View source for Reca

{{other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Reca
| native_name             =
| other_name              = Réte
| settlement_type         = Village
<!-- images, nickname, motto -->
| image_skyline           = Reca - kostol Reformovanej cirkvi.jpg
| image_caption           = Reformed church in Reca
| image_flag              =
| image_shield            =
| motto                   =
| nickname                =
| etymology               =
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = Slovakia
| subdivision_type1       =
| subdivision_name1       =
| subdivision_type2       = Region
| subdivision_name2       = [[Bratislava Region|Bratislava]]
| subdivision_type3       = District
| subdivision_name3       = [[Senec District|Senec]]
| subdivision_type4       =
| subdivision_name4       =
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| image_map               =
| map_caption             =
| pushpin_map             = Slovakia Bratislava Region#Slovakia
| pushpin_relief          = 1
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location of Reca in the [[Bratislava Region]]
| coordinates             = {{coord|48|13|57|N|17|26|52|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes   =
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_name             = Zoltán Metzner
| leader_party            = [[SMK-MKP]]
<!-- established -->
| established_title       = First mentioned
| established_date        = 1256
<!-- area -->
| area_footnotes          =
| area_total_km2          = 9.92<ref name="area">{{Cite web |url=http://datacube.statistics.sk/#!/view/sk/VBD_DEM/om7014rr/v_om7014rr_00_00_00_sk |title=Hustota obyvateľstva - obce [om7014rr_ukaz: Rozloha (Štvorcový meter)] |language=sk |date=2022-03-31 |website=www.statistics.sk |publisher= Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic|access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi        = 3.83<ref name="area"/>
| area_land_sq_mi         =
| area_water_sq_mi        =
<!-- elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes     =
| elevation_m             = 124<ref name="base_info">{{Cite web |url=http://datacube.statistics.sk/#!/view/sk/VBD_SK_WIN/om5001rr/v_om5001rr_00_00_00_sk |title=Základná charakteristika |language=sk |date=2015-04-17 |website=www.statistics.sk |publisher= Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic|access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref>
| elevation_ft            = 407<ref name="base_info"/>
| population_as_of        = {{abbr|2021|Population: 2021-12-31. Population density & Total area: 2021-06-30/-07-01. Elevation, Postal code & Area code (last updated): 2015-04-17.}}
| population_footnotes    =
| population_total        = 1689<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://datacube.statistics.sk/#!/view/sk/VBD_DEM/om7101rr/v_om7101rr_00_00_00_sk |title=Počet obyvateľov podľa pohlavia - obce (ročne) |language=sk |date=2022-03-31 |website=www.statistics.sk |publisher= Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic|access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref>
| population_density_km2  = 168.58<ref name="pd">{{Cite web |url=http://datacube.statistics.sk/#!/view/sk/VBD_DEM/om7014rr/v_om7014rr_00_00_00_sk |title=Hustota obyvateľstva - obce |language=sk |date=2022-03-31 |website=www.statistics.sk |publisher= Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic|access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref>
| population_density_sq_mi= 65.09<ref name="pd"/>
| population_demonym      =
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| postal_code_type        = Postal code
| postal_code             = 925 26<ref name="base_info"/>
| area_code_type          =
| area_code               = +421 10<ref name="base_info"/>
| geocode                 =
| iso_code                =
| blank_name              = [[Slovak car registration plates|Car plate]]
| blank_info              = SC
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website                 = https://www.obec-reca.sk/
| footnotes               =
}}
'''Reca''' ({{langx|hu|Réte}}) is a [[village]] and [[municipality]] in western [[Slovakia]] in [[Senec District]] in the [[Bratislava Region]].
==Geography==
The municipality lies at an altitude of 124 metres and covers an area of 9.921&nbsp;km². It has a population of 1420 people.<ref>http://portal.statistics.sk/files/Sekcie/sek_600/Demografia/Obyvatelstvo/tabulky/pocet_obyvatelov/2012/poc_obyv_2012.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>
==History==
Pagan tomb-mounds excavated in an around Reca confirm the presence of Magyar mounted border guards from the 10th century.
