View source for Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose

{{Short description|Famous sentence}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2016}}
[[File:Gertrude Stein 1935-01-04.jpg|right|thumb|[[Gertrude Stein]], 1935]]
The sentence "'''Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose'''" was written by [[Gertrude Stein]] as part of the 1913 poem "Sacred Emily", which appeared in the 1922 book ''Geography and Plays''. In that poem, the first "Rose" is the name of a person. Stein later used variations on the sentence in other writings, and the shortened form "'''A rose is a rose is a rose'''" is among her most famous quotations, often interpreted as meaning<ref>[https://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/15900.html] Meaning and Origin of this phrase</ref> "things are what they are", a statement of the [[law of identity]], "A is A."
In Stein's view, the sentence expresses the fact that simply using the name of a thing already invokes the imagery and emotions associated with it, an idea also intensively discussed in the [[problem of universals]] debate where [[Peter Abelard]] and others used the ''rose'' as an example concept. As the quotation diffused through her own writing, and the culture at large, Stein once remarked, "Now listen! I'm no fool. I know that in daily life we don't go around saying 'is a ... is a ... is a ...' Yes, I'm no fool; but I think that in that line the rose is red for the first time in [[English poetry]] for a hundred years." (''Four in America'').<ref>{{citation|url=http://www2.english.uiuc.edu/finnegan/English%20256/gertrude_stein.htm|title=Gertrude Stein|website=Department of English|publisher=University of Illinois|archive-url=https://archive.today/20030309141326/http://www2.english.uiuc.edu/finnegan/English%20256/gertrude_stein.htm|archive-date=9 March 2003|url-status=dead}}</ref>
She said to an audience at [[Oxford University]] that the statement referred to the fact that when the [[romanticism|Romantics]] used the word "rose", it had a direct relationship to an actual rose. For later periods in literature this would no longer be true. The eras following Romanticism, notably the modern era, use the word rose to refer to the actual rose, yet they also imply, through the use of the word, the archetypical elements of the romantic era.
==Mentions of "rose" in "Sacred Emily"==
The following lines appear at widely separated places in "Sacred Emily":
* ''It is rose in hen.''
* ''Jack Rose Jack Rose.''
* ''Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose.''
== Versions by others ==
[[File:Ambigramme Rose rose.png|thumb|[[Ambigram#Mirror ambigrams|Ambigram]] ''[[Rose]], rose''. Mirror symmetry.]]
*"Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose." ("Sacred Emily", ''Geography and Plays'')
*"Do we suppose that all she knows is that a rose is a rose is a rose is a rose." (''Operas and Plays'')
*"... she would carve on the tree Rose is a Rose is a Rose is a Rose is a Rose until it went all the way around." (''The World is Round'')
*"A rose tree may be a rose tree may be a rosy rose tree if watered." (''Alphabets and Birthdays'')
*"Indeed a rose is a rose makes a pretty plate...." (''Stanzas in Meditation'')
*"When I said.
:A rose is a rose is a rose is a rose.
:And then later made that into a ring I made poetry and what did I do I caressed completely caressed and addressed a noun."  (''Lectures in America'')
*"Civilization begins with a rose.  A rose is a rose is a rose is a rose. It continues with blooming and it fastens clearly upon excellent examples."  (''As Fine as Melanctha'')
*"Lifting belly can please me because it is an occupation I enjoy.
:Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose.
:In print on top." (''Bee Time Vine'')
== Variations by others ==
* "A rose is a rose is a rose" and its variants have been contrasted with [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare's]] "[[A rose by any other name would smell as sweet]]."<ref>{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cMNix5ICLKAC&pg=PA23 |title=Inner strengths |author=Claire Frederick, Shirley McNeal|year=1999 |isbn=9780805825732 }}</ref>
* The sentence was heavily promoted by Stein's life partner [[Alice B. Toklas]]; for example, she sold plates with the sentence going all the way around.
* It is told that Picasso answered to somebody asking the meaning of his paintings: "Go in the garden and ask the rose its meaning."{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}
* [[Robert Frost]] alludes to Stein's sentence in his poem "The Rose Family", from the [[1929 in literature|1929]] collection ''[[West-Running Brook]]''.
