View source for Rumburk

{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Rumburk
| other_name              =
| settlement_type         = [[Obec|Town]]
<!-- images -->
| image_skyline           = Rumburk (Rumburg) - Lužické náměstí.jpg
| image_caption           = Lužické Square
| image_flag              = Flag of Rumburk.svg
| image_shield            = Rumburk CoA CZv3.svg
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = {{CZE}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of the Czech Republic|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Ústí nad Labem Region|Ústí nad Labem]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Districts of the Czech Republic|District]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Děčín District|Děčín]]
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| image_map               =
| map_caption             =
| pushpin_map             = Czech Republic
| pushpin_relief          = 1
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in the Czech Republic
| coordinates             = {{coord|50|57|6|N|14|33|26|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes   =
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_name             = Martin Hýbl
| leader_party            = {{polparty|Czech Republic|ANO}}
<!-- established -->
| established_title       = First mentioned
| established_date        = 1298
<!-- area -->
| area_footnotes          =
| area_total_km2          = 24.72
<!-- elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes     =
| elevation_m             = 387
<!-- population -->
| population_as_of        = 2024-01-01
| population_footnotes    = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population-of-municipalities-qexb0dqr2d|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2024-05-17}}</ref>
| population_total        = 10861
| population_density_km2  = auto
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| postal_code_type        = Postal code
| postal_code             = 408 01
| area_code_type          =
| area_code               =
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website                 = {{URL|https://www.rumburk.cz/}}
| footnotes               =
}}
'''Rumburk''' ({{IPA|cs|ˈrumburk}}; {{langx|de|Rumburg}}) is a town in [[Děčín District]] in the [[Ústí nad Labem Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has about 11,000 inhabitants. It lies on the border with Germany.
==Administrative parts==
[[File:Rumburk, náměstí Dobrovského (03).jpg|thumb|Dobrovského Square]]
Rumburk is made up of the town parts of Rumburk 1, Rumburk 2-Horní Jindřichov and Rumburk 3-Dolní Křečany.
==Geography==
Rumburk is located about {{convert|30|km}} northeast of [[Děčín]]. It lies in the salient region of [[Šluknov Hook]], on the border with Germany. It is situated in the [[Lusatian Highlands]]. The highest point is the hill Dymník at {{convert|515|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. The [[Mandau]] river flows through the town.
==History==
The first written mention of Rumburk is from 1298. In 1377 it is already referred to as a town. In 1566, a Renaissance castle replaced an old keep and Rumburk became the centre of the [[Tolštejn Castle|Tolštejn]] estate.<ref name=history>{{cite web |title=Historie Města Rumburk|url=https://www.rumburk.cz/cz/turista-historie-mesta.html|publisher=Město Rumburk|language=cs|access-date=2021-07-14}}</ref>
Between 1713 and 1764, English merchants settled here and foreign capital has contributed to long-term development of the town. In 1869, the railway was built.<ref name=history/>
Rumburk was the scene of the [[Rumburk rebellion]] in May 1918. Until 1918, the town was part of [[Austria-Hungary]], in the district of the same name, one of the 94 ''Bezirkshauptmannschaften'' in [[Bohemia]].<ref>Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm Klein, 1967</ref>
During the [[Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)|Paris Peace Conference]] after World War I, American, British, and Italian diplomats agreed that the Rumburk corner should be given to Germany for to economic and ethnographic reasons. Eventually, the Conference followed the Czechs' demand based on alleged indivisibility of Bohemia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Goldmann|first=Rüdiger|title=Die sudetendeutsche Frage auf der Pariser Friedenskonferenzpublisher=Fides-Verlags-gesellschaft|year=1971|page=89|language=de}}</ref>
In 1938, it was occupied by [[Nazi Germany]] and administered as part of the [[Reichsgau Sudetenland]]. After World War II, the German-speaking population was [[Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia|expelled]] and replaced by [[Czechs|Czech]] settlers.
