View source for Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow

{{short description|Institute in Glasgow City, Scotland, UK}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox organization
| name           = Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow
| abbreviation   = RCPSG
| native_name    =
| logo           = Royal_College_of_Physicians_and_Surgeons_of_Glasgow_logo.jpg
| logo_size      = 300
| established    = 1599
| founder        =[[Peter Lowe (surgeon)|Peter Lowe]]
| location       = Glasgow
| coords           = {{Coord|55.86241|-4.263446|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}}
| leader_title       = President
| leader_name = Mike McKirdy <ref>{{cite web |url=https://rcpsg.ac.uk/college/speaking-up-for-the-profession/news-and-statements/professor-jackie-taylor-hands-over-presidency-of-the-college-to-mr-mike-mckirdy |title=Professor Jackie Taylor hands over Presidency of the College to Mr Mike McKirdy  |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=7 December 2021|website= Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons Glasgow|access-date= 5 January 2022}}</ref>
| staff               =
| staff_year      =
| website        = {{URL|https://www.rcpsg.ac.uk}}
}}
The '''Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow''' is an institute of [[physician]]s and [[surgeon]]s in [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]].
[[File:The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, 232-242 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Scotland.JPG|thumb|The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, 232–242 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Scotland]]
Founded by [[Peter Lowe (surgeon)|Peter Lowe]] after receiving a [[royal charter]] by [[James VI]] in 1599, as the  '''Glasgow Faculty''', it originally existed as a regulatory authority to ensure that [[physicians]], [[surgeons]] and [[dentist]]s In the West of Scotland were appropriately trained and regulated.  In 1909, it achieved royal recognition and became the  '''Royal Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow''' (RFPSG). In 1962, following agreement with the other medical and surgical [[medical royal college|royal college]]s in the UK it achieved collegiate status as the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow (RCPSG), by which name it is known today.<ref>[http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/321/7260/577 BMJ review of two books on the history of the RCPSG]</ref>
The college, in combination with the [[Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh]] and the [[Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh]] provided a primary medical qualification which entitled the bearer to practice medicine, and was registerable with the [[General Medical Council]] as a primary medical qualification the [[Triple Qualification]] diploma (LRCP (Edinburgh), LRCS (Edinburgh), LRCPSG). From 1994, until the abolition of non-university qualifying examinations in 1999, this was offered through the [[United Examining Board]]. Until 1948 the Faculty (as it then was) provided dental education via the Glasgow Dental School awarding the qualification of LDS RFPSG. Since 1948 training in dentistry has been provided by the University of Glasgow who award the BDS degree.
The College is now concerned with postgraduate medical education, offering examinations that lead to Membership and Fellowship to appropriately qualified [[physicians]], [[surgeons]], [[dentists|dental surgeons]] and [[podiatrists]]. They also offer a number of specialist postgraduate diplomas to medical practitioners in various subjects including dermatology, child health, geriatric medicine, travel health, ophthalmology, and dentistry.
==History==
The college was founded in 1599, by a royal charter from King [[James VI]] of Scotland.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DnhAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qJsMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4456%2C4407309 |title=Glasgow Medicine's 360 years |first=Archibald L. |last=Goodall |work=The Glasgow Herald |date=1 June 1960 |page=8 |access-date=15 May 2017}}</ref> The Charter was granted to [[Peter Lowe (surgeon)|Peter Lowe]], a surgeon who trained in France, and author of The Whole Course of Chirurgerie (1597), and Robert Hamilton, a Scottish physician. The Charter also mentions by name the apothecary William Spang, who was granted the power to inspect and regulate the sale of drugs in the town.<ref>{{cite web|title=Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow|url=https://rcpsg.ac.uk/library/collections/archive-collections/396-royal-college-of-physicians-and-surgeons-of-glasgow|website=rcpsg.ac.uk|access-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> The College originally had no corporate name but became known as the Facultie (1629), then the Facultie of Chyrurgeons and Physitians (1654). By the end of the 17th century the name was established as the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow. Powers were granted to examine and regulate surgical practice in the baronies of Glasgow, Renfrew and Dumbarton, and the districts or sheriffdoms of Clydesdale, Renfrew, Lanark, Kyle, Carrick, Ayr and Cunningham. Physicians were admitted on production of their [[Doctor of Medicine|MD diploma]].<ref name="Geyer-Kordesch & Mcdonald">{{cite book|last1=Geyer-Kordesch|first1=J.|last2=Mcdonald|first2=F.|title=Physicians and surgeons of Glasgow: the history of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, 1599 – 1858|date=1999|publisher=The Hambledon Press|location=London|isbn=9781852851866}}</ref>
