View source for SMS M85

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{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=File:M-85.jpg
|Ship image size=300px
|Ship caption=''M85'' in ''Kriegsmarine'' service
}}
{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship country=[[German Empire]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|German Empire|naval}}
|Ship name=SMS ''M85''
|Ship owner=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[Nordseewerke]], [[Emden]]
|Ship yard number=110
|Ship laid down=
|Ship launched=10 April 1918
|Ship commissioned=3 August 1918
|Ship fate=
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
|Ship country=Germany (Weimar Republic)
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Weimar Republic|naval}}
|Ship name=''M85''
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
|Ship country=[[Nazi Germany]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Nazi Germany|naval}}
|Ship name=''M85''
|Ship fate=Sunk 1 October 1939
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=[[M-class minesweeper (Germany)#M1916|M1916 type minesweeper]]
|Ship type=
|Ship displacement= {{convert|553|t|LT|abbr=on|lk=in}} deep load
|Ship length={{convert|59.30|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[o/a]]
|Ship beam={{convert|7.40|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught= {{convert|2.2–2.3|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship power=
|Ship propulsion=2 shaft reciprocating steam engines, 2 coal-fired boilers, {{convert|1850|ihp|kW|0|abbr=on}}
|Ship speed= {{convert|16|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship range={{convert|2000|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|14|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on}}
|Ship complement=40
|Ship armament=
* [[8.8 cm SK L/45 naval gun|8.8 cm (3.5 in) SK L/45 naval guns]]
* 30 [[naval mine]]s
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
'''SMS ''M85'''''{{#tag:ref|"SMS" stands for "''[[Seiner Majestät Schiff]]''" ({{langx|de|link=no|His Majesty's Ship}})|group=lower-alpha}} was a [[M-class minesweeper (Germany)#M1916|M1916 type]] [[minesweeper]] built for the [[Imperial German Navy]] during the [[First World War]] by the [[Emden]] shipyard [[Nordseewerke]], being launched on 10 April 1918 and entering service on 2 October that year. ''M85'' survived the remainder of the war, and was passed on to the ''[[Reichsmarine]]'', the navy of the [[Weimar Republic]] and then to the Nazi German ''[[Kriegsmarine]]''. The outbreak of the [[Second World War]] saw ''M85'' supporting the [[German invasion of Poland]] in September 1939, and she was sunk by a Polish [[Naval mine|mine]] on 1 October 1939 in one of the last acts of the Polish campaign.
==Design and construction==
The M1916 Type minesweeper was an improved and slightly enlarged derivative of the M1914 and M1915 Type minesweepers which Germany had built since 1914. They were fleet minesweepers, seaworthy enough to operate in the open sea, and proved to be successful and reliable in service.<ref name="conways06p186-7">{{Harvnb|Gardiner|Gray|1985|pp=186–187}}</ref><ref name="lenp336">{{Harvnb|Lenton|1975|p=336}}</ref>
''M85'' was {{convert|59.30|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[length overall|long overall]] and {{convert|56.00|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[waterline length|at the waterline]], with a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|7.40|m|ftin|abbr=on}} and a [[Draft (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|2.2–2.3|m|ftin|abbr=on}}.<ref name="conways06p186">{{Harvnb|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=186}}</ref> The ship had a design [[Displacement (ship)|displacement]] of {{convert|515|t|LT|abbr=on}} and a deep load displacement of {{convert|553|t|LT|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Grob2p160">{{Harvnb|Gröner|Jung|Maass|1983|p=160}}</ref> Two coal-fired [[water-tube boiler]]s fed steam to two sets of 3-cylinder [[Compound steam engine#Multiple expansion engines|triple expansion steam engines]], rated at {{convert|1850|ihp|kW|abbr=on}}, which in turn drove two propeller shafts. Speed was {{convert|16|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on}}. 120 tons of coal was carried, sufficient for a range of {{convert|2000|nmi|mi km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|14|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name="conways06p186"/><ref name="Grob2p160,2">{{Harvnb|Gröner|Jung|Maass|1983|pp=160, 162}}</ref>
As built, ''M85'' had a main gun armament of two [[8.8 cm SK L/45 naval gun|8.8 cm (3.5 in) SK L/45 naval guns]],{{#tag:ref|SK stood for ''Schnellfeuerkanone'' (quick-firing gun).<ref name="grob2p17">{{Harvnb|Gröner|Jung|Maass|1983|p=17}}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} while 30 [[naval mine|mines]] could be carried.<ref name="conways06p186"/><ref name="grob2p162">{{Harvnb|Gröner|Jung|Maass|1983|p=162}}</ref> Post-war, most of the ships of the class were rearmed with a single 10.5 cm gun and three 2.0 cm anti-aircraft cannon.<ref name="grob2p162"/><ref name="lenp336"/> The ship had a crew of 40.<ref name="conways06p186"/>
''M85'' was [[Keel laying|laid down]] at the shipbuilder [[Nordseewerke]]'s [[Emden]] shipyard as [[yard number]] 110.<ref name="Grob2p160"/> She was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 10 April 1918 and entered service on 3 August 1918.<ref name="grob2p165">{{Harvnb|Gröner|Jung|Maass|1983|p=165}}</ref>
==Service==
