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{{Short description|Locality in Achkhoy-Martanovsky District, Chechnya, Russia}}{{Infobox Russian village|en_name=Samashki|pop_latest_date=2021|representative_body_ref=|area_of_what=|area_as_of=|area_km2=|area_km2_ref=|pop_density=|pop_density_as_of=|pop_density_ref=|pop_latest=12,769|current_cat_date_ref=|leader_name_ref=|prev_name1_date=|prev_name1_ref=|postal_codes=366602|postal_codes_ref=|dialing_codes=87147|dialing_codes_ref=|website=|website_ref=|date=April 2021|representative_body=|leader_name=|ru_name=Самашки|map_label_position=|loc_name1=СемаӀашка|loc_lang1=Chechen|image_caption=|lat_deg=43|lat_min=17|lat_sec=32|lon_deg=45|lon_min=18|lon_sec=14|anthem=|leader_title_ref=|anthem_ref=|holiday=|holiday_ref=|federal_subject=[[Chechnya]]|federal_subject_ref=|inhabloc_type=|inhabloc_type_ref=|mun_data_as_of=|mun_district_jur=[[Achkhoy-Martanovsky District]]|mun_district_jur_ref=|image_skyline=IMG 20180614 144959СаьмаӀашка дукъ тӀиера охьа.jpg|rural_settlement_jur=Samashkinskoye}}
'''Samashki''' ({{langx|ru|Самашки}}; {{langx|ce|СемаӀашка,<ref>{{cite web |title=Ярташ |url=http://daymohk-gazet.ru/ry |website="Даймохк" газет |language=ru-RU}}</ref>}} '' Semajaşka'') is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|rural locality]] (a ''[[village#Russia|selo]]'') in [[Achkhoy-Martanovsky District]], [[Chechnya]]. Samashki is the administrative center and only settlement of the Samashkinskoye [[Rural settlement (Russia)|rural settlement]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Сельское поселение Самашкинское (Чеченская Республика)|url=https://www.bankgorodov.com/settlement/samashkinskoe-selskoe-poselenie|website=www.bankgorodov.com}}</ref> Its population was estimated at 12,769 in 2021.<ref name=":0" />
== Geography ==
[[File:Самашки село карта.svg|thumb|Map of Achkhoy-Martanovsky District with Samashki highlighted]]
Samashki is located on the left bank of the [[Sunzha River]]. It is {{convert|9|km|mi}} north of the town of [[Achkhoy-Martan]] and {{convert|30|km|mi}} west of the city of [[Grozny]].
From the north, the hills of the Sunzhensky ridge reach the village, and from the south, the Samashki Forestry and the Sunzha River.
The nearest settlements to Samashki are [[Raduzhnoye, Groznensky District|Raduzhnoye]] to the north-east, [[Zakan-Yurt]] to the east, [[Novy Sharoy]] to the south, [[Davydenko, Achkhoy-Martanovsky District|Davydenko]] to the south-west, and [[Sernovodskoye, Chechen Republic|Sernovodskoye]] to the west.<ref>{{cite web |title=Карта Чеченской республики подробная с районами, селами и городами. Схема и спутник онлайн |url=http://1maps.ru/chechenskaya-respublika/ |website=1maps.ru}}</ref>
== Name ==
The name of the village comes from the {{langx|ce|Саь-Маӏашка}}, which translates roughly as "the place of deers".
== History ==
Samashki was founded in 1851,<ref>{{cite web |title=Основные сведения о Терской области. ч.3 |url=http://stavkomarchiv.ru/userfiles/file/%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%A3%D0%A1/%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F.pdf}}</ref> as a part of the Sunzhensky Cossack line, on the site of the destroyed Chechen village of Lower Samashki.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.prlib.ru/item/417273 |title=Кавказский календарь на 1860 год |publisher=Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom |year=1860 |edition=15th |location=Tiflis |language=ru |trans-title=Caucasian calendar for 1860 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320231422/https://www.prlib.ru/item/417273 |archive-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> In 1920, the entire Cossack population of the village was evicted by order of [[Sergo Ordzhonikidze]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ПРИКАЗ № 01721 оп - ЛЕТКА |url=http://xn--80ajpc0b.xn--p1ai/repressii-i-raskazachivanie/prikaz-01721-op1#sdfootnote1sym |website=xn--80ajpc0b.xn--p1ai}}</ref> The village was then given back to the Chechens, who repopulated it.
In 1944, after the [[Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush|genocide and deportation of the Chechen and Ingush people]] and the abolition of the [[Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Chechen-Ingush ASSR]], the village of Samashki was renamed and settled by people from other ethnic groups.<ref>{{cite web |title=Потери вооруженных сил России и СССР в вооруженных конфликтах на Северном Кавказе (1920–2000 годы) |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2005/0211/analit01.php |website=www.demoscope.ru}}</ref> From 1944 to 1957, it was a part of the Novoselsky District of [[Grozny Oblast]].
In 1958, after the Vainakh people returned and the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was restored, the village regained its old name, Samashki.<ref>{{cite web |title=О восстановлении Чечено-Ингушской АССР и упразднении Грозненской области |url=http://lawru.info/dok/1957/01/09/n1193134.htm |website=lawru.info |language=ru-RU}}</ref>
== Samashki in the Chechen Wars ==
During both Chechen Wars the village suffered greatly from the hostilities,<ref name="why">[https://www.theguardian.com/international/story/0,,252669,00.html Chechen villagers ask, why us?], ''[[The Guardian]]'', November 17, 1999</ref> most notably in the notorious April 1995 incident known as [[Samashki massacre]] committed by the [[Internal Troops of Russia]] which resulted in the deaths of 100 to 300 civilians.