* "Evidente y secreto, como el diamante, como el agua, como el desnudo, como la rosa" ([[Juan Ramón Jiménez]], Madrid: Sánchez Cuesta, 1929<ref>{{Cite book|title=El andarín de su órbita|publisher=Emesa|year=1974|location=Madrid|pages=172}}</ref>)
* The sentence was [[parody|parodied]] by [[Ernest Hemingway]] after a brief time in [[Paris]] seeking editorial suggestions for his writing: "a stone is a stein is a rock is a boulder is a pebble." This also appears in his [[1940 in literature|1940 novel]] ''[[For Whom the Bell Tolls]]'', in which there is yet another parody: "a rose is a rose is an onion." After a (perhaps bitter) falling out, the sentence becomes, "a bitch is a bitch is a bitch is a bitch."
* The sentence appears in the [[1952 in film|1952]] [[musical film]] ''[[Singin' in the Rain]]'', in the musical number "Moses Supposes". While parodying a dialogue coach, the characters of Don Lockwood and Cosmo Brown sing: "...A Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose is / A rose is what Moses supposes his toes is / Couldn't be a lily or a taffy daphi dilli / It's gotta be a rose cuz it rhymes with mose!"
* The sentence appears in the 1952 Charlie Chaplin film  [[Limelight (1952 film)|''Limelight'']]. Chaplin's character expresses it as "The meaning of anything is merely other words for the same thing. After all, a rose is a rose is a rose. That's not bad. It should be quoted."
* [[Aldous Huxley]] paraphrases the quotation in his [[1954 in literature|1954]] book ''[[The Doors of Perception]]'', writing "A rose is a rose is a rose. But these chair legs were chair legs were St. Michael and all angels."  In his [[1958 in literature|1958]] book, ''[[Brave New World#Brave New World Revisited|Brave New World Revisited]]'', Huxley also referenced the quotation, writing, "An apple is an apple is an apple, whereas the moon is the moon is the moon."
* [[William Carlos Williams]] in a poem "The Pink Locust", appearing in his 1955 collection ''[[Journey to Love (William Carlos Williams)|Journey to Love]]'', quotes "a rose is a rose/ is a rose" as emblematic of the poet's self-deprecation in relation to life. Williams regards the phrase as a slogan of poetic [[tautology (rhetoric)|tautology]], denying the value of the creative act: the poet feels impotent and recognizes in her art merely a banal repetition of the words we use every day to represent the unrepresentable richness of the natural world. But the following lines of the poem offer an alternative view, one which Williams re-affirmed throughout his career: "A rose ''is'' a rose/ and the poem equals it/ if it be well made."
* In the 1960 [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] [[musical theatre|musical]] ''[[Bye Bye Birdie (musical)|Bye Bye Birdie]]'' (and its [[1963 in film|1963]] [[Bye Bye Birdie (1963 film)|film adaptation]]), the character of Albert Peterson refers to the saying in the song "Rosie", in which he sings, "Oh, I once heard a poem that goes / A rose is a rose is a rose / But I don't agree / Take it from me / There's one rose sweeter than any that grows!"
* In 1968, the Portuguese artist João Vieira (1934–2009) painted the oil on canvas ''Uma Rosa É'' [A Rose Is], a work later (1971) reproduced on the cover of ''Colóquio Artes'', # 1, a prestigious cultural magazine issued by Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisbon.
* In 1973 [[avant rock]] band [[Henry Cow]] sings "But a rose is a rose is a rose" on "[[Nine Funerals of the Citizen King]]".<ref>{{cite book |last=Piekut |first=Benjamin |title=Henry Cow: The World Is a Problem |title-link=Henry Cow: The World Is a Problem |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |year=2019 |page=68 |isbn=978-1-47800-405-9}}</ref>
* [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|UK Prime Minister]] [[Margaret Thatcher]] said in 1981 that "A crime is a crime is a crime" in reference to the actions of members of the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|IRA]]. The sentence has been used by other speakers as well, with the intended meaning of "no matter what you call it, criminal violence is criminal, and illegal."
* "A Rose Is Not A Rose" is a song written by [[Richard M. Sherman]] and [[Robert B. Sherman]] for the 1978 motion picture musical ''[[The Magic of Lassie]]'' and performed by [[Pat Boone]].