The faculty was incorporated with the town council to gain burgh privileges in 1656, and purchased a property on the Trongate in 1697. This was demolished and a purpose-built Faculty Hall was erected on the site in 1698. The Faculty Library was also founded in 1698. In 1791, the faculty moved to a new hall in [[St Enoch Square]] and in 1862 to their current property on [[St. Vincent Street]], part of the New Town lands developed by [[William Harley]] of [[Blythswood Square]]. In 1909, the Faculty was allowed to add the prefix "royal" to its name; and in 1962 the name was again changed to the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow to bring it into line with its sister corporations.<ref name="Hull & Geyer-Kordesch">{{cite book|last1=Hull|first1=A.|last2=Geyer-Kordesch|first2=J.|title=The shaping of the medical profession : the history of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, 1858–1999|date=1999|publisher=The Hambledon Press|location=London|isbn=9781852851873}}</ref>
The faculty was unique in that it included the professions of [[Barber surgeon|barber]] and [[apothecary]] in addition to those of surgeon and physician. In 1656 the surgeons and barbers jointly received a Letter of Deaconry from the town council, establishing them as a craft or trade, with representation in the Trades House. However, relations between the barbers and the surgeons deteriorated later the 17th century, until in 1722 they split and the Letter of Deaconry became null and void. The barbers received money to the value of their share in the Faculty Hall in the Trongate and a new, separate Letter of Deaconry from the town council.<ref name="Duncan Memorials">{{cite book|last1=Duncan|first1=Alexander|title=Memorials of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow 1599–1850: with a sketch of the rise and progress of the Glasgow Medical School and of the medical profession in the west of Scotland|date=1896|publisher=James Maclehose|location=Glasgow|url=https://archive.org/stream/memorialsoffacul00duncuoft|access-date=21 December 2016}}</ref>
The faculty defended its right to be the only body in Glasgow responsible for training and maintaining standards against the claims of the [[University of Glasgow]]. This resulted in extensive litigation in the early 19th century over the status of surgical degrees, which was eventually settled in the faculty's favour. The faculty offered a licence for surgeons from 1785 which served as a basic medical qualification. The Double Qualification in medicine and surgery, established with the [[Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh]], was instituted in 1859 and was replaced by the Triple Qualification in 1884. This was a joint medical qualification between all three Scottish medical colleges. At the end of World War II the Goodenough Committee recommended that a medical degree be the ''sine qua non'' of entry to the medical profession. From that time onward the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow has concentrated on postgraduate training, professional development and examinations.<ref name="Hull & Geyer-Kordesch" />
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Princess Alexandra's Room, The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, Scotland.JPG|Princess Alexandra's Room
File:The College Hall, The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, Scotland.JPG|The College Hall
</gallery>
==Qualifications awarded==
[[File:FRCP(Glasg), Fellowship of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow qua Physician. Admission ceremony at the Bute Hall of the University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK.jpg|thumb|FRCP(Glasg), Fellowship of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow qua Physician. Admission ceremony at the Bute Hall of the University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK]]
* FRCP(G) (Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow qua Physician)
* FRCS(G) (Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow qua Surgeon)
* FDS RCPSG (Fellowship in Dental Surgery of Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow)
* FFTM RCPSG (Fellowship in the Faculty of Travel Medicine of Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow)
* Formerly MRCS(G) (Member of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow qua Surgeon)
* Intercollegiate MRCS ([[Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland]])
* Formerly MRCP(G) (Member of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow qua Physician)
* Intercollegiate MRCP(UK) ([[Membership of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom]])
* MFDS RCPSG (Membership of the Faculty of Dental Surgery of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons Glasgow)
The reason the [[post-nominal letters]] for the [[fellow]]ships use "FRCP(G)" and "FRCS(G)" rather than something like "FRCPS(G)-P" and "FRCPS(G)-S" is that they are parallel in form with all other similar fellowship designations for physicians and surgeons, such as FRCP(E)/FRCS(E), FRCP(I)/FRCS(I), FRCP(Lon)/FRCS(Eng). The same is true for the [[Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada]], which grants the FRCP(C) and FRCS(C) fellowships.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}
== Faculty of Dental Surgery ==
