View source for Séléka

{{Short description|Alliance of Central African Republic Muslim rebel groups}}
{{For|the town in [[Botswana]]|Seleka, Botswana}}
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{infobox war faction
|name= Séléka CPSK-CPJP-UFDR
|war= [[Central African Republic Civil War (2012–present)|Central African Republic Civil War]]
|image=
|caption=
|active= September 2012–2014
|ideology=
|leaders= [[Michel Djotodia]]<br/>[[Joseph Zoundeiko]] (military wing)
|clans=
*[[Democratic Front of the Central African People]] (FDPC)
*[[Convention of Patriots for Justice and Peace]] (CPJP)
*[[Union of Democratic Forces for Unity]] (UFDR)
*[[Patriotic Convention for Saving the Country]] (CPSK)
*Alliance for Revival and Rebuilding (A2R)
|headquarters=
|area=
|size=
|partof=
|predecessor=
|successor=[[Popular_Front_for_the_Rebirth_of_Central_African_Republic|FPRC]]<br/>[[Union for Peace in the Central African Republic|UPC]]<br/>[[Central African Patriotic Movement|MPC]]
|allies=
|opponents=
*[[Central African Armed Forces]] <small>(Formerly, September 2012-March 2013)</small>
*[[Anti-balaka]]
|battles=
|url=
}}
[[File:Seleka fighter in Kaga-Bandoro.png|250px|thumb|Séléka fighter in [[Kaga-Bandoro]], 2014]]
'''Séléka CPSK-CPJP-UFDR'''<ref name=":0" /> was an alliance of rebel [[militia]] groups{{sfn|RFI|2012a}} that subjugated the [[Central African Republic]] (CAR) on 24 March 2013.{{sfn|RFI|2013}}{{sfn|Pflanz|2013}}{{sfn|Châtelot|2013}} After its official dissolution in September 2013, the remaining rebel groups became known as '''Ex-Séléka'''. Séléka leader [[Michel Djotodia]] became the nation's president from March 2013 until his resignation in January 2014.{{sfn|RFI|2013}}{{sfn|Reuters|2013}} Members of Séléka were almost all Muslim.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/22/central-african-republic-verge-of-genocide The Guardian: "Unspeakable horrors in a country on the verge of genocide - Militias in the Central African Republic are slitting children's throats, razing villages and throwing young men to the crocodiles. What needs to happen before the world intervenes?" by David Smith] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321130549/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/22/central-african-republic-verge-of-genocide |date=21 March 2020 }} 22 November 2013</ref><ref name=EconomistEverDarker>[https://www.economist.com/blogs/baobab/2013/11/CAR The Economist: "The Central African Republic - Ever darker"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811222835/https://www.economist.com/blogs/baobab/2013/11/CAR |date=11 August 2017 }} 8 November 2013</ref><ref name=BBCTinderbox>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-24802898 BBC: "Central African Republic: Religious tinderbox"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112003144/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-24802898 |date=12 November 2018 }} 4 November 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.theafricareport.com/Central-Africa/car-muslim-christian-tension-on-the-rise-since-coup.html Africa Report: "CAR: Muslim-Christian tension on the rise, since coup" By Konye Obaji Ori] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716200540/http://www.theafricareport.com/Central-Africa/car-muslim-christian-tension-on-the-rise-since-coup.html |date=16 July 2018 }} 6 November 2013</ref>
==Name==
The word ''seleka'' means "coalition" in [[Sango language|Sango]], one of the CAR's two national languages, the other being [[French language|French]].{{sfn|AFP|2013-01-01}}{{sfn|Bouquiaux|1978|p= 307|ps= no entry exists for seleka between "sèlègbhia" (embassy) and "sèlèngbè (suffix)}} The international media has shortened the full name ''Séléka CPSK-CPJP-UFDR'' to ''la Séléka'' in French and''Seleka'' in English.