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1256, and was part of the dominion of [[Matthew II Csák|Matthias Csák]], the magnate of [[Trencsén]]. Documents confirm that before Csak, during the reign of the early [[Árpád]] kings, the settlement was inhabited by [[castle warrior]]s ({{Lang|la|jobagiones castri}}) and controlled by the Count of [[Pozsony]]. The castle warriors of Reca developed into landowning lower nobility and Reca was a characteristic curial village of [[Pozsony County]] until the mid-20th century.<ref>Liszka, József: ''Narodopis Madarov na Slovensku'', Komarno - Dunajska Streda 2003</ref><ref>Korabinsky, Johann Matthias: ''Geographish-Historisches und Produkten Lexikon von Ungarn'', Pressburg 1786: "Wird von Edelleuten bewohnt", p. 602</ref>
During the Counter-Reformation in the 16th and 17th centuries, Reca (or Réthe, as it was then known) became the shelter of Bohemian and Moravian Protestants after the [[Battle of the White Mountain]], because the Reca gentry was not subject to [[Catholic]] [[Habsburg]] religious laws. An estimated five-sixths of the Bohemian nobility went into exile soon after the [[Battle of White Mountain]], and their properties were confiscated.<ref>[[Battle of White Mountain]]</ref> This period has left a [[Moravian Church|Unity of the Brethren]] Chapel in the village, containing pieces of rare ecclesiastical plate. After the city of [[Skalica]], Reca was one of the most significant locations in Royal Hungary for Czech exiles, with approximately 30 families settling there in the 17th century.<ref>Zbirkova, Viera: ''Reca: Ceski bratia v Reci koncom 17. a na zaciatku 18. storocia'' (Bratislava, 1996)</ref>
In 1878 Reca briefly became known as Nemes Réte, in line with some other curial villages (e.g. Nemes Dedina. It also adopted a peculiar coat of arms consisting of the Royal arms of [[Hungary]]).
The 1892 Directory of Hungarian Merchants (which covers roughly 10-15% of the working populace of the Hungarian part of [[Austria-Hungary]]) lists the heads of families in Reca engaged in trade. It mainly covers Jewish families living in Reca as craftsmen and shopkeepers, and heads of gentry families engaged in horse-breeding which they subsequently sold in nearby [[Senec, Slovakia|Senec]], [[Bratislava]] or [[Vienna]].<ref>Bukovszky, László: ''Mátyusföld II: Egy régió története a XI. századtól 1945-ig'', Komárom, 2005</ref> The largest families in the list are the Doka (7 [and long-serving representatives of the noble commune of Reca]), Fadgyas (3), Karátsonyi (4), Klebercz (3), Pomichal (6) and Prikkel (3).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radixindex.com/helyindex/rete.shtml|title = RadixIndex : Helyek : Rete}}</ref>
During the [[First Vienna Award]] in 1938, Reca once more became part of [[Hungary]], during the regime of admiral [[Miklós Horthy]]. In 1945 it was recovered by [[Czechoslovakia]]. A number of residents were affected by the [[Benes Decrees]] and tenthousands of Hungarian families were forced to move to Hungary and Czechia in 1947 as part of the colonisation of Slovaks in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.freeweb.hu/felvidek1947/data/hun/_rete.html |title=Felvidék 1947 Egyesület |access-date=2012-09-16 |archive-date=2008-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002003742/http://www.freeweb.hu/felvidek1947/data/hun/_rete.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Notable figures ==
The first individual known to documented history is Petrus Magnus de Réthe, a descendant of the original castle warriors, recorded in 1256 as a castle warrior of [[Bratislava Castle]].<ref>Teleki, József Count de Szék: ''Hunyadiak Kora: Magyarországon'' (Pest, 1863) p. 199</ref>
A 1395 document records John and Peter of Reca as having been {{Lang|la|homini regi}} (or royal judges) during the reign of [[Louis I of Hungary]] (1326-1382).<ref>Bukovszky, László: ''Mátyusföld II.: Egy régió története a XI. századtól 1945-ig'', Komarom 2005</ref>