==Demographics==
{{historical populations
|align=none|cols=3
|1869|13204
|1880|14481
|1890|14602
|1900|15911
|1910|16397
|1921|14041
|1930|15738
|1950|9300
|1961|9459
|1970|9095
|1980|10255
|1991|10789
|2001|11024
|2011|10770
|2021|10381
|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}}
==Economy==
Following a number of years of depression after the fall of communism, the region is now poised to become an industrial centre again. The largest employer with headquarters in Rumburk is [[Benteler International|Benteler Automotive Rumburk]], a manufacturer of automotive parts with more than 500 employees.<ref>{{cite web |title=Registr ekonomických subjektů|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/res/registr_ekonomickych_subjektu|work=Business Register|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|language=cs|access-date=2024-03-23}}</ref>
==Transport==
Rumburk has a road border crossing with the German town of [[Seifhennersdorf]].
The town is the starting point of the regional railway line to [[Kolín]] and of two local lines to Děčín (one via [[Česká Kamenice]] and one via [[Sebnitz]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Detail stanice Rumburk|url=https://www.cd.cz/stanice/rumburk/5456459|publisher=[[České dráhy]]|language=cs|access-date=2024-03-23}}</ref>
==Sights==
[[File:Loreto-Rumburg5.jpg|thumb|Loreta chapel]]
[[File:Rumburk, náměstí Dobrovského, kostel (02).jpg|thumb|Church of Saint Bartholomew]]
Rumburk has historical centre with many valuable houses. In the town there are also important monuments of folk architecture – [[Timber framing|half-timbered houses]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Památky|url=https://www.rumburk.cz/cz/turista-pamatky.html|publisher=Město Rumburk|language=cs|access-date=2021-07-14}}</ref> The area with 18 half-timbered houses is protected by law as a [[Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument reservations|village monument reservation]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Vesnická památková rezervace v Rumburku – soubor podstávkových domů |url=https://www.rumburk.cz/cz/turista-pamatky.html|publisher=CzechTourism|language=cs|access-date=2022-05-26}}</ref>
The main landmark is the baroque Loreta chapel. It was built by plans of [[Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt]] in 1704–1707. It is surrounded by a cloister with a rich ceiling painting from the life of the Virgin Mary, four chapels and a restored Chapel of the Holy Steps (built in 1768–1770). Loreta in Rumburk was an important Marian pilgrimage site for the region of northern Bohemia and Upper Lusatia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Loretánská kaple s ambity|url=https://www.rumburk.cz/cz/turista-pamatky.html?n=loretanska-kaple-s-ambity&id_clanky=5714|publisher=Město Rumburk|language=cs|access-date=2021-07-14}}</ref>
The former Capuchin monastery and its Church of Saint Lawrence were built in 1683–1685. The monastery was abolished in 1950. The valuable building now serves as a library. The church still serves cultural and religious purposes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kapucínský klášter u sv. Vavřince|url=https://www.rumburk.cz/cz/turista-pamatky.html?n=kapucinsky-klaster-u-sv-vavrince&id_clanky=5716|publisher=Město Rumburk|language=cs|access-date=2021-07-14}}</ref>
The original wooden Church of Saint Bartholomew was built in the late 12th or early 13th century, the oldest written mention dates from 1352. The building was severely damaged by fires in 1515, 1624 and 1744. Its current appearance is from the reconstruction in 1755.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kostel sv. Bartoloměje|url=https://www.rumburk.cz/cz/turista-pamatky.html?n=kostel-sv-bartolomeje&id_clanky=5718|publisher=Město Rumburk|language=cs|access-date=2021-07-14}}</ref>
==Notable people==
*[[Johann Nepomuk Fischer]] (1777–1847), Austrian ophthalmologist
*[[Josef Emanuel Fischer von Röslerstamm]] (1787–1866), Austrian entomologist
*[[Franz Xaver Chwatal]] (1808–1879), pianist, composer and music teacher
*[[Viktor Tietz]] (1859–1937), German chess player
*[[Rudolf Pitschak]] (1902–1988), Czech-German chess master
*[[Helmut Baierl]] (1926–2005), German playwright and vice president of the DDR Academy of Arts
*[[Jaroslav Falta]] (1951–2022), motocross racer
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category|Rumburk}}
*{{official|https://www.rumburk.cz/}}
{{Děčín District}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Populated places in Děčín District]]
[[Category:Czech Republic–Germany border crossings]]