In March 1996 another attack on the town took the form of a full-scale assault with apparent disregard for civilian lives; according to [[Human Rights Watch]], Russian forces used civilians as a [[human shield]]s on [[Armoured personnel carrier|APCs]].<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/reports/1997/russia2/Russia-06.htm ACCOUNTABILITY By the Russian Side], [[Human Rights Watch]], 1997</ref> Reports suggested some 500 civilians were killed as a result of the April 1995 and March 1996 attacks.<ref name="terror">[http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/3623.html##3 Russian bombardment sows terror in town], ''[[Boston Globe]]'', 13 November 1999</ref> The next month, Russian journalist [[Nadezhda Chaikova]], who had filmed the effects of the 1996 attack, was killed execution-style in Chechnya.<ref>[http://www.cpj.org/deadly/1996_list.html Journalists Killed in 1996: 26 Confirmed], [[Committee to Protect Journalists]], December 31, 1996</ref>
A devastating artillery and rocket attack on Samashki took place in October 1999 at the beginning of the [[Second Chechen War]], despite the [[demilitarization]] of the village,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/543493.stm How war came to a Chechen village], [[BBC News]], 1 December 1999</ref> killing or injuring dozens of residents on October 27, 1999 alone, according to HRW.<ref>[http://hrw.org/english/docs/1999/11/04/russia1965.htm Many Civilians Killed in Samashki Village, Chechnya], [[Human Rights Watch]], November 4, 1999</ref> At the time, the deputy commander of the [[North Caucasus Military District]] announced that there were only "bandits and terrorists" in Samashki,<ref name="terror" /> but a report for the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British parliament]] claimed civilians were killed in revenge for the heavy casualties suffered there by Russian forces during the first war.<ref>[https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/rp00-14/ The Conflict in Chechnya], [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]], 2000</ref>
Federal forces reported a large-scale operation in Samashki in May 2000.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/770766.stm Top Russians killed in Chechnya], [[BBC News]], 31 May 2000</ref>
== Population ==
* 1979 Census: 9,185
* 1990 Census: 9,945<ref>{{cite web |title=Наши издания - Архивное управление Правительства Чеченской Республики |url=http://arhiv-chr.ru/deyatelnost/nashi-izdaniya/category/5-nashi-izdaniya |website=arhiv-chr.ru}}</ref>
* 2002 Census: 10,824<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kashnitsky |first1=Ilya |title=Municipality level Russian Census data 2002 and 2010 |url=https://osf.io/cskmu/ |language=en |doi=10.17605/OSF.IO/CSKMU |date=11 April 2017}}</ref>
* 2010 Census: 11,275<ref>{{cite web |title=ВПН-2010 |url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm |website=www.gks.ru}}</ref>
* 2019 estimate: 12,597
*2021 estimate: 12,769<ref name=":0">{{cite book| author = Комитет Ставропольского края по делам архивов, Государственный архив Ставропольского края | chapter = Часть третья. Основные сведения о населённых пунктах| chapter-url = http://stavkomarchiv.ru/userfiles/file/%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%A3%D0%A1/%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F.pdf| format = | url = http://stavkomarchiv.ru/deyatelnost/izdaniya-poslednikh-let/atd/ | title = Административно-территориальное устройство Ставрополья с конца XVIII века по 1920 год | orig-year = | agency =  | edition =   |location= Ставрополь |date = 2008 |publisher= ОАО «ИПФ „Ставрополье“» |at=  |volume=  | pages = | page =  | series =  | isbn = }}</ref>
According to the results of the 2010 Census, the majority of residents of Samashki (11,263 or 99.9%) were ethnic Chechens, with 12 people (0.1%) coming from other ethnic backgrounds.
== Teips ==
Members of the following [[teip]]s (clans) live in Samashki:
* [[Nashkhoy (teip)|Nashkhoy]]
* [[Zandak (teip)|Zandak]]
* [[Sharoy (teip)|Sharoy]]
* [[Zumsoy (teip)|Zumsoy]]
* [[Terloy (teip)|Terloy]]
* [[Nuokhoy (teip)|Nuokhoy]]
* [[Galay (teip)|Galay]]
* [[Akkiy (teip)|Akkiy]]
* [[Keloy (teip)|Keloy]]
* [[Cheberloy (teip)|Cheberloy]]
* [[Dai (teip)|Dai]]
* [[Nizhloy (teip)|Nizhloy]]
* [[Gukhoy (teip)|Gukhoy]]
* [[Kesaloy (teip)|Kesaloy]]
* [[Khimoy (teip)|Khimoy]]
* [[Khakmadoy (teip)|Khakmadoy]]
* [[Shikaroy (teip)|Shikaroy]]
* [[Chanti (teip)|Chanti]]
* [[Buosoy (teip)|Buosoy]]
== Famous natives ==
* [[Lyoma Satuyev]], Honored Artist of the Chechen Republic, theater and film actor;
* [[Usman Dadayev]], tightrope walker, People's Artist of the Chechen Republic, Honored Artist of the Republic of Ingushetia;
* [[Mikhail Ivanyukov]],  Hero of Socialist Labor;
* [[Prokofi Kalashnikov]], Hero of the Soviet Union, colonel, tanker;
* [[Shumisat Khazhmukhambetova]], sambo wrestler and judoka, champion of the USSR, silver medalist of the Spartakiad of the peoples of the USSR, master of sports of the USSR in sambo and judo.
== Transportation ==
The [[R217 highway (Russia)|R217 federal highway "Caucasus"]] passes {{convert|4|km|mi}} south of the village. Also, a railway line from [[Nazran]] to [[Grozny]] passes through the village. Part of the village is located beyond the railway.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
{{Rural localities in Achkhoy-Martanovsky District}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Rural localities in Achkhoy-Martanovsky District]]