View source for Roopmati

{{Short description|Indian poet}}
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[[File:Bazrupmati.jpg|alt=Roopmati|200px|thumb|right|Roopmati with [[Baz Bahadur]], Sultan of Malwa.]]
'''Rani Roopmati (kavi roopmati)''' was a Poet queen of Mandu and the consort of the [[Sultan of Malwa]], [[Baz Bahadur]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Safvi |first=Rana |date=2017-10-14 |title=For the queen of Malwa, with love |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/for-the-queen-of-malwa-with-love/article19862603.ece |access-date=2023-03-18 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jayamanne |first=Laleen |date=March 2013 |title=To sing and to dance, to think and to fight: an actor's second nervous system |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14649373.2013.745970 |journal=Inter-Asia Cultural Studies |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=26–43 |doi=10.1080/14649373.2013.745970 |s2cid=143526197 |issn=1464-9373}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Subhadra Sen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=loKuDwAAQBAJ&dq=Roopmati+adham&pg=PT4 |title=MAHAL: Power and Pageantry in the Mughal Harem |date=2019-10-20 |publisher=Hachette India |isbn=978-93-88322-55-3 |language=en}}</ref> Roopmati features prominently in the folklores of Malwa, which often describe the romance of the Sultan and his consort.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schofield |first=Katherine Butler |date=April 2012 |title=The Courtesan Tale: Female Musicians and Dancers in Mughal Historical Chronicles, c .1556–1748 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0424.2011.01673.x |journal=Gender & History |language=en |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=150–171 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0424.2011.01673.x |s2cid=161453756 |issn=0953-5233}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Archana Garodia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9MWMDwAAQBAJ&dq=Roopmati+invade&pg=PT66 |title=The Women Who Ruled India: Leaders. Warriors. Icons. |date=2019-04-20 |publisher=Hachette India |isbn=978-93-5195-153-7 |language=en}}</ref>
According to folklore, [[Adham Khan]] was prompted to conquer [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]] partly due to Roopmati's beauty.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Talbot |first=Cynthia |date=July 2018 |title=A Poetic Record of the Rajput Rebellion, c. 1680 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society/article/abs/poetic-record-of-the-rajput-rebellion-c-1680/36EE4BDBCF53E09D5E5D75D18EE98BB8 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |language=en |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=461–483 |doi=10.1017/S135618631800007X |s2cid=165460715 |issn=1356-1863}}</ref> When Adham Khan marched on the sultan's fort, Baz Bahadur and a small force met him and were defeated. Bahadur fled, after which Roopmati, believing he was dead, and unwilling to submit to Adham Khan, poisoned herself.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mayer |first=Adrian C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-T8nbM4LIb4C&dq=Roopmati+conquer&pg=PR13 |title=Caste and Kinship in Central India |date=1960 |publisher=Univ of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-00835-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Podder |first=Tanushree |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7xlAAAAMAAJ&q=Roopmati+beauty+conquer |title=Nur Jahan's Daughter |date=2005 |publisher=Rupa & Company |isbn=978-81-291-0722-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Keene |first=Henry George |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PYcfAAAAYAAJ&dq=Roopmati+beauty+conquer&pg=PA93 |title=A Sketch of the History of Hindustán from the First Muslim Conquest to the Fall of the Mughol Empire |date=1885 |publisher=W.H. Allen & Company |language=en}}</ref>
==Life==
[[File:The Defeat of Baz Bahadur of Malwa by the Mughal Troops, 1561, Akbarnama.jpg|thumb|200px|left|The defeat of Baz Bahadur by [[Mughal empire|Mughal]] troops, in 1561; Rani Roopmati and her companions view the scene from the terrace of the fort. Depicted in the ''[[Akbarnama]]''.]]
Baz Bahadur, ever so fond of music, was the last independent ruler of Mandu. Once out hunting, Baz Bahadur chanced upon a shepherdess frolicking and singing with her friends. Smitten by both her enchanting beauty and her melodious voice, he begged Roopmati to accompany him to his capital. Roopmati agreed to go to Mandu on the condition that she would live in a palace within sight of her beloved and venerated river, Narmada. Thus was built the Rewa Kund at Mandu.
Mughal Akbar decided to conquer Mandu. [[Akbar]] sent [[Adham Khan]] to capture [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]] and Baz bahadur went to challenge him with his small army. No match for the great Mughal army, Mandu fell easily.