The term ''Séléka'' had been used previously in CAR politics when [[Jean-Jacques Démafouth]] launched the political party New Alliance for Progress ({{langx|fr|Nouvelle Alliance pour le Progrès}}) with the Sango name ''Fini Seleka''.{{sfn|Démafouth|2006}}
==Background==
The rebel coalition originated in an agreement signed between factions of the [[Convention of Patriots for Justice and Peace]] (CPJP) and the [[Patriotic Convention for Saving the Country]] (CPSK), two of the CAR's many anti-government militias, on 20 August 2012.{{sfn|Ibrahim|Abdraman|2012}} CPJP in this case refers to the "Fundamental" splinter group of the CPJP, one of many militias involved in the CAR's long-running [[Central African Republic Bush War|civil war]]. A different faction of the CPJP signed a peace accord with the government on 25 August 2012.{{fact|date=August 2020}}
The Séléka first emerged on 15 September 2012 under the name ''alliance CPSK-CPJP,'' when it published a press release taking responsibility for the [[Central African Republic conflict (2012–present)#Early skirmishes|attacks on three towns]] that day.{{sfn|Alkassim|2012}} It was the last of the major rebel groups to do so.{{sfn|RFI|2012b}} The CPSK was hardly known.{{sfn|RFI|2012b}} On 15 December 2012 the group published its first press release using the full name "Séléka CPSK-CPJP-UFDR" thus including the [[Union of Democratic Forces for Unity]] (UFDR). Two groups that did not appear in the title, the long-standing militia [[Democratic Front of the Central African People]] (FDPC), and the newly minted Alliance for Revival and Rebuilding (A2R), were also reportedly part of the alliance.{{sfn|RFI|2013}}
The Séléka were not an overtly religious movement, but they were mostly Muslim, as was Michel Djotodia, the president they installed in March 2013 after taking power.{{fact|date=August 2020}}
==Civil War==
The fighters that ushered in Djotodia ran wild across the country during his time in office, plundering villages and killing Christians as well as supporters of the former president Francois Bozize.<ref name=":0">[http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/africa/140426/banguis-last-muslims-stray-outside-the-safe-haven-court-death For Bangui's last Muslims, to stray outside the safe haven is to court death] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100144/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/africa/140426/banguis-last-muslims-stray-outside-the-safe-haven-court-death |date=4 March 2016 }}. Retrieved 2014-04-26.</ref>
In September 2013 Michel Djotodia announced that Séléka had been dissolved.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20130913-central-african-republic-djotodia-dissolves-seleka-rebel-group|title=CAR's Djotodia dissolves Seleka rebel group|date=13 September 2013|website=France 24|access-date=7 June 2020|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603121351/https://www.france24.com/en/20130913-central-african-republic-djotodia-dissolves-seleka-rebel-group|url-status=live}}</ref> The disbanded group has dispersed into the countryside and have been committing mass atrocities according to [[Human Rights Watch]].<ref name=HRWWarCrimesSeleka>[https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/11/24/central-african-republic-war-crimes-ex-seleka-rebels Human Rights Watch: "Central African Republic: War Crimes by Ex-Seleka Rebels - Hold Commander Accountable for Attack on Town"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906070544/https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/11/24/central-african-republic-war-crimes-ex-seleka-rebels |date=6 September 2018 }} 25 November 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.citypress.co.za/news/killing-fields-car/ Zambia City Press: "The killing fields of CAR" by Nazanine Moshir] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101172346/http://www.citypress.co.za/news/killing-fields-car/ |date=2014-11-01 }} 10 November 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-international/car-tense-as-rebels-wreak-havoc/article5396065.ece The Hindu: "CAR tense as rebels wreak havoc" by David Smith] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202221312/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-international/car-tense-as-rebels-wreak-havoc/article5396065.ece |date=2 December 2013 }} 27 November 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.lanouvellecentrafrique.org/the-central-african-republic-ever-darker/ La Nouvelle Centra Afrique: "The Central African Republic: Ever darker"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131128174520/http://www.lanouvellecentrafrique.org/the-central-african-republic-ever-darker/ |date=2013-11-28 }} 18 November 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2013/11/17/we-live-and-die-animals-central-african-republic SBS: "We live and die like animals: The Central African Republic" By Peter Bouckaert] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820212509/http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2013/11/17/we-live-and-die-animals-central-african-republic |date=20 August 2016 }} 17 November 2013</ref> Executions, rape and looting by ex-Séléka fighters after the coup and disbanding have fomented religious tension where the population is 80% Christian.<ref>[http://www.themalaymailonline.com/world/article/hundreds-of-vigilantes-attack-town-in-central-african-republic#sthash.j08OaZSa.dpuf Malay Online: "Hundreds of vigilantes attack town in Central African Republic"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203000605/http://www.themalaymailonline.com/world/article/hundreds-of-vigilantes-attack-town-in-central-african-republic#sthash.j08OaZSa.dpuf |date=3 December 2013 }} 26 October 2013</ref> Christian militias, using the name [[anti-balaka]], have been formed to fight the Muslim Séléka.<ref name=EconomistEverDarker /><ref name=BBCTinderbox /><ref name=HRWWarCrimesSeleka /> In response, the United Nations considered sending troops to stop the atrocities,<ref>[http://www.christiantoday.com/article/un.considers.sending.force.to.central.african.republic/34828.htm Christian Today: "UN considers sending force to Central African Republic"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131128043911/http://www.christiantoday.com/article/un.considers.sending.force.to.central.african.republic/34828.htm |date=28 November 2013 }} 26 November 2013</ref> and established the [[MINUSCA]] peacekeeping mission in September 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/minusca |title=MINUSA Fact Sheet - United Nations Peacekeeping |access-date=23 January 2021 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125144745/https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/minusca |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Ex-Séléka militias==
[[File:Former combattants of the Seleka in a DDR-process, Bria, Central African Republic, 25 Feb 2017.jpg|thumb|Former combatants of the Séléka engaged in a [[Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration|DDR]] process, February 2017.]]