In 1485, another John of Reca is recorded as judge ({{Lang|la|iuidex nobilium}}) of [[Pozsony County]].<ref>Bukovszky, László: ''Matyusfold II.: Egy régió története a XI. századtól 1945-ig'', Komárom, 2005</ref>
Nicholas of Reca was canon and vice-dean, and from 1489 to 1499 dean of the Chapter of Bratislava.<ref>Hlavackova, Miriam. ''Kapitula pri Dóme sv. Martina - intelektuálne centrum Bratislavy v 15. storočí'' (Bratislava, 2008)</ref>
Between 1504 and 1540, Andreas de Réthe was [[viscount]] ({{Lang|la|vice-comes}}) of [[Pozsony County]] ([[Bratislava]]).<ref>Lehotzky, Andreas: ''Stemmatographia Nobilium Familiarum Regni Hungariae, etc.'', Posonii 1796, p. 203</ref>
In the 17th century Péter Réthey was a ''[[Familiaris (Kingdom of Hungary)|familiaris]]'' (a Hungarian type of vassalage) of the [[Báthory family]], whose members were Kings of [[Poland]] and Princes of [[Transylvania]] at the time. In 1620 he gained the manor of [[Füzérradvány]] from [[Elisabeth Báthory]] and her husband [[Ferenc Nádasdy]]. Péter Réthey constructed a large fortified seat which today remains one of the largest in Hungary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nemzetimuemlek.hu/index.php/epulet/fuezerradvany/|title=Tárhely és domain regisztrálás olcsón - Cweb.hu™ - Tárhely - Domain}}</ref>
A notable 18th-century historical figure of Reca was [[György Réthey]], a former Imperial cavalry officer who fought for [[Francis II Rákóczi]], Prince of Transylvania and leader of the last major uprising of the Hungarian nobility against the [[Habsburg dynasty]] (see [[Rákóczi's War for Independence]]). Both György Réthey and his brother János defected from Imperial service and commanded hussar regiments under Rákóczi. In 1706, György Réthey led 3,000 men on an infamous attack on Styria, designed to plunder and pillage the local populace. 92 villages, two towns, and several castles were burned during the raid.<ref>Hengelmuller, Ladislas Baron von Hengervar: ''Hungary's Fight for National Existence'', London 1913, p. 299</ref> He also commanded his regiment at the [[Battle of Trencsén]] in 1708.
[[Ferenc Réthey]], another eminent supporter of Rákóczi, was, amongst other activities, captain of the medieval [[Szécsény]] castle (which was destroyed after the uprising), captain of [[Sirok]] castle and, towards the end of his career, captain of [[Eger]] fortress and [[Heves]] County.<ref>''Az Egri Múzeum évkönyve'': Dobó István Vármúzeum, 1963, p. 287</ref> On 8 December 1710 Ferenc Réthey and Miklós [[Perényi]] capitulated Eger to the Habsburg field-marshal Count [[Johann Pálffy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mek.oszk.hu/00000/00060/html/047/pc004737.html|title = A Pallas nagy lexikona}}</ref> It is unclear how closely Ferenc Réthey was related to György Réthey, as prior to the 19th century members of Reca nobility often used only their predicate of "Réthey" or "de Réthe" (meaning 'of Reca') in correspondence and identification, and not their original family names which distinguish individual family lines.
[[László Dóka]] was főszolgabíró (Chief Constable) of Pozsony County from 1837 and deputy Judex Curiae Regi (the Lord Chief Justice of Hungary) in the first half of the 19th century, and Sándor Dóka was acting Governor of [[Pozsony County]] at the beginning of the 20th.<ref>Dedek Crescens, Laszlo: ''Pozsony vármegye története'', Budapest, 1904</ref>
[[Marián Réthei Prikkel]] (1871-1925), a cleric, compiled the first substantial collection of Hungarian folk dances.<ref>Liszka, József: ''Narodopis Madarov na Slovensku'', Komarno - Dunajska Streda, 2003</ref> He also published one of the first monographs on the important early medieval Hungarian manuscript, the [[Pray Codex]].