The four surgical colleges in the UK and Ireland received authorisation, through legislation laid out in the [[Dentists Act 1878]] ([[41 & 42 Vict.]] c. 33), to establish a qualification through examination that would lead to registration on the Dentist Register.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gdc-uk.org/|title=General Dental Council, Dentist Register|date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bda.org/museum/enquiries/was-your-ancestor-a-dentist|title=Was your ancestor a dentist|date=10 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=10 November 2017|title=The Dentist Act of 1878|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(02)36885-5/fulltext|journal=The Lancet|volume=115|issue=2953|pages=530|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(02)36885-5}}</ref> The dentist act of 1984 now supersedes this.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/24|title=Dentist Act 1984}}</ref> The register was held by the General Medical Council at that time. The first examination took place in 1879 and 'the Licence in Dental Surgery' was awarded by the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Jenkins WMM, Welbury R, L Cranwell, GR Ogden|date=June 2017|title=Dental Faculty RCPSG: How a Royal College has evolved to address the needs of the dental professional|url=https://www.dental-update.co.uk/issueArticle.asp?aKey=1683|journal=Dental Update|volume=44|issue=6|pages=473–475|doi=10.12968/denu.2017.44.6.473}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jenkins W|date=October 2010|title=Dental Faculty RCPSG: An Overview of How a Royal College has Evolved to Address the Needs of the Dental Profession|url=https://www.dental-update.co.uk/issuesThreeArticle.asp?ec=av+1&aKey=838|journal=Dental Update|volume=37|issue=8|pages=562–4, 566|doi=10.12968/denu.2010.37.8.562|pmid=21137849}}</ref>
In 1935, the College decided to create a Dental Committee that could provide advice on dental matters. In 1967 this committee became known as the Dental Council.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gelbier S|date=26 November 2005|title=125 years of developments in dentistry, 1880–2005 Part 5: Dental education, training and qualifications|journal=British Dental Journal|volume=199|issue=10|pages=685–689|doi=10.1038/sj.bdj.4813002|pmid=16311582|doi-access=free}}</ref>
1968 saw formation of the Joint Committee for Higher Training in Dentistry by the four Royal Colleges of Edinburgh, England, Glasgow and Ireland.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}
In 1990 a Dental Faculty was established to recognise the increasing role of Dental Fellows in the College. As a result, the Convenor of Dental Council was elevated to that of Dean.<ref name=":0" />
'''Role of the Dental Faculty'''
The Faculty of Dental Surgery is the professional group within the college with responsibility for dental surgeons. The Faculty set standards for dental practice through prescribing programmes of education and training, assessing their outcomes through examination, and delivering programmes of continuing professional development.<ref name=":0" />
{| class="wikitable"
|+Table 1: Positions on the Dental Executive
!Elected Members
!Other Members
|-
|Vice President (Dental)
|President RCPS (Ex-officio)
|-
|2 x Vice Deans
|Registrar RCPSG (Ex-officio)
|-
|Secretary
|Director of the Dental Education and Professional Development Board (Co-opted)
|-
|4 x Ordinary Councillors
|Director of the Dental Membership Services Board (Co-opted)
|-
|2 x 'Regional' councillors working in the UK outwith Scotland
|Director of the Dental Examinations and Assessment Board (Co-opted)
|-
|3 x 'Regional councillors working in Scotland but outside Glasgow
|International Advisor
|-
|Dental Fellow or Member less than 10 years GDC registered
|Lay Advisor
|}
<br />
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| colspan="2" |'''Table 2: Conveners of Dental Council 1967–1989'''
|-
|1967-69
|J.C MacDougall
|-
|1969-72
|J.A.Russell
|-
|1972-74
|T.C.White
|-
|1974-77
|J.  Ireland
|-
|1977-80
|D.K.Mason
|-
|1980-83
|A.F.  Carmichael
|-
|1983-86
|A.Cockburn
|-
|1986-89
|H.D.Campbell
|}
<br />
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| colspan="2" |'''Table 3: Deans of the Dental Faculty 1989–2001'''
|-
|1989-92
|D.A.  McGowan
|-
|1992-95
|K.F.  Moos
|-
|1995-98
|I.B Watson
|-
|1998-01
|R.T.  Reed
|}
<br />
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| colspan="2" |'''Table 4: Vice Presidents (Dental) 2001–2018'''
|-
|2001-04
|D.G.  MacDonald
|-
|2004-07
|W.M.M.  Jenkins
|-
|2007-10
|M.A.O.  Lewis
|-
|2010-13
|Alyson P.M. Wray{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}}
|-
|2013-2016
|R.R.  Welbury
|-
|2016-
|G.R.  Ogden
|}
'''Dental Examinations'''
Up until 1947 there was a continued demand for the Licence in Dental Surgery awarded by the Royal College. The University of Glasgow then took responsibility for undergraduate education of dental surgeons and began awarding degrees in Dentistry.<ref name=":0" />
The Fellowship in Dental Surgery (FDS) was first established by the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1947. The Glasgow College established its own FDS in 1967. Originally the FDS was the highest diploma in dentistry that could be awarded by the Colleges.<ref name=":0" />
In 1998 the Diploma of Membership of the Faculty of Dental Surgery (MFDS) was established as a three part exam.<ref name=":0" />{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}}
