View source for Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin, Paris

{{Infobox religious building
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|image                   = File:Saint Thomas DAquin Church - Paris 2013.jpg
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|location                = Place Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin, 7th arrondissement, Paris
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|religious_affiliation   = [[Catholic Church]]
|rite                    = [[Roman Rite]]
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|province                = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris|Archdiocese of Paris]]
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|functional_status       = Active
|heritage_designation    = 1972
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|website                 = [https://www.eglisesaintthomasaquin.fr]
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|architect               =[[Pierre Bullet]]
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|architecture_style      =[[Neoclassical architecture|Neo-Classical]], [[Baroque]]
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|groundbreaking          = {{start date|1682}}
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'''Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin''' ({{IPA|fr|sɛ̃ tɔma dakɛ̃}}) is a [[Roman Catholic]] church located in the [[7th arrondissement of Paris]], place Saint-Thomas-d’Aquin, between the rue du Bac and the [[boulevard Saint-Germain]]. The church is named for [[Saint Thomas Aquinas]], a [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] friar and priest, and influential philosopher and theologian in the 13th century. It was originally a chapel of an abbey of the [[Order of Preachers|Dominican]] order in Paris. Construction began in 1682, and the church was consecrated in 1682. The friars were expelled and the church was closed during the French Revolution, and was not returned to the Catholic church until 1802. During the 19th century, the City of Paris endowed the church with many fine examples of French religious art. The church was declared an Historic Monument in 1982.<ref>Dumoulin, "Églises de Paris" (2010), p. 137</ref>
== History ==
In 1632 the friars established a small training centre with a chapel in the Faubourg Saint-Germain neighbourhood on the left bank in Paris, named for the founder of the order, [[Saint Dominic]]. As the convent grew, in 1682 the friars decided to enlarge the monastery and build a larger church. Work began under architect [[Pierre Bullet]] in 1683, with funding provided by [[Cardinal Richelieu]] and other donors. In 1722 a separate choir for the friars (now called the Chapel of Saint Louis) was added to the church.<ref>Dumoulin, "Églises de Paris" (2010), p. 137</ref>
The [[French Revolution]] began in 1789, and in 1791 the church was transformed into a parish church, and was rededicated to Saint Thomas Aquinas. The rapidly developing Revolution turned life at the church upside down. The friars were expelled in 1793, and the abbey buildings were turned to a factory for making munitions. The church was then designated as the site of the future revolutionary museum of the history of artillery (The history of artillery collection gathered for the museum is now found in [[Les Invalides]]). In 1797, the church was redesigned a "Temple of Peace" for a group calling themselves "Theophilanthropes". It then became a meeting hall for the radical [[Jacobins]], until their downfall. It was finally returned to the Church by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1802, under the [[Concordat of 1801]].<ref>Dumoulin, "Églises de Paris" (2010), p. 137</ref>
== Exterior ==
The facade of the church is in the classical style, inspired by the [[Italian Baroque architecture]], particularly the facade of the [[Church of the Gesù]], the church of the [[Jesuits]] in Rome. finished in 1584. The Gesu facade was widely copied in Paris and other cities. The facade was designed by the Dominican friar Claude Navan, and was built between 1765 and 1769. Following the style of [[classical architecture]], the lower level has columns of the [[Doric order]] while the upper level columns are in the [[Ionic order]]. On either side of the facade and one-story wings, connected with the facade by curving wings, and capped at the corners by Obelisques, which serve as buttresses for the upper level.<ref>Dumoulin, "Églises de Paris" (2010), p. 137</ref>
The tympanum of the triangular pediment over the entrance is decorated with a relief sculpture called "La Religion", made in 1769 by François-Charles Butteux (1732-1788). It depicts an allegorical figure of Religion, supported by Truth, holding the tablets symbolising law.