[[Ferenc Réthey]] (1880-1952), a jurist and academic, was Count (Lord Lieutenant) of [[Moson]] County.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bfl.archivportal.hu/index.php?action=print&news_id=675|title = Budapest Főváros Levéltára &#124;}}</ref>
[[Richárd Pomichal]] (1951-2010), was a well-known and popular Hungarian writer, teacher and biologist, who published widely on the ecology of the [[Csallóköz]] (Rye Island, Inselschutt) region, as well as writing on Hungarian history and the effects of the [[Trianon Treaty]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ujszo.com/online/kozelet/2010/09/05/ongyilkos-lett-pomichal-richard |title=Öngyilkos lett Pomichal Richárd &#124; Új Szó Online |access-date=2012-09-16 |archive-date=2012-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311072836/http://ujszo.com/online/kozelet/2010/09/05/ongyilkos-lett-pomichal-richard |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.foruminst.sk/publ/szemle/2007_2/szemle_2007_2_pomichal-richard.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-12-28 |archive-date=2011-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930201842/http://www.foruminst.sk/publ/szemle/2007_2/szemle_2007_2_pomichal-richard.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[István Pomichal]] (1965, Reca), an agriculturalist, is a member of parliament and the autonomous Bratislava region for the [[Party of the Hungarian Coalition]], a party for the Hungarian minority in Slovakia<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mkp.sk/valasztas/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106:37-pomichal-istvan-fel&catid=35:kepviselk&Itemid=71 |title=37 - Pomichal István (Fél) |access-date=2010-08-09 |archive-date=2011-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719102347/http://www.mkp.sk/valasztas/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106:37-pomichal-istvan-fel&catid=35:kepviselk&Itemid=71 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Pomichal's pedigree cattle, bred on an estate in [[Tomášov]], has won a number of national and international gold prizes in Slovakia and Hungary.
==Historical descriptions==
[[Matthias Bel]]: ''The inhabitants are Hungarians, and not rustics: indeed, they are people both of noble birth and character (manners). They bread they eat is excellent and hospitality takes the first place there. They are proud of their ample herds and satisfied with the fruit of their farming.'' <ref>Bel Matthias: Notitia Hungariae Novae, Partis Secundae, Cis-Danubiane, Tomus Secundus (1736), p. 189</ref>
Vályi, András (1796): ''Hungarian village in Bratislava Castle County. Lord County Pálffy is the greatest landowner. The inhabitants are Catholics and Protestants, and the village is occupied by a number of nobles. It is half a mile from Puszta Födémes. The burghers of Bratislava send their young children to the village to learn the Hungarian language.''<ref>Vályi András. Magyar Országnak leírása (1796): http://www.arcanum.hu/fszek/lpext.dll?f=templates&fn=main-hit-h.htm&2.0 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716064223/http://www.arcanum.hu/fszek/lpext.dll?f=templates&fn=main-hit-h.htm&2.0 |date=2011-07-16 }}</ref>
Fényes, Elek (1851): ''Réthe, a populous Hungarian village in Bratislava Castle County, one hour east of Szencz. 491 Catholics, 49 Evangelical, 337 Reformed, 149 Jews. With a Reformed and Catholic church, and a synagogue. Large limits boundaries and beautiful expanse of fertile meadows, vast pastures, famous for sheep and cattle market. Many landowning nobles. One street leads to Cseklesz.''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fényes |first=Elek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PBkIAAAAQAAJ&dq=Magyarorsz%C3%A1g%20geographiai%20sz%C3%B3t%C3%A1ra%20By%20Elek%20F%C3%A9nyes&pg=PA1 |title=Magyarország geographiai szótára |date=1851 |language=hu}}</ref>
Liszka, József (2003): ''The squires of Reca formed an individual group in the Matyusfold region. This social class of the village, which consisted of both Reformed and Catholics, was wealthier than the average. Their wealth was clear because their dwellings looked like manor houses, they employed liveried coachmen and they sent their children to schools in Bratislava from the 19th century. Reca noble families were also distinctive for their behaviour and mentality. "The necessary honourable elegance and a keeping of a certain distance" remained alive even after there was no longer any justification of property, i.e. in the second half of the 20th century.''<ref>Liszka, J: ''Narodopis Madarov na Slovensku'' (2003, Komárom - Dunaszerdahely), p. 231 mek.oszk.hu/01600/01607/01607.pdf</ref>
== References in popular culture ==
Reca is the setting for the epic Hungarian film {{Lang|hu|Rákóczi hadnagya}} (1954), or "Rákóczi's Lieutenant" in English. The heroic officer in the film, Lieutenant János Bornemissza, is driven by his "patriotism to Hungary and love for the beautiful Anna Bíró from Reca". When Reca falls into ''[[labanc]]'' hands Anna is imprisoned and only rescued by Bornemissza at the end of the film.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0046259/ and http://port.hu/pls/fi/films.film_page?i_film_id=10049 {{User-generated source|certain=yes|date=March 2022}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116010355/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html |date=2007-11-16 }}
{{Senec District}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Villages and municipalities in Senec District]]
[[Category:Municipalities in Slovakia where Hungarian is an official language]]