As time progressed the MFDS was reconfigured into a two-part examination and eligibility to sit the exam was no longer restricted to those who had undertaken training in approved hospital or community posts. The MFDS is delivered jointly by the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow. The English and Irish colleges administer their own equivalent exams: Royal College of Surgeons England administer Membership of the Joint Dental Faculty and the Royal College Surgeons Ireland (MJDF RCSEng) administer Membership Faculty of Dentistry (MFD RCSI).{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}
Dental Specialty Trainees have undergone Fellowship assessments since 1995, each undertaking a three-year minimum duration training programme.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}
A history of examinations and the qualifications awarded by the College for the dental faculty are listed in table 5 below.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rcpsg.ac.uk/dentistry/exams|title=Dentistry: Examinations and Assessment|website=RCPSG}}</ref>
<br />
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| colspan="4" |'''Table 5: Current and past examinations in Dental Surgery'''
|-
|'''Examinations'''
|'''College'''
|'''Qualifications'''
|'''Dates'''
|-
|Licence in Dental Surgery
|RCPSG
|LDS
|1879–2000
|-
|Higher Dental Diploma
|ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OF GLASGOW
|HDD
|1920–1966
|-
|Diploma in Dental Orthopaedics
|ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OF GLASGOW
|DDO/DDOrth
|1949–1989
|-
|Fellowship in Dental Surgery
|ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OF GLASGOW
|FDS
|1967–2002
|-
|Membership in General Dental Surgery
|ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OF GLASGOW
|MGDS
|1982–2007
|-
|Membership in Clinical Community Dentistry
|ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OF GLASGOW
|MCCD
|1989–2007
|-
|Membership in Dental Orthopaedics
|ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OF GLASGOW
|MDO
|1990–1999
|-
|Membership in the Faculty of Dental Surgery
|ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OF GLASGOW
|MFDS
|1999–2007
|-
|Membership in Oral Maxillo-facial Surgery
|ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OF GLASGOW
|MOMS
|2000–2012
|-
|Bi-collegiate general membership examination
|ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OF GLASGOW
RCSEd
|MFDS
|2007–current
|-
|Inter-collegiate specialty fellowship examinations
|ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OF GLASGOW
RCSEd
RCSEng
RCSI
|FDS (DPH)
FDS (OM)
FDS(Orth)
FDS(OS)
FDS(Paed Dent)
FDS(Rest Dent)
|1995-current
1995-current
1995-current
1995-current
1995-current
1995-current
|-
|Bi-collegiate specialty membership examinations
Tri-collegiate exams administered by RCSED, RCS Eng and ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OF GLASGOW respectively. The M(Oral Surg) exam superseded MSurgDent
|ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OF GLASGOW
RCSEng
ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OF GLASGOW
RCS Ed
RCS Eng
|MRD
MOrth
MPaed Dent
MSCD
MOS
|1993-current
1999-current
2012-current
2012-current
2012-current
|}
'''Dental Bursaries and awards'''
Professor Thomas Cyril White, Convenor of the Dental Council 1972–1974, bequeathed his estate to the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow 'for the furtherance of postgraduate dental education and research'.
Professor White was awarded a chair in Orthodontics in 1963 at the University of Glasgow and went on to become Dean of the Dental School. Initially Professor White qualified with a Licence in Dental Surgery in Glasgow in 1933 and then Medicine and Surgery in 1935.
The Royal College holds an annual symposium and awards several prizes (Table 6) which include the T C white Medal for outstanding performance in the Part 2 MFDS examination.
The college administers other awards and grant schemes from other donors listed in Table 7.
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|'''Table 6: List of TC White awards and grants'''
|-
|White Young Researcher Grant
|-
|TC White Travel Grant
|-
|TC White Lecture Award
|-
|TC White Observer ship Award
|}
<br />
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|'''Table 7: List of other awards and grants'''
|-
|UK Dental Undergraduate Award
|-
|Aileen Lyn Bequest Fund
|-
|Ritchie Trust Research Fund
|-
|The Ben Walton Trust Award
|}
==See also==
* [[Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine]]
* [[Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons]]
* [[Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Sources==
* Illingworth, Sir Charles. ''Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow.'' Glasgow: 1980. 16 pp (No ISBN)
* Geyer-Kordesch, Johanna & MacDonald, Fiona. ''Physicians and Surgeons in Glasgow. The History of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow 1599 - 1858.'' London: The Hambledon Press 1999. 478 pp {{ISBN|1-85285-186-4}}
* Hull, Andrew & Geyer-Kordesch, Johanna. ''The Shaping of the Medical Profession. The History of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow 1858 - 1999.''  London: The Hambledon Press 1999. 288 pp {{ISBN|1-85285-187-2}}
==External links==
* [http://www.rcpsg.ac.uk Official website]
{{Academy of Medical Royal Colleges}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Royal College of Physicians And Surgeons of Glasgow}}
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