<ref>[https://www.patrimoine-histoire.fr/Patrimoine/Paris/Paris-Saint-Thomas-d-Aquin.htm] Article in patrimoine-histoire.fr, on the history and art of the church</ref>
Another more recent relief sculpture is placed over the central portal; Two angels hold palms and crowns.
<gallery mode="packed" heights="175">
File:Église Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin, Paris 14 January 2017 002.jpg|Facade decoration
File:Église Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin (Paris) 4.jpg|Angels by Louis-Joseph Daumas, 1801-1887
File:Église Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin (Paris) 2.jpg|"Virgin giving rosary to Saint Dominique" (1867). by Théodore-Charles Gruyère
</gallery>
== Interior ==
The interior follows the traditions of beauty as defined classical architecture, with symmetry and rigorous lines. expressing symmetry and strong lines. The nave is covered by a barrel vault, and the nave is separated from the side aisles by two arcades with rounded arches, supported by columns with classical Corinthian order capitals. The central element in the choir is a miniature classical temple over the altar, with a series of rounded arches behind it, decorated with murals.<ref>Dumoulin, "Églises de Paris" (2010), p. 139</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" heights="175">
File:Interior of Église Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin (Paris) 01.JPG|Nave facing the choir
File:Interior of Église Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin (Paris) 08.jpg|The tribune and organ
File:Église Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin @ Paris (31936395720).jpg|Altar and stalls in the Choir
</gallery>
A major painting by [[Salvator Rosa]] (1615-1753) "the Assumption of the Virgin", is displayed on the lower right side. Following the theatrical style of the Counter-Reformation, it presents two adjoining worlds; the earthly world, where the Apostles find the empty tomb of the Virgin Mary; and the celestial world, where the Virgin is transported to heaven by a flight of angels. The expressions of astonishment of the apostles contrast with the serene expressions of Mary and the angels above.<ref>Dumoulin, "Églises de Paris" (2010), p. 139</ref>
=== The Chapel of Saint Louis ===
The Chapel of Saint Louis, in the choir behind the altar, is the most highly decorated space in the interior. It was originally the choir used by the friars. It was built in 1722 and is decorated to commemorate the return of the original [[Crown of Thorns]] from the Crucifixion to France, carried by two Dominican friars in 1239. The walls are covered with carved wood panels and confessionals from the 19th century, and by murals.<ref>[https://www.patrimoine-histoire.fr/Patrimoine/Paris/Paris-Saint-Thomas-d-Aquin.htm] Article in patrimoine-histoire.fr, on the history and art of the church</ref>
The 19th-century painting under the classical pediment depicts "Saint Louis renders justice beneath an oak tree," painted by [[Luc-Olivier Merson]] (1846-1920). Saint Louis is joined by an angel, by a figure representing Religion, and an angel.<ref>Dumoulin, "Églises de Paris" (2010), p. 139</ref>
The ceiling of the chapel is covered with an 18th-century fresco by [[Francois Lemoyne]] (1688-1737), "The Transfiguration". In the painting, a vision of Christ, accompanied by Moses and Elijah, appears in the heavens to the apostles Peter, James and John. The illusion of looking into the heavens is enhanced  by the painted architecture that merges with the real architecture of the chapel below. Not long after making this fresco, Lemoyne painted a similar monumental fresco for the ceiling of the Salon of Hercules in the [[Palace of Versailles]].<ref>Dumoulin, "Églises de Paris" (2010), p. 139</ref>
