View source for Ranchera

{{Short description|Genre of traditional music of Mexico}}
{{Infobox music genre
| name = Ranchera
| stylistic_origins = [[Mariachi]]
| cultural_origins = [[Mexico]]
| derivatives = [[corrido]]
| subgenrelist =
| subgenres =
| fusiongenres =
| regional_scenes =
| other_topics = {{hlist|[[Chilena (musical genre)|chilena]]|[[huapango]]|[[Jarabe Tapatío]]|[[zapateado (Mexico)|Mexican zapateado]]|[[mariachi]]|[[Norteño (music)|Norteño]]|[[Regional Mexican]]|[[son mexicano]]|[[Tejano music|Tejano]]}}
}}
'''Ranchera''' ({{IPA|es|ranˈtʃeɾa|pron}}) or '''canción ranchera''' is a genre of traditional [[music of Mexico]]. It dates to before the years of the [[Mexican Revolution]]. Rancheras today are played in the vast majority of [[regional Mexican]] music styles. Drawing on rural traditional folk music, the ranchera developed as a symbol of a new national consciousness in reaction to the aristocratic tastes of the period.{{citation needed|date= October 2022}}
==Definitions==
[[Image:Tumba de José Alfredo Jiménez.jpg|thumb|[[José Alfredo Jiménez]]' tomb in [[Dolores Hidalgo]], Guanajuato, attracts visitors from around the world.]]
The word ''ranchera'' was derived from the word ''rancho'' because the songs originated on the ranches and in the countryside of rural Mexico.
[[File:Aida-Cuevas-y-Lola-Beltran-1976_copy.jpg|left|thumb|[[Lola Beltrán]] and [[Aida Cuevas]] 1976]]
Traditional themes in rancheras are about [[love]], [[broken heart|heartbreak]], [[patriotism]] or [[nature]].
Rhythms can have a meter in {{music|time|2|4}} (in slow tempo: '' ranchera lenta'' and faster tempo: ''ranchera marcha''), {{music|time|3|4}} (''ranchera vals''), or {{music|time|4|4}} (''bolero ranchero'').{{citation needed|date= October 2022}}
Songs are usually in a major key, and consist of an instrumental introduction, verse and refrain, instrumental section repeating the verse, and another verse and refrain, with a tag ending. Rancheras are also noted for the [[grito mexicano]], a yell that is done at musical interludes within a song, either by the musicians and/or the listening audience.{{citation needed|date= October 2022}}
[[File:MiguelAM.gif|thumb|right|250px|[[Miguel Aceves Mejía]]]]
The normal musical pattern of rancheras is a–b–a–b. Rancheras usually begin with an instrumental introduction (a). The first lyrical portion then begins (b), with instrumental adornments interrupting the lines in between. The instruments then repeat the theme again, and then the lyrics may either be repeated or begin a new set of words. One also finds the form a–b–a–b–c–b used, in which the intro (a) is played, followed by the verse (b).  This form is repeated, and then a [[refrain]] (c) is added, ending with the verse.{{citation needed|date= October 2022}}
The most popular ranchera composers include [[Lucha Reyes (Mexican singer)|Lucha Reyes]], [[Cuco Sánchez]], [[Antonio Aguilar]], [[Juan Gabriel]] and [[José Alfredo Jiménez]], who composed many of the best-known rancheras, with compositions totaling more than 1,000 songs, making him one of the most prolific songwriters in the history of western music.{{citation needed|date= October 2022}}
Another closely related style of music is the [[corrido]], which is often played by the same ensembles that regularly play rancheras. The corrido, however, is apt to be an epic story about heroes and villains, or the narrator's lifestyle.{{citation needed|date= October 2022}}
== See also ==
* [[Rocío Dúrcal]]
* [[La Prieta Linda]]
* [[Vicente Fernández]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
* Brenner, H. (1996). ''Música ranchera. Das mexikanische Äquivalent zur Country and Western Music aus historischer, musikalischer und kommerzieller Sicht'' (''Música ranchera: El equivalente mexicano de la música country y la música del Oeste'') (Musikethnologische Sammelbände 14). Foreword by Thomas Stanford. Tutzing: Verlag Hans Schneider, 1996 {{ISBN|3 7952 0867 X}}.
==External links==
*[http://www.sobrino.net/mer/The_Ranchera.html Musical analysis]
*[http://canciones-letras.tripod.com/Norteno/indice_norteno.htm Northern ranchera lyrics]
*{{cite web|last=Erichsen|first=Gerald|title=German roots of Mexican Music|url=http://spanish.about.com/cs/culture/f/germanmusicqa.htm|access-date=12 April 2013}}
{{Music of Mexico|state=expanded}}
{{Music in spanish}}
[[Category:Ranchera| ]]
[[Category:Regional styles of Mexican music]]
[[Category:Mariachi]]