* [[Irving Stettner]] in his poem ''Singing'': "A rose is a rose/ is a rose", as Gertrude/ Stein once said,/ and when i sing/ yes, i'm a red rose/ like anything!"<ref>Irving Stettner, ''Hurrah!'' (Downtown Poets Co-Op, 1980), {{ISBN|978-0917402135}}.</ref>
* "Una rosa es una rosa es una rosa", the Spanish translation of Stein's verse, is the chorus of a song by the Spanish pop music group [[Mecano]] that appeared on their 1991 album, ''Aidalai''.  The pop-flamenco song tells the story of a man in love with a woman who by turns hurts and soothes him.
* [[Bret Easton Ellis]] sent up the sentence in his [[1991 in literature|1991]] [[novel]] ''[[American Psycho]]'', as narrator Patrick Bateman utters, "a Rolls is a Rolls is a Rolls" during one of his frequent materialist stream-of-consciousness tirades.
* ''[[A Rose Is Still a Rose]]'' was the title of a [[1998 in music|1998]] album by [[soul music|soul]] singer [[Aretha Franklin]] and a [[A Rose Is Still a Rose (song)|song]] from the album by Franklin and [[Lauryn Hill]]. The song, written by Hill, also contains the refrain, "What I am is what I am."
* In the liner notes to the [[1999 in music|1999]] [[The Magnetic Fields]] album ''[[69 Love Songs]]'', frontman [[Stephin Merritt]] credited the sentence as an inspiration for the songs "The Things We Did and Didn't Do" and "The Flowers She Sent and the Flowers She Said She Sent."
* [[Idlewild (band)|Idlewild]], a [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[rock music|rock]] band, wrote a song called "[[Roseability]]", which appeared on their [[2000 in music|2000]] album ''[[100 Broken Windows]]''. The song mentions Stein at the end of the chorus—"and Gertrude Stein said that's enough"—and features large portraits of Stein in the background of the [[music video]].
* The sentence is quoted by [[David Lodge (author)|David Lodge]] in his [[2001 in literature|2001]] novel, ''[[Thinks ...]]'', in the context of a debate between the fictional characters of Arthur Messenger (a cognitive scientist) and Helen Reed (a novelist).
* [[James Tenney]] made a skillful if short setting of "Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose" as a [[canon (music)|canon]] dedicated to [[Philip Corner]], beginning with an "a" on an [[Beat (music)#Downbeat_and_upbeat|upbeat]] rhythm and continuing so that each repetition shuffles the words, e.g. "a/rose is a rose/is a rose is/a rose is a/rose."<ref name="''A Rose is a Rose is a Rose is a Round'' (1968)">"''A Rose is a Rose is a Rose is a Round''" in Wannamaker, Robert, ''[https://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/?id=c043680 The Music of James Tenney, Volume 2: A Handbook to the Pieces]'' (University of Illinois Press, 2021), 81-84.</ref>
* [[Mordecai Richler]] in his novel ''[[Barney's Version (novel)|Barney's Version]]'' ridicules the stupidity of court speeches when the prosecutor ends his opening speech with "murder is murder is murder."
* [[Jeanette Winterson]] wrote in her novel ''Written on the Body'': "Sometimes a breast is a breast is a breast."
* "La rosa es una rosa es una rosa" is used in [[Fernando del Paso]]'s ''Sonetos con lugares comunes''.
* A song by [[Poe (singer)|Poe]] (Anne Danielewski), "A rose is a rose", states "a rose is a rose is a rose is a rose said my good friend Gertrude Stein."
* The computer game ''[[Carmen Sandiego (video game series)|Carmen Sandiego]]'' features a villain humorously named Rosa Zarrosas-Arroz.
* Jeff Smith in the issue 13 of the ''[[Bone (comics)|Bone]]'' series, Fone Bone's love poems begin with "a rose is a rose is a rose."
* [[William Burroughs]] wrote a linguistic variant: "the word for word is word."
* The Italian rock band Long Hair in Three Stages use the variant "Rain is rain is rain is..." in a song called "Nothing" and then the original version by Stein, "A rose is a rose is a rose..." in a song called "Rose."
