View source for Rolex 12

{{Short description|Advisors to President Marcos, 1972 to 1981}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2013}}
'''Rolex 12''' is the collective name of twelve of the closest and most powerful advisers of President [[Ferdinand Marcos]] during the [[Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos|martial law years]] in the [[Philippines]] from 1972 to 1981.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20070921-89823/Before_%27Rolex_12%2C%27_there_was_%27Omega_5%27 |title=Before 'Rolex 12', there was 'Omega 5' |access-date=2022-06-02 |archive-date=2009-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421161258/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20070921-89823/Before_%27Rolex_12%2C%27_there_was_%27Omega_5%27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
During the latter years of his second elected term, Marcos conspired with various leaders of the [[Armed Forces of the Philippines|military]] and [[Philippine Constabulary]]. The goal was for Marcos to gain full authoritarian control of the country during his declaration of [[martial law]] in 1972. Marcos gave the military leadership powers during martial law, taking over from democratically elected officials and court judges.
The twelve were responsible for many [[human rights]] atrocities, although the extent of their responsibility is still being investigated. These atrocities include torture, murder, seizures of property, displacement from homes, and arrest and detention without due process.
The origin of the name Rolex 12 came from a widespread story and some sources that each associate received a [[Rolex]] [[watch]] from Marcos himself, although this remains unverified. Some contend that the gifts were actually [[Omega SA|Omega]] [[watch]]es, but despite this confusion, the name Rolex 12 stuck and is still used to refer to these twelve Marcos associates. Some of them fled with Marcos when he and his family left the Philippines in 1986, while [[Juan Ponce Enrile|Enrile]] and [[Fidel V. Ramos|Ramos]] were instrumental in the [[People Power Revolution | coup]] against him.
==Members of the "Rolex 12"==
*Tomas Diaz, [[Philippine Military Academy|PMA]]-Cl '51 - Vice Chief of the [[Philippine Constabulary]]<ref name="officialgazette-factfindingcommissionfinalreport">{{Cite web|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1990/10/03/the-final-report-of-the-fact-finding-commission-ii-political-change-and-military-transmition-in-the-philippines-1966-1989-from-the-barracks-to-the-corridors-of-power/|title=The Final Report of the Fact-Finding Commission: II: Political Change and Military Transmition in the Philippines, 1966 – 1989: From the Barracks to the Corridors of Power|website=[[Official Gazette (Philippines)|Official Gazette]]|date=October 3, 1990|accessdate=September 23, 2020}}</ref>
*[[Juan Ponce Enrile]] - [[Department of National Defense (Philippines)|Minister of National Defense]]<ref name="officialgazette-factfindingcommissionfinalreport" />
*Romeo Espino [[University of the Philippines|UP]]-[[Reserve Officers' Training Corps|ROTC]] - [[Chief of Staff]] of the [[Armed Forces of the Philippines|Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)]]<ref name="officialgazette-factfindingcommissionfinalreport" />
*Romeo Gatan - Chief of the [[Philippine Constabulary]] in [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]]<ref name="officialgazette-factfindingcommissionfinalreport" />
*Alfredo Montoya, [[Philippine Military Academy|PMA]] Cl-'51 -Chief of the [[Philippine Constabulary Metropolitan Command|Philippine Constabulary Metropolitan Command (METROCOM)]]<ref name="officialgazette-factfindingcommissionfinalreport" />
*Ignacio Paz, [[Philippine Military Academy|PMA]] Cl-'51 - Chief of the [[Armed Forces of the Philippines#AFP-wide Service Support and Separate Units|Intelligence Services of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (ISAFP)]]<ref name="officialgazette-factfindingcommissionfinalreport" />
*[[Fidel Ramos]], [[United States Military Academy|USMA]] Cl-'50; Honorary [[Philippine Military Academy|PMA]] Cl-51 - Commanding General of the [[Philippine Constabulary]] (PC), [[President of the Philippines|President]] of the Philippines (1992&ndash;1998)<ref name="officialgazette-factfindingcommissionfinalreport" />
*Jose Rancudo - Commanding General of the [[Philippine Air Force]] (PAF)<ref name="officialgazette-factfindingcommissionfinalreport" />
*Hilario Ruiz - Flag Officer in Command of the [[Philippine Navy]] (PN)<ref name="officialgazette-factfindingcommissionfinalreport" />
*Gen. Rafael Zagala - Commanding General of the [[Philippine Army]] (PA)<ref name="officialgazette-factfindingcommissionfinalreport"/>
*[[Fabian Ver]], Honorary-[[Philippine Military Academy|PMA]] Cl '51 - Chief of [[National Intelligence Coordinating Agency|National Intelligence Security Authority (NISA)]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lawphil.net/executive/execord/eo1987/eo_246_1987.html|title = E.O. No. 246}}</ref><ref name="officialgazette-factfindingcommissionfinalreport" />
*[[Eduardo Cojuangco Jr.|Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco Jr.]], Honorary [[Philippine Military Academy|PMA]] Cl-'51 - Governor of [[Tarlac]] (1967–1969), Chairman of [[San Miguel Corporation]] (1998–2020)<ref name="officialgazette-factfindingcommissionfinalreport" />
==See also==
*[[First Quarter Storm]]
*[[Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos]]
*[[Stolen wealth of the Marcos family]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{The Marcoses}}
[[Category:Presidency of Ferdinand Marcos]]
[[Category:Rolex]]
{{Philippines-hist-stub}}