In the third traverse is a painting by another Italian master of the 17th century, Giovanni-Francesco Barbieri, better known as [[Guercino]] (1591-1666). This painting was originally in the Church of the Rosary in Cento, where the artist was born. It depicts "The Virgin Mary appears to Saint Jerome." [[Saint Jerome]] (340-420 AD) was the author the first translation of the Bible into Latin, known as the [[Vulgate]]. In the painting, Saint Jerome's face shows his emotions inspired by the vision of the Virgin.<ref>[https://www.patrimoine-histoire.fr/Patrimoine/Paris/Paris-Saint-Thomas-d-Aquin.htm] Article in patrimoine-histoire.fr, on the history and art of the church</ref>
The lower side also presents the painting "The Transfiguration", by [[Jean II Restout]] (1692-1768), which features the figures of Saint John and other Apostles painted with a vivid chromatic palate.<ref>Dumoulin, "Églises de Paris" (2010), p. 139</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" heights="175">
File:Chapelle Saint-Louis @ Église Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin @ Paris (32163755382).jpg|Chapel of Saint-Louis
Chapelle Saint-Louis @ Église Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin @ Paris (32193845341).jpg|"The Transfiguration" by [[Francois Lemoyne]], Ceiling of the Chapel of Saint Louis
File:Abel de Pujol - Saint Étienne prêchant l'Évangile - St Thomas d'Aquin.jpg|"Saint Stephen preaching the Gospel" by [[Abel de Pujol]]
File:Le Guerchin - La Vierge apparaissant à saint Jérôme (1650).jpg|"The Virgin and Child appearing to Saint Jerome" by [[Guercino]]
</gallery>
== Decoration ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="175">
File:Saint Pierre guérissant le boiteux.jpg|"Saint Peter Heals a Lame Beggar" by Louis-Vincent-Léon Pallière (1819)
File:Interior of Église Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin (Paris) 05.JPG|"Saint Louis, accompanied by the Royal Family, receives the Crown of Thorns" by Jean André (1714-1717)
File:Église Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin @ Paris (32193817411).jpg|Saint Stephen preaching the gospel by [[Alexandre Denis Abel de Pujol]] (1817)
File:Interior de St. Thomas d'Aquin 03.JPG|Dome of the choir, with paintings of "Force and Justice" by [[Merry-Joseph Blondel]] (1781-1853).
File:Interior of Église Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin (Paris) 07.JPG|Paintings in the nave and choir
File:Interior de St. Thomas d'Aquin 08.JPG|Decoration of nave arcades
File:P1110374 Paris VII église Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin banc d'oeuvre rwk.JPG|Choir stalls
File:P1110375 Paris VII église Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin chaire rwk.JPG|The pulpit (1814)
</gallery>
[[Merry Joseph Blondel]] provided decorative ceiling paintings for the church in the 19th century. His decorative work is also found in the [[Palace of Fontainebleau]], the [[Palace of Versailles]], the [[Louvre Museum]], the [[Brongniart]] Palace (also known as the Bourse de Paris), the [[Luxembourg Palace]], and the church of [[Notre-Dame-de-Lorette]].
* Organ originally by [[François-Henri Clicquot]] (1771)
* Mural paintings by [[Merry-Joseph Blondel]] (1841)
* Altar of Saint Vincent de Paul (1848)
* Portrait of Saint Louis by [[Luc-Olivier Merson]], in the chapel of Saint-Louis (1887)
* Stained glass by Dideron and Langlade (1902)
==Notes and citations==
{{Reflist|33em}}
==Bibliography (in French)==
*Dumoulin, Aline; Ardisson, Alexandra; Maingard, Jérôme; Antonello, Murielle; ''Églises de Paris'' (2010), Éditions Massin, Issy-Les-Moulineaux, {{ISBN|978-2-7072-0683-1}}
*Hillairet, Jacques; ''Connaissance du Vieux Paris''; (2017); Éditions Payot-Rivages, Paris; (in French). {{ISBN|978-2-2289-1911-1}}
==External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.eglisesaintthomasdaquin.fr/ Official site of the parish] (French)
* [http://www.musiqueorguequebec.ca/orgues/france/sthomasap.html L'orgue de l'église] (French)
* [https://www.patrimoine-histoire.fr/Patrimoine/Paris/Paris-Saint-Thomas-d-Aquin.htm] Article in patrimoine-histoire.fr, on the history and art of the church
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|48.8564|N|2.3275|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Thomas Aquinas Church Paris}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches in the 7th arrondissement of Paris]]