Baz Bahadur fled to Chittorgarh to seek help. As Adham Khan came to Mandu, he was surprised by the beauty of Roopmati. Rani Roopmati stoically poisoned herself to avoid capture, bringing an end to the love story.<ref name=rewa>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiasite.com/madhyapradesh/mandu/rewakund.html |title=Rewa kund |access-date=20 June 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060314173016/http://www.indiasite.com/madhyapradesh/mandu/rewakund.html |archive-date=14 March 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Poems by Rani Roopmati==
In 1599, Ahmad-ul-Umri Turkoman, who was in the service of Sharaf-ud-Din Mirza wrote the story of Rani Roopmati in Persian. He collected 26 poems of her and included them in his work. The original manuscript passed to his grandson Fulad Khan and his friend Mir Jafar Ali made a copy of the manuscript in 1653. Mir Jafar Ali's copy ultimately passed to Mehbub Ali of Delhi and after his death in 1831 passed to a lady of Delhi. Jemadar Inayat Ali of Bhopal brought this manuscript from her to Agra. This manuscript later reached C.E. Luard and translated into English by L.M. Crump under the title, ''The Lady of the Lotus: Rupmati, Queen of Mandu: A Strange Tale of Faithfulness'' in 1926. This manuscript has a collection of twelve ''doha''s, ten ''kavita''s and three ''sawaiya''s of Rupmati.<ref>Khare, M.D. (ed.) (1981). ''Malwa through the Ages'', Bhopal: Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Government of M.P., pp.365-7</ref>
==Rewa Kund and Rani Roopmati pavilion==
The Rewa Kund is a reservoir built by Baz Bahadur at [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]], equipped with an aqueduct to supply Roopmati's palace with water. Today, the site is revered as a holy spot. Baz Bahadur's Palace was constructed in the early 16th century, and is notable for its spacious courtyard fringed with halls, and high terraces which give a terrific view of the lovely surroundings. Rani Roopmati's Pavilion was built as an army observation post. It served a more romantic purpose as Roopmati's retreat. From this picturesque pavilion perched on a hilltop, the queen could gaze at her paramour's palace, and also at the Narmada flowing by, below. Rani Roopmati's double pavilion perched on the southern embattlements afforded a view of the Narmada valley.
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Rupmati Pavilion 01.jpg|Rani Roopmati pavilion
File:Baz Bahadur's Palace 12.jpg|Baz Bahadur's palace
File:Rewa Kund, Mandu.jpg|Rewa Kund
File:A MESMERISING SUNSET @ RANI RUPMATI PAVILION.jpg|A mesmerising sunset at Rani Roopmati Pavilion
</gallery>
== In popular culture ==
The story of Queen Roopmati has been adapted into several films in India, including: ''Rani Rupmati'' (1931) by [[Bhalji Pendharkar]] and ''Rani Rupmati'' (1959) by [[S. N. Tripathi|S.N. Tripathi]] starring [[Nirupa Roy]] in the titular role.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen1999">{{cite book|last1=Rajadhyaksha|first1=Ashish|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofi0000raja|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema|last2=Willemen|first2=Paul|publisher=British Film Institute|year=1999|isbn=9780851706696 |access-date=12 August 2012|url-access=registration}}</ref> [[Kuldip Kaur]] played the role of the queen, portrayed as a dacoit, in the 1952 Indian film [[Baiju Bawra (film)|''Baiju Bawra'']] about the [[Baiju Bawra|titular poet]] during the Mughal period.<ref name="Open2">{{cite web|last1=Ayaz|first1=Shaikh|title=Sixty Years of Baiju Bawra|url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/cinema/sixty-years-of-baiju-bawra|access-date=16 September 2015|website=openthemagazine.com|date=18 April 2012 |publisher=Open Media Network Pvt. Ltd}}</ref>
==References==
===Notes===
{{reflist}}
===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin|40em}}
* {{cite book|title=Explore India: The Official Newsletter of the Ministry of Tourism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qk0sAQAAMAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Durga Das Publications Pvt. Limited}}
* {{cite book|author=Amiteshwar Ratra|title=Marriage and Family: In Diverse and Changing Scenario|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XV5iBV_pYm0C|year=2006|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|isbn=978-81-7629-758-5}}
* {{cite book|author=M. D. Khare|title=Malwa Through the Ages: Papers of the Seminar Held at Indore Museum on 7, 8, and 9 February, 1981|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A_ouAAAAMAAJ|year=1981|publisher=Directorate of Archaeology & Museums, Government of M.P.}}
* {{cite book|author=Seema Suneel|title=Man-woman relationship in Indian fiction: with a focus on Shashi Deshpande, Rajendra Awasthy, and Syed Abdul Malik|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x7BlAAAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Prestige Books|isbn=9788185218984}}
* {{cite book|author1=Sir Thomas Herbert|author2=John Anthony Butler|title=Sir Thomas Herbert, Bart: Travels in Africa, Persia, and Asia the Great : Some Years Travels Into Africa and Asia the Great, Especially Describing the Famous Empires of Persia and Hindustan, as Also Divers Other Kingdoms in the Oriental Indies, 1627-30, the 1677 Version|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=46NMAQAAMAAJ|year=2012|publisher=ACMRS (Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies)|isbn=978-0-86698-475-1}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Tiwari |first=Chandra Kant |year=1977 |title=Rupmati 'The Melody Queen of Malwa' |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=38 |pages=244–249|jstor=44139077 }}
* {{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/homes-and-gardens/afghan-architecture-in-sandstone/article23852537.ece |title=Afghan architecture in sandstone |date=11 May 2018 |work=The Hindu |access-date=18 September 2019}}
* {{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/monsoon-in-mandu-1334356-2018-09-07 |title=Monsoon in Mandu |last=Chand |first=Sharmila |date=7 September 2018 |work=India Today |access-date=18 September 2019}}
* {{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/mandu-in-madhya-pradesh-is-a-romantic-treasure-waiting-to-be-explored/as71184021.cms |title=Mandu in Madhya Pradesh is a romantic treasure waiting to be explored |date=18 September 2019 |work=Times Travel |access-date=18 September 2019}}
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[[Category:History of Malwa]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:Indian women folk singers]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian royalty]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian female royalty]]