* In the late-1980s, an American [[public service announcement]] featured a message regarding identical alcohol content in three alcoholic drinks—a beer, a mixed drink, and a shot of whiskey—with the sentence "A drink is a drink is a drink."
* In the "[[Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 1)#Episodes|Misleader]]" seventeenth episode of the first season of ''[[Law & Order: Special Victims Unit]]'', the character [[Detective Munch]] says, "a rape is a rape is a rape", implying that the bizarre nature of the rape he was investigating did not change the fact that a rape had occurred and that rape is still illegal.
* In the English radio series ''[[My Word!]]'', [[Frank Muir]] was called on to explain the origin of the sentence. His explanation: Nero and Cicero had rose gardens next to each other. The tender of Nero's garden had a mishap and destroyed a whole row of roses. So he sneaked over to Cicero's garden, stole a row from there and replaced the ones missing in his master's garden. However, they were white, while the ones in Nero's garden were pink or "rose-colored". When Nero saw this he wrote a note to the gardener: "Our roses are rose. Is a row Cicero's?" He has also rendered it as "Arrows sees Harrow's Ciceros" in a spin-off book ''You Can't Have Your Kayak and Heat It''.
* [[Julio Cortázar]] wrote in his novel ''[[Rayuela]]'' "A es A, a rose is a rose is a rose, April is the cruellest month, cada cosa en su lugar y un lugar para cada rosa es una rosa es una rosa..."
* [[Stephen King]] refers to "A rose is a rose is a rose..." in his popular fantasy series ''[[The Dark Tower (series)|The Dark Tower]]''.
* [[Helge Schneider]] shortens this sentence in German (title: "Eine Rose ist eine Rose ist", Album: ''29 sehr sehr gute Erzählungen'')
* South African bank [[Nedbank]] advertises with the slogan "A bank isn't a bank isn't a bank."
*[[Jonathan Safran Foer]] uses an altercation of the line "A rose is not a rose is not a rose!" and “A bullet’s a bullet’s a bullet!” in his 2003 book ''[[Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close|last=Safran Foer|first=Jonathan|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|year=2003|isbn=9780547416212|pages=144}}</ref>
* In the 2005 ''[[House (TV series)|House M.D.]]'' episode "[[Three Stories (House)|Three Stories]]", Dr. House gives a lecture on diagnosing leg pain, and states that "Leg is a leg is a leg", whoever the patient.
* Massachusetts hardcore-punk act [[Bane (band)|Bane]] uses the motif,  "a lie is a lie is a lie is a lie" in "Her Lucky Pretty Eyes", from their 1999 record ''[[It All Comes Down to This (album)|It All Comes Down to This]]''.
* Georg Friedrich alias "Schorsch" says in Michael Glawogger's 2009 film ''Contact High'' as he drives backwards because of seeing a Polish police car that "Bulln san Bulln san Bulln", which means that "Cops are cops are cops."
* In the 2010 movie ''[[Scott Pilgrim vs. the World]]'', Stephen Stills says: "A gig is a gig is a gig is a gig."
* [[Philip Jose Farmer]] had his character Omar Runic say "That a rose is a rose is a" in an extemporaneous poem he recites in the 1967 novella ''[[Riders of the Purple Wage]]''.
* In the 1968 film ''[[Where Eagles Dare]]'' Major Smith, played by [[Richard Burton]], says "... but what the hell, a hole is a hole is a hole, as they say."
* [[Vinícius de Moraes]], at "Rancho das Flores": "Que uma rosa não é só uma flor Uma rosa é uma rosa,  é uma rosa É a mulher rescendendo de amor." (A rose is not only a flower, a rose is a rose, and a rose is a woman exhaling of love.—not precise translation)
* In ''[[Tales of Symphonia: Dawn of the New World]]'', [[Marta Lualdi]] says "A thief is a thief is a thief!"
* In the 2011 ''Supernatural'' episode "The Man Who Would Be King", the character Crowley laments "a whore is a whore is a whore" to Castiel.
* In the novel ''Double Feature: Attack of the Soul-Sucking Brain Zombies/Bride of the Soul-Sucking Brain Zombies'' by [[Brent Hartinger]], Russel says: "Zombie guts are zombie guts are zombie guts" to Min and Gunnar.
