View source for Sandie Lindsay, 1st Baron Lindsay of Birker

{{Short description|British philosopher (1879–1952)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix    = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name                = Lord Lindsay of Birker
| honorific_suffix    = {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE}}
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| caption             =
| order1              =
| office1             = Principal of [[Keele University]]
| status1             = <!--If this is specified, overrides Incumbent.-->
| term_start1         = 1949
| term_end1           = 1952
| predecessor1        =
| successor1          = [[Sir John Lennard-Jones]]
| order2              =
| office2             = [[