relationships Within and Delimitation of the Cosmopolitan Flowering Plant Genus Stellaria L. (Caryophyllaceae): Core Stars and Fallen Stars |journal=Systematic Botany |date=14 December 2019 |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=857–876 |doi=10.1600/036364419X15710776741440|s2cid=208176757 }}</ref>
<ref name=stace2010>{{cite book|last=Stace|first=C. A.|authorlink=Clive A. Stace|year=2010|title=New Flora of the British Isles|edition=Third|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, U.K.|isbn=9780521707725}}</ref>
<ref name=sterry1997>{{cite book|title=Complete British Wildlife|last=Sterry|first=Paul|year=1997|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|location=London|isbn=978-0-583-33638-3|page=240}}</ref>
<ref name=twt>{{cite web |title=Greater stitchwort|url=https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife-explorer/wildflowers/greater-stitchwort |website=www.wildlifetrusts.org |accessdate=27 May 2020}}</ref>
<ref name=usda>{{PLANTS|id=STHO2|taxon=Stellaria holostea|accessdate=1 December 2015}}</ref>
<ref name=vascan>{{cite web |vauthors=Brouillet L, Desmet P, Coursol F, Meades SJ, Favreau M, Anions M, Bélisle P, Gendreau C, Shorthouse D, etal |date=2010 |title=''Stellaria holostea'' L.|url=https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/4434 |website=Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN) |accessdate=27 May 2020}}</ref>
<ref name=waller1981>{{cite book|title=Nature Guide to the Lake District|last=Waller|first=Chris|year=1981|publisher=[[Usborne Publishing]]|location=London|isbn=0-86020-403-0|page=72}}</ref>
<ref name=weakley2020>{{citation |last=Weakley |first=Alan S. |authorlink=Alan S. Weakley |title=Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States |date=2020 |publisher=University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill}}</ref>
}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q93997618|from2=Q94303275|from3=Q157452}}
[[Category:Caryophyllaceae]]
[[Category:Flora of Europe]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]