* In ''Guardians of the Galaxy'' Vol. 3 Issue 8, Peter Quill says "a save is a save is a... save." to Abigail Brand when they are unexpectedly saved by Angela during their brief captivity at the Peak.
* In Laura Lemay's book ''Teach Yourself Java in 21 Days'', the difference between upper and lowercase variable names is illustrated by, "A 'rose' is not a 'Rose' is not a 'ROSE'."
* Richard Dennis wrote in "The Whizkid of Futures Trading" (''Business Week'', December 6, 1982, p.&nbsp;102): "'A trend is a trend is a trend', Gertrude Stein would have said if she were a trader..."
* Canadian Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]] has stated, "A Canadian is a Canadian is a Canadian."
* Former Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chretien said, "A proof is a proof is a proof."
* In the 2016 ''[[Blindspot (TV series)|Blindspot]]'' episode "Cease Forcing Enemy", [[Ashley Johnson (actress)|Ashley Johnson]] as Patterson talks [[Jaimie Alexander]] in landing a plane saying "A plane, is a plane, is a plane."
* In ''Tell Me Three Things'' by Julie Buxbaum the main character thinks "Ethan is Ethan is Ethan," an nth number of times.
* The title of Reto Geiser's book about Architectures and Collaborations of Johnston Marklee is ''House is a house is a house is a house is a house''.
* In the pilot episode of the HBO series ''[[Westworld (TV series)|Westworld]]'' (2016) the android character Peter Abernathy ([[Louis Herthum]]) utters the phrase to Ford ([[Anthony Hopkins]]) after malfunctioning.
* In [[Body Parts (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)|"Body Parts" (''Star Trek: Deep Space Nine'')]], the Rule of Acquisition No. 17: "A contract is a contract is a contract (but only between Ferengi)."
* In [[Rupi Kaur]]'s ''[[The Sun and Her Flowers]]:'' "a friend or a lover a loss is a loss is a loss."
* Visual artist [[Roni Horn]], in ''th rose prblm'' (2017),<ref>{{citation|url=http://steidl.de/Books/Th-Rose-Prblm-0016284451.html|title=Steidl}}</ref> refers to the subject.
*Abstract artist, [[Shane Guffogg]], created a series partly inspired by this phrase titled, ''A Rose is a Rose is a Rose'', in 2019 using oils on canvas.
*In the 1977 episode of [[M*A*S*H (TV series)|M*A*S*H]], "Margaret's Marriage", Hawkeye says "An affair is an affair is an affair."
*In the 2018 ''[[Ozark (TV series)|Ozark]]'' episode "Once a Langmore...", [[Jason Butler Harner]] as Agent Patty responds to Rachel's ([[Jordana Spiro]]) comment regarding his clumsy placing of the wire in her bra by saying, "A breast is a breast is a breast."
*In the English edition of his book ''Discourse Networks 1800 / 1900'', [[Friedrich Kittler]]  paraphrases Stein's formula: "A medium is a medium is a medium." (p. 229, p. 265)
*Bruno Munari's landmark design work ''Design as Art'' (1966) contains a section titled ''A Rose is a Rose is a,'' which begins with: "And then you go up to it and see, for the sake of argument, that it is an artificial rose. Then you become aware of the material it is made of... But at first glance you were certain of one thing only, that it was a rose."
*In the novel ''The Last Smile in Sunder City'' by Luke Arnold, the main character Fetch Phillips states "A cop was a cop was a cop." (p. 197)
==See also==
* [[Alliteration]]
* [[Law of identity]]
* [[Proof by assertion]]
* [[Rhetorical device]]
* [[Rule of three (writing)]]
==References==
<references/>
==External links==
* [https://writing.upenn.edu/library/Stein-Gertrude_Rose-is-a-rose.html Text of "Sacred Emily"]
{{Gertrude Stein}}
[[Category:Quotations from literature]]
[[Category:American poetry]]
[[Category:Identity (philosophy)]]
[[Category:Rhetorical techniques]]
[[Category:Gertrude Stein]]
[[Category:1913 quotations]]