View source for SS X-1

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
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{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[File:X-1 Submarine, sea trial (undated).jpg|300px|X-1]]
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{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship country=[[United States]]
|Ship flag= {{shipboxflag|United States|naval}}
|Ship name=USS ''X-1''
|Ship namesake=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[Fairchild Aircraft]], East Farmingdale [[Long Island]], New York
|Ship laid down=8 June 1954
|Ship launched=7 September 1955
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=(never commissioned)
|Ship in service=7 October 1955
|Ship out of service=2 December 1957
}}
{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship in service=December 1960
|Ship out of service=16 February 1973
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|Ship fate=[[Museum ship]]
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{{Infobox ship characteristics
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|Ship type= [[Midget submarine]]
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|36.3|LT|t|0|lk=in|abbr=on}} submerged
*{{convert|31.5|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} surfaced
|Ship length= {{convert|49|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam= {{convert|7|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft= {{convert|6|ft|2|in|m|abbr=on}}
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|Ship propulsion=*[[Hydrogen peroxide]]/[[diesel engine]] and battery system
*Converted to diesel-electric drive after May 1957
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|Ship complement=10
|Ship armament=None
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|}
'''''X-1''''' (or '''SS X-1''')<ref>{{cite web|title=SS X-1|url=http://www.hnsa.org/ships/x1.htm|publisher=Historic Naval Ships Association|access-date=24 February 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818031654/http://www.hnsa.org/ships/x1.htm|archive-date=18 August 2013}}</ref> was a [[United States Navy]] [[midget submarine|Midget Submarine]] designed under project [[Ship Characteristics Board|SCB 65]]. Laid down on 8 June 1954, at [[Deer Park, New York|Deer Park]], [[Long Island]], New York, by the Engine Division of [[Fairchild Aircraft|Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation]]. Launched on 7 September 1955, at Oyster Bay, Long Island, by [[Jakobson Shipyard]]. Delivered to the Navy on 6 October at [[New London, Connecticut]] and placed in service on 7 October 1955 with Lieutenant Kevin Hanlon in command.
==Service history==
''X-1'' served in a research capacity in rigorous and extensive tests to assist the Navy to evaluate its ability to defend harbors against very small submarines. Further tests conducted with the ''X-1'' helped to determine the offensive capabilities and limitations of this type of submersible.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=u-EDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA124 "Navy Tests First Midget Submarine As Close In Weapon.] ''Popular Mechanics'', February 1956, p. 124, bottom of page.</ref>
''X-1'' was originally powered by a [[hydrogen peroxide]]/diesel engine and battery system, but an explosion of her hydrogen peroxide supply on 20 May 1957 resulted in the craft's modification to accept a diesel-electric drive.<ref name=Parken /> On 2 December 1957, ''X-1'' was taken out of service and deactivated at [[Philadelphia]].<ref name=Parken>{{cite news |last=Parken|first=Oliver |date=26 April 2023 |title=The Navy Procured This Midget Submarine For Coastal Defense During The Cold War |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/the-navy-procured-this-midget-submarine-for-coastal-defense-during-the-cold-war |work=The Drive |access-date=30 April 2023 }}</ref>
Towed to [[Annapolis, Maryland]], in December 1960, ''X-1'' was reactivated and attached to Submarine Squadron 6 and based at the Small Craft Facility of the Severn River Command for experimental duties in [[Chesapeake Bay]]. In tests conducted under the auspices of the [[United States Naval Research Laboratory|Naval Research Laboratory]], ''X-1'' performed for scientists who observed her operations from a platform suspended beneath the [[Chesapeake Bay Bridge|Bay Bridge]], to learn more about the properties and actions of sea water.
Having been in active service through January 1973, ''X-1'' was again taken out of service on 16 February 1973. On 26 April 1973, she was transferred to the Naval Ship Research and Development Center, Annapolis. On 9 July 1974, she was slated for use as a historical exhibit. She was later displayed on the grounds of the Naval Station complex, North Severn, near Annapolis. In 2001, ''X-1'' was transferred to the [[Submarine Force Museum]], in Groton, Connecticut, where she is on display before the main exhibit building.
<gallery mode=packed heights=180>
File:SS X-1 Midget Submarine.jpg|X-1 Midget Submarine on display at the [[Submarine Force Library and Museum]]
File:SS X-1 Midget Submarine (rear).jpg|The stern section of X-1
</gallery>
==Toy Version==
The Lionel 3330 "Commando" submarine is based on the X-1's design.  [https://www.tandem-associates.com/lionel/lionel_trains_3330_flat_car.htm LIONEL TRAINS 3330]
==References==
* {{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/x/x-1.html}}
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.ussnautilus.org Submarine Force Museum]
* {{hnsa|ss-x-1}}
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[[Category:Submarines of the United States Navy]]
[[Category:Midget submarines]]
[[Category:1955 ships]]
[[Category:Museum ships in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Submarine museums in the United States]]