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{{Infobox settlement
|name                              = Realengo
|native_name                   =
|other_name                    =
|settlement_type              = Neighborhood
|image_skyline                 =Realengo praca.jpg
|imagesize                       =
|image_caption                =Praça de Padre Miguel (Father Michael Square) in Realengo.
|image_map                     =
|pushpin_map                  = Brazil Rio de Janeiro#Brazil
|pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Rio de Janeiro
|subdivision_type             = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name           = {{flag|Brazil}}
|subdivision_type1          = [[States of Brazil|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro (RJ)]]
|subdivision_type2          = Municipality/City
|subdivision_name2        = [[Rio de Janeiro]]
|subdivision_type3           = Zone
|subdivision_name3         = [[Rio de Janeiro#West Zone|West Zone]]
|subdivision_type4           =
|subdivision_name4         =
|leader_title                     =
|leader_name                   =
|established_title              =
|established_date             =
|area_total_km2                =
|population_as_of              =
|population_footnotes       =
|population_total               =
|population_density_km2   =
|timezone                          =
|utc_offset                         =
|coordinates                   = {{coord|22|52|51|S|43|26|15|W|region:BR|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes         =
|elevation_m                     =
|elevation_ft                     =
|website                           =
|footnotes                        =
}}
'''Realengo''' is a [[neighborhood]] in the [[Rio de Janeiro#West Zone|West Zone]] of [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]. The lower and middle-class neighborhood is between the [[Mendanha massif|Mendanha]] and Pedra Branca mountains.<ref name="Heroofficer">CNN Wire Staff. "[http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/americas/04/07/brazil.school.shooting/index.html?iref=obnetwork Hero officer kept Brazilian school massacre from being even worse]." ''[[CNN]]''. April 7, 2011. Retrieved on April 9, 2011.</ref> It is located between the mountains of Pedra Branca (White Rock) and Mendanha in the northern of the called [[Rio de Janeiro#West Zone|West Zone]] of the city, owned and named the XXXIII Administrative Region which encompasses the entire east around the neighborhood. Realengo usually has the highest temperatures in the city, even though the winter nights are often cold because of the proximity to the mountains. Created on November 20, 1815, every year on this day the city's birthday is celebrated with the Week of Realengo. [[Pedro I of Brazil]] and [[Pedro II of Brazil]] used to go to the farm of [[Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro|Santa Cruz]] (Saint Cross) by the ''Estrada Real de Santa Cruz'' (Royal Road of Santa Cruz), passing by Realengo, where they often stayed.
==Human Development Index==
According to a survey by the Instituto Pereira Passos (Pereira Passos Institute) and the [[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics]], in 2000 Realengo reached the 89th position in the rank of [[Human Development Index]] (HDI).
==Public Health==
State Hospital Albert Schweitzer serves a population of around 700 thousand inhabitants. The Realcordis Hospital is affiliated to Rede D'Or. São Miguel Hospital replaced the former Serv Baby Maternity and Hospital. There is also a unit of UPA 24H ([[Unidade de Pronto Atendimento]] 24 Horas - Emergency Service Unit).
==Nature==
Realengo still has remnants of rainforest that are home to endangered animals such as the [[Golden lion tamarin]], [[armadillo]], [[macaw]], crowned kinglet, [[Monkey Frog|monkey frog]], and plants like [[orchids]], [[bromelia]]s and other flora and fauna.  The [[Parque da Pedra Branca]] (White Rock Park), the door to the Maciço da Pedra Branca (Massif of White Rock) is found in sub-district Barata. Inaugurated on October 17, 2009 by Governor [[Sérgio Cabral Filho]], the government spent R$786,000.00 (seven hundred eighty-six reais) in equipment such as water tanks and springs, it also runs a post of Firemen to maintain order in the reserve.
==History==
The so-called Terras originated, according to some historians,{{Which|date=February 2012}} with the Carta Régia (Royal Charter) of June 27, 1814, by which [[John VI of Portugal]], also a prince, gave land grants in the Senate of Rio de Janeiro land situated in [[Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro|Campo Grande]] (Big Field).  These were called realengos, or royal lands, arising because of territorial conquest by the discovery of the country; they were not ordinary real estate. The land grant in what is now the '''Realengo''' neighborhood, center and periphery, was intended to serve only for grazing cattle, supplying meat to butchers in the city. These lands were banned from any sale by the disposition requiring that the Senate survey and prepare them to serve the purpose for which they were donated by that charter.
The village of Realengo was limited by the Senate of Rio de Janeiro, by the provision of July 18, 1814, taking over the Court of the lands tested on the Estrada da Santa Cruz (Road of Saint Cross) and depths of more than twenty fathoms. Despite the express prohibition of lease, sale or other disposition, the Senate, after a certain time, taking advantage of the charter of June 27 has all land granted for such reasons that in addition to the ordinance November 20, 1815 the Prince Regent known as royal notice, on December 20, 1815 that allowed only  the tenure of the party which was tested on the Estrada de Santa Cruz (and depths of 20 fathoms the maximum, not at all Realengo).