''M85'' survived the remaining three months of the First World War. While the majority of the ships of the Imperial German Navy were interned at [[Scapa Flow]] and were [[Scuttling of the German fleet at Scapa Flow|scuttled on 21 June 1919]], the German Navy's minesweepers remained under its control, although disarmed, as they were needed to help clear the extensive minefields in the [[North Sea|North]] and [[Baltic Sea]]s. When the [[Weimar Republic]] established the ''[[Reichsmarine]]'', with its size constrained by the terms of the [[Treaty of Versailles]], ''M85'' was one of the ships taken over by the new navy.<ref name="conways06p187">{{Harvnb|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=187}}</ref><ref name="conways22p218,23">{{Harvnb|Gardiner|Chesneau|1980|pp=218, 223}}</ref><ref name="grob2p165"/> In 1931, ''M85'' was noted as being in reserve.<ref name="jfs31p238">{{Harvnb|Parkes|1973|p=238}}</ref>
''M85'' had returned to active service by 1 September 1939, when the [[German invasion of Poland]] started the [[Second World War]], with ''M85'' forming part of the newly established 7th Minesweeping Flotilla.<ref>{{cite web|title=Minensuchboote im Einsatz 1939 - 41: Minensuchflottillen 1 - 7 |url=https://www.wlb-stuttgart.de/seekrieg/km/mboote/m1-7.htm |website=[[Württembergische Landesbibliothek|Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart]]|access-date=22 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="haarrp468">{{Harvnb|Haarr|2013|p=468}}</ref> On 4 September 1939, together with sister ships [[SMS M75|''M75'']] and [[SMS M84|''M84'']] assisted the minelayer {{ship|German training ship|Brummer||2}} in laying a minefield at the southern end of the [[Øresund]].<ref name="haarrp71-2">{{Harvnb|Haarr|2013|pp=71–72}}</ref><ref name="Rowp3">{{Harvnb|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|p=3}}</ref> The 7th Minesweeping Flotilla, including ''M85'' was deployed to Polish waters on 5 September.<ref name="haarrp468"/>
On 1 October 1939, shortly after the garrison of the [[Hel Peninsula]] had agreed to surrender, ending the [[Battle of Hel]], ''M85'' struck a mine north east of [[Jastarnia]], which had been laid by the Polish submarine {{Ship|ORP|Żbik||2}}. 24 of ''M85''{{'}}s crew were killed,<ref name="Rowp3"/><ref name="haarrp52,5">{{Harvnb|Haarr|2013|pp=52, 55}}</ref> with the survivors rescued by the minesweeper [[SMS M122|''M122'']] and several [[R boat]]s. ''M85''{{'}}s crew were used to man two Polish minesweepers ({{ship|ORP|Żuraw||2}} and {{ship|ORP|Czajka||2}}) that had been captured intact at [[Hel Fortified Area|Hel]].<ref>{{harvnb|Paterson|2017|pp=32–33}}</ref><ref name=NH1039912>{{cite web| url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-3910-07OCT01.htm |last=Kindell |first=Don |title=Naval Events, October 1939, Part 1 of 2, Sunday 1st - Saturday 14th |work=British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day |publisher=Naval-History.net |date=7 April 2012 |access-date=26 September 2019}}</ref>
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Gardiner|editor1-first=Robert|editor2-last=Gray|editor2-first=Randal|title=Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|year=1985|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|isbn=0-85177-245-5}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Gardiner |editor-first1=Robert |editor-last2=Chesneau |editor-first2=Roger |title=Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946 |year=1980 |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |location=London|isbn=0-85177-146-7}}
* {{cite book|last1=Gröner|first1=Erich|last2=Jung|first2=Dieter|last3=Maass|first3=Martin|title=Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815–1945: Band 2: Torpedoboote, Zerstörer, Schnellboote, Minensuchboote, Minenräumboote|trans-title=German warships 1815–1945: Torpedo boats, Destroyers, Speedboats, Minesweepers, Minesweeper Boats |volume=II |year=1983|publisher=Bernard & Graef Verlag |location=Koblenz |language=German |isbn=3-7637-4801-6 }}
* {{cite book |last=Haarr |first=Geirr H. |title=The Gathering Storm: The Naval War in Northern Europe: September 1939 – April 1940 |year=2013 |location=Barnsley, UK |publisher=Seaforth |isbn=978-1-84832-140-3 }}
* {{cite book|last=Lenton|first=H. T.|title=German Warships of the Second World War|year=1975|publisher=Macdonald and Jane's |location=London |isbn=0-356-04661-3 }}
* {{cite book|editor-last=Parkes|editor-first=Oscar|title=Jane's Fighting Ships 1931|year=1973|edition=repr. David & Charles |orig-year=1931 |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston |isbn=0-7153-5849-9 }}
* {{cite book |last=Paterson |first=Lawrence |title=Hitler's Forgotten Flotillas: Kriegsmarine Security Flotillas |year=2017 |location=Barnsley, UK |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |isbn=978-1-4738-8239-3}}
* {{cite book |last1=Rohwer |first1=Jürgen |last2=Hümmelchen |first2=Gerhard |title=Chronology of the War At Sea 1939–1945 |year=1992 |publisher=Greenhill Books |location=London |isbn=1-85367-117-7 }}
{{M1916 Type minesweeper}}
{{October 1939 shipwrecks}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:M85}}
[[Category:1918 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Emden]]
[[Category:Minesweepers of the Imperial German Navy]]
[[Category:World War I minesweepers of Germany]]
[[Category:World War II minesweepers of Germany]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in October 1939]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks of Poland]]
[[Category:Ships sunk by mines]]
[[Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Baltic Sea]]