By 2015, there was virtually no government control outside of the CAR capital, [[Bangui]].<ref name=fp1015/> Armed entrepreneurs have carved out personal fiefdoms in which they set up checkpoints, collect illegal taxes, and take in millions of dollars from the illicit [[coffee]], [[mineral]], and [[timber]] trades.<ref name=fp1015>{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/10/28/one-day-we-will-start-a-big-war-central-african-republic-un-violence/|title=One day we will start a big war|publisher=Foreign Policy|access-date=13 February 2017|archive-date=5 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205203123/http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/10/28/one-day-we-will-start-a-big-war-central-african-republic-un-violence/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Months after the official dissolution of Séléka, it was not known who was in charge of Ex-Séléka factions during talks with [[Anti-balaka|Antibalaka]]. On 12 July 2014, Michel Djotodia was reinstated as the head of a faction of Séléka,<ref>Crispin Dembassa-Kette, [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-centralafrica-rebels-idUSKBN0FH0NL20140712 "Central Africa Republic's ousted leader back in charge of Seleka"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924202522/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/12/us-centralafrica-rebels-idUSKBN0FH0NL20140712 |date=24 September 2015 }}, Reuters, 12 July 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.</ref> which renamed itself ''The [[Popular Front for the Rebirth of Central African Republic]]'' (FPRC), also translated as "The Popular Front for the Renaissance of Central African Republic".<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/world/central-african-republic-ex-president-re-elected-head-of-rebel-movement/ Central African Republic: Ex-president re-elected head of rebel movement]  Associated Press. 13 July 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014</ref> Later in 2014, [[Noureddine Adam]] led the FPRC and began demanding independence for the predominantly Muslim north, a move rejected by another general, [[Ali Darassa]].<ref name=irin0217/> He formed another Ex-Séléka faction called the ''Union for Peace in the Central African Republic'' (UPC) which is dominant in and around Bambari<ref name=fp1015/> while the FPRC's capital is in [[Bria, Central African Republic|Bria]].<ref name=lacroix/> Noureddine Adam declared the autonomous [[Republic of Logone]] on 14 December 2015; a spokesman for the [[Central African Republic]]'s transitional government denounced the rebel's declaration. Another group is the ''Central African Patriotic Movement'' (MPC) founded by Mahamat Al Khatim.<ref name=lacroix/> Much of the violence in this phase of the conflict is between Ex-Séléka militias and is often ethnic in nature with the FPRC targeting [[Fulani people]] who largely make up the UPC and the UPC targeting the [[Kara people|Gula]] and [[Aiki language|Runga]] people, who largely make up FPRC, as being sympathetic to FPRC.<ref name=irin0217>{{cite web|url=https://www.irinnews.org/analysis/2017/02/24/central-african-republic-what's-gone-wrong|title=Central African Republic: What's gone wrong?|publisher=IRIN|date=24 February 2017|access-date=26 February 2017}}</ref> Starting in November 2016, FPRC and MPC<ref name=lacroix/> allied with their former enemy, the Anti-balaka, and attacked UPC.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/02/16/central-african-republic-executions-rebel-group|title=Central African Republic: Executions by rebel group|date=16 February 2017 |publisher=Human Rights Watch|access-date=17 February 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216070726/https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/02/16/central-african-republic-executions-rebel-group|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=newsweek0217/> Most of the fighting is in the centrally located [[Ouaka]] prefecture, which has the country's second largest city [[Bambari]], because of its strategic location between the Muslim and Christian regions of the country and its wealth.<ref name=lacroix>{{cite web|url=https://international.la-croix.com/news/the-battle-of-ouaka-in-central-african-republic/4756|title=The battle of Ouaka in Central African Republic|publisher=LaCroix International|date=27 February 2017|access-date=27 February 2017|archive-date=27 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227131744/https://international.la-croix.com/news/the-battle-of-ouaka-in-central-african-republic/4756|url-status=live}}</ref> The fighting displaced 20,000 with the FPRC singling out Fulani people.<ref name=reuters0217>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-centralafrica-violence-idUSKBN15R0WC|title=U.N. air strikes in Central African Republic kill several: militia|publisher=Reuters|access-date=14 February 2017|archive-date=14 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214000843/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-centralafrica-violence-idUSKBN15R0WC|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=newsweek0217/> In February 2017, [[Joseph Zoundeiko]], the chief of staff of FPRC<ref>{{cite news |date=29 July 2014 |title=CAR crisis: Meeting the rebel army chief |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-28526362 |newspaper=BBC News |access-date=20 June 2018 |archive-date=28 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928164704/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-28526362 |url-status=live }}</ref> who previously led the military wing of Séléka, was killed by MINUSCA after crossing one of the red lines.<ref name=newsweek0217>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/central-african-republic-war-fprc-car-556068|title=U.N. 'KILLS REBEL COMMANDER' IN CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC AIRSTRIKES|website=[[Newsweek]] |date=13 February 2017 |access-date=14 February 2017|archive-date=13 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213235108/http://www.newsweek.com/central-african-republic-war-fprc-car-556068|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Atrocities==
On 18 September 2013, the Séléka killed scores of unarmed civilians, according to Human Rights Watch.{{when|date=August 2017}} The Séléka has also engaged in wanton destruction of numerous homes and villages. The 79-page report ''The Forgotten Human Rights Crisis in the Central African Republic'' details the deliberate killing of civilians – including women, children, and the elderly – between March and June 2013 and confirms the deliberate destruction of more than 1,000 homes, both in the capital, Bangui, and in the provinces. Many villagers have fled their homes and are living in the bush in fear of new attacks. Human Rights Watch documented the deaths of scores of people from injuries, hunger or sickness.
"Séléka leaders promised a new beginning for the people of the Central African Republic, but instead have carried out large-scale attacks on civilians, looting, and murder", said Daniel Bekele, Africa director at Human Rights Watch. "What's worse is that the Séléka have recruited children as young as 13 to carry out some of this carnage."
On 28 May 2014, the Séléka members threw grenades before shooting indiscriminately at the [[Church of Fatima, Bangui|Church of Fatima]] in the capital Bangui, killing at least 11 people.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27614401 CAR Seleka rebels kill many in Bangui church attack] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826121356/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27614401 |date=26 August 2018 }}. ''BBC''. Retrieved 2014-05-30.</ref> In July 2014, the government of [[Uganda]] declared that it was at war with Séléka, accusing them of forcing civilians to give food and medicine to the [[Lord's Resistance Army]] and of trading ivory and minerals with them. Séléka denied the accusation.<ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/uganda-clashes-central-africa-republics-seleka-rebels-114632620.html Yahoo News: "Uganda says Seleka now its enemy as it hunts LRA in Central African Republic" By Elias Biryabarema and Crispin Dembassa-Kette] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305023707/http://news.yahoo.com/uganda-clashes-central-africa-republics-seleka-rebels-114632620.html |date=5 March 2016 }} 1 July 2014</ref>
Séléka leader Abdoulaye Issene said in an interview that: "We have killed, murdered and violated, but what happened, happened".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refdaily?pass=52fc6fbd5&id=53bf786c8|title=UNHCR {{!}} Refugees Daily|website=www.unhcr.org|access-date=2019-11-27|archive-date=26 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826114227/http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refdaily?pass=52fc6fbd5&id=53bf786c8|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refdaily?pass=52fc6fbd5&date=2014-07-11&cat=Africa|title=UNHCR {{!}} Refugees Daily|website=www.unhcr.org|access-date=2019-11-27|archive-date=6 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306014806/http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refdaily?pass=52fc6fbd5&date=2014-07-11&cat=Africa|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 9 November 2015, armed men cut the throats of 10 people in the village of [[Ndassima]] before carrying out an overnight attack nearby in [[Mala, Central African Republic|Mala]]. Local administrator Yves Mbetigaza said "They came from two places, some from Bambari and others from Mbres." While a report on national radio described the attackers only as armed members of the [[Fula people|Fula]] ethnic group (in {{langx|fr|Peul}}), Mbetigaza said they were Séléka fighters, adding that eight villagers were kidnapped in Mala and dozens of others were missing. On 12 November, six hunters were killed in the village of Bandambou.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-centralafrica-violence-idUSKCN0T21S120151113#O3I1uJmw1ZWMbUdd.99 At least 22 dead in Central African Republic village attacks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119075556/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/11/13/us-centralafrica-violence-idUSKCN0T21S120151113#O3I1uJmw1ZWMbUdd.99 |date=19 November 2015 }}. 13 Nov 2015. Reuters. Retrieved 2015-11-17.</ref>
On 3 December 2015, the Séléka armed men killed eight civilians at a camp for displaced people and wounded one U.N. peacekeeper, just days after the pope visited the capital. The attacks took place at [[Ngakobo]], about 60&nbsp;km (40 miles) south of the central town of Bambari.<ref>[https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-centralafrica-attacks/eight-killed-in-central-african-republic-days-after-popes-visit-idUKKBN0TN23C20151204 Eight killed in Central African Republic days after pope's visit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228054126/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-centralafrica-attacks/eight-killed-in-central-african-republic-days-after-popes-visit-idUKKBN0TN23C20151204 |date=28 December 2017 }}. 4 December 2015. ''Reuters''. Retrieved 2017-12-27.</ref>
Séléka often contends that mercenaries are to blame for the abuses. It is reported that official Séléka fighters are called for help to protect against mobs of ex-Séléka fighters.<ref name=fp1015/>
In October 2021, Confirmation of charges hearings against ex-Séléka militiaman Mahamat Saïd opens before the International Criminal Court (ICC). This former militiaman is suspected of crimes against humanity and war crimes committed in 2013 and 2014. This is the first time that a former member of the Séléka has faced the judges of the Court.
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==References==
{{refbegin}}
*{{Cite press release
| last1 = Ibrahim
| first1 = Alkhali
| last2 = Abdraman
| first2 = Hassan
| title = RCA: Protocole d'accord militaro-politique contre le régime de Bozizié
| work = CPJP-Centrafrique
| access-date = 2013-03-31
| date = 2012-08-20
| url = http://cpjp.centrafrique.over-blog.org/article-rca-protocole-d-accord-militaro-politique-contre-le-regime-de-bozizie-109416289.html
| archive-date = 25 September 2013
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130925080014/http://cpjp.centrafrique.over-blog.org/article-rca-protocole-d-accord-militaro-politique-contre-le-regime-de-bozizie-109416289.html
| url-status = live
}}
*{{Cite news
| publisher = RFI
| title = Centrafrique : pour qui roule la Seleka?
| work = RFI
| access-date = 2013-03-11
| date = 2012-12-31
| url = http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20121229-centrafrique-roule-seleka-bozize-faca-cpjp
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130122132420/http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20121229-centrafrique-roule-seleka-bozize-faca-cpjp
| archive-date = 2013-01-22
| ref={{sfnref|RFI|2012b}}
}}
*{{Cite news
| publisher = RFI
| title = RCA : les rebelles de la coalition Séléka suspendent leurs opérations militaires
| work = RFI
| access-date = 2013-03-11
| date = 2012-12-20
| url = http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20121220-rca-centrafrique-bangui-rebelle-kabo-batangafo
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121230072827/http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20121220-rca-centrafrique-bangui-rebelle-kabo-batangafo
| archive-date = 2012-12-30
| ref={{sfnref|RFI|2012a}}
}}
*{{Cite news
| last = Pflanz
| first = Mike
| title = Britons told to leave Central African Republic after coup
| work = The Telegraph
| access-date = 2013-03-24
| date = 2013-03-24
| url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/centralafricanrepublic/9951051/Britons-told-to-leave-Central-African-Republic-after-coup.html
| archive-date = 22 February 2017
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170222162923/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/centralafricanrepublic/9951051/Britons-told-to-leave-Central-African-Republic-after-coup.html
| url-status = live
}}
*{{Cite news
| last = Châtelot
| first = Christophe
| title = Centrafrique : les rebelles de la Séléka pénètrent dans Bangui
| work = Le Monde.fr
| access-date = 2013-03-24
| date = 2013-03-23
| url = http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2013/03/23/centrafrique-les-rebelles-de-la-seleka-penetrent-dans-bangui_1853378_3212.html
| archive-date = 25 March 2013
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130325005414/http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2013/03/23/centrafrique-les-rebelles-de-la-seleka-penetrent-dans-bangui_1853378_3212.html
| url-status = live
}}
*{{Cite news
| publisher = AFP
| title = Seleka, Central Africa's motley rebel coalition
| work = AFP
| location = Bangui, CAR
| access-date = 2013-03-24
| date = 2013-01-01
| url = https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iXnB5C8UnKeG6cE8tkOPhHhcKl9w?docId=CNG.7c7c8fbe9392e572a4c3d1dc11c44b99.21
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130411014824/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iXnB5C8UnKeG6cE8tkOPhHhcKl9w?docId=CNG.7c7c8fbe9392e572a4c3d1dc11c44b99.21
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 11 April 2013
| ref = {{sfnref|AFP|2013-01-01}}
}}
*{{Cite news
| publisher = RFI
| title = Centrafrique: Michel Djotodia déclare être le nouveau président de la République centrafricaine
| work = RFI
| access-date = 2017-06-03
| date = 2013-03-24
| url = http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/5min/20130324-rca-suivez-evenements-republique-centrafricaine-bozize-seleka
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130324222308/http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/5min/20130324-rca-suivez-evenements-republique-centrafricaine-bozize-seleka
| archive-date = 2013-03-24
| ref={{sfnref|RFI|2013}}
}}
*{{Cite press release
| last = Démafouth
| first = Jean-Jacques
| title = Nouvelle Alliance pour le Progrès (NAP) - " Fini Seleka". Declaration
| access-date = 2013-03-26
| date = 2006-07-17
| url = http://www.sangonet.com/ActuDo/ICAR/ActuC4/fini-seleka_jjd.html
| archive-date = 22 February 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140222045015/http://www.sangonet.com/ActuDo/ICAR/ActuC4/fini-seleka_jjd.html
| url-status = live
}}
*{{Cite web
| last = Mellgard
| first = Emily
| title = What is the Seleka?
| work = Religion & Geopolitics
| access-date = 2015-06-19
| date = 2015-01-29
| url = http://tonyblairfaithfoundation.org/religion-geopolitics/commentaries/backgrounder/what-seleka
| archive-date = 19 June 2015
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150619175316/http://tonyblairfaithfoundation.org/religion-geopolitics/commentaries/backgrounder/what-seleka
| url-status = live
}}
*{{Cite web
| last = Alkassim
| title = communiqué de presse de l'alliance CPSK-CPJP
| work = OverBlog
| access-date = 2013-03-26
| date = 2012-09-15
| url = http://cpjp.centrafrique.over-blog.org/article-seleka-cpsk-cpjp-110140652.html
| archive-date = 21 October 2013
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131021193909/http://cpjp.centrafrique.over-blog.org/article-seleka-cpsk-cpjp-110140652.html
| url-status = live
}}
*{{Cite book
| publisher = Société d'études linguistiques et anthropologiques de France
| isbn = 2852970163
| last = Bouquiaux
| first = Luc
| title = Dictionnaire sango-français = Bàkàrī sāngō̳-fàránzì
| location = Paris
| series = Langues et civilisations à tradition orale ; 29
| year = 1978
}}
*{{Cite news
| issn = 0261-3077
| agency = Reuters
| title = Central African Republic rebels seize capital and force president to flee
| work = The Guardian
| access-date = 2013-03-31
| date = 2013-03-24
| url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/24/central-african-republic-rebels-capital
| archive-date = 5 March 2017
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170305032236/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/24/central-african-republic-rebels-capital
| url-status = live
| ref = {{sfnref|Reuters|2013}}
}}
* [https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/09/18/central-african-republic-horrific-abuses-new-rulers Central African Republic: Horrific Abuses by New Rulers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504090813/https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/09/18/central-african-republic-horrific-abuses-new-rulers |date=4 May 2017 }}
{{refend}}
{{Central African Republic topics |uncollapsed}}
{{Ongoing military conflicts}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Seleka CPSK-CPJP-UFDR}}
[[Category:Factions of the Central African Republic Civil War]]
[[Category:Islam in the Central African Republic]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorism]]
[[Category:Persecution of Christians by Muslims]]
[[Category:Rebel groups in the Central African Republic]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in the Central African Republic]]
[[Category:Discrimination in the Central African Republic]]