The neighborhood had its first settlers, slaves and immigrants from the Portuguese island of the [[Azores]], by order of the Prince Regent Dom João, later [[John VI of Portugal|Dom João VI]]. When they devoted themselves to agriculture for grazing leading products such as sugar, molasses, alcohol and rum, the port of Guaratiba. Research shows that there was only one mill in Realengo as everything was taken to undergo transformation into other properties.
On April 7, 2011, 23-year-old gunman [[Wellington Menezes Oliveira]] [[Rio de Janeiro school shooting|killed 12 students in his former school]]. The crime occurred in the Tasso da Silveira elementary public school, located in this neighbourhood.<ref>[http://www.mizozo.com/world/04/2011/07/wellington-menezes-oliveira-gunman-opens-fire-at-b....html Wellington Menezes Oliveira: Gunman opens fire at Brazil school]</ref>
==Geography==
===Climate===
{{Weather box
|location = Rio de Janeiro (station of Realengo, 1981—2010)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 40.5
|Feb record high C = 40.3
|Mar record high C = 39.5
|Apr record high C = 38.0
|May record high C = 35.6
|Jun record high C = 35.4
|Jul record high C = 35.5
|Aug record high C = 38.5
|Sep record high C = 40.6
|Oct record high C = 42.0
|Nov record high C = 40.3
|Dec record high C = 41.5
|year record high C = 42.0
|Jan high C = 32.6
|Feb high C = 33.3
|Mar high C = 32.5
|Apr high C = 30.8
|May high C = 28.1
|Jun high C = 27.7
|Jul high C = 26.9
|Aug high C = 28.0
|Sep high C = 28.0
|Oct high C = 29.2
|Nov high C = 30.4
|Dec high C = 31.3
|year high C = 29.9
|Jan low C = 23.5
|Feb low C = 23.5
|Mar low C = 23.1
|Apr low C = 21.3
|May low C = 18.4
|Jun low C = 16.8
|Jul low C = 16.4
|Aug low C = 17.4
|Sep low C = 18.2
|Oct low C = 20.0
|Nov low C = 21.3
|Dec low C = 22.6
|year low C = 20.2
|Jan record low C = 17.8
|Feb record low C = 16.9
|Mar record low C = 17.3
|Apr record low C = 13.7
|May record low C = 12.2
|Jun record low C = 9.0
|Jul record low C = 8.5
|Aug record low C = 9.8
|Sep record low C = 10.0
|Oct record low C = 11.6
|Nov record low C = 13.2
|Dec record low C = 16.5
|year record low C = 8.5
|Jan precipitation mm = 169.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 113.4
|Mar precipitation mm = 137.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 92.4
|May precipitation mm = 52.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 32.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 43.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 26.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 48.1
|Oct precipitation mm = 82.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 111.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 163.9
|year precipitation mm = 1074.8
|precipitation colour = green
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 12
| Feb precipitation days = 9
| Mar precipitation days = 10
| Apr precipitation days = 7
| May precipitation days = 7
| Jun precipitation days = 5
| Jul precipitation days = 5
| Aug precipitation days = 5
| Sep precipitation days = 9
| Oct precipitation days = 9
| Nov precipitation days = 9
| Dec precipitation days = 11
| year precipitation days = 98
|source 1 = [[Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia]] — INMET (climatic average of 1981-2010; temperature records of 1971-04-01 to 1976-10-31, 1986-06-01 to 1986-11-30 and 1999-01-01 to present)<ref name="NCB_1981-2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais2/index.php|title=Normais climatológicas do Brasil|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia|access-date=2018-03-23}}</ref><ref name="TempMínINMET_Realengo-RiodeJaneiroRJ">{{cite web|url=http://www.inmet.gov.br/projetos/rede/pesquisa/gera_serie_txt.php?&mRelEstacao=83801&btnProcesso=serie&mRelDtInicio=01/04/1971&mRelDtFim=31/12/2018&mAtributos=,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,|title=BDMEP - série histórica - dados diários - temperatura mínima (°C) - Realengo|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia|access-date=2018-05-30}}</ref><ref name="TempMáxINMET_Realengo-RiodeJaneiroRJ">{{cite web|url=http://www.inmet.gov.br/projetos/rede/pesquisa/gera_serie_txt.php?&mRelEstacao=83801&btnProcesso=serie&mRelDtInicio=01/04/1971&mRelDtFim=31/12/2018&mAtributos=,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,|title=BDMEP - série histórica - dados diários - temperatura máxima (°C) - Realengo|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia|access-date=2018-04-01}}</ref>
|date=February 2020
}}
==Education==
[[File:Escola Tasso da Silveira.jpg|thumb|Municipal School Tasso da Silveira after the [[Rio de Janeiro school shooting]]]]
Municipal School Tasso da Silveira is located in Realengo. As of 2011 the public school has about 800 students.<ref name="Heroofficer"/>
==References==
{{Portal|Brazil}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Rio de Janeiro city neighbourhoods}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Rio de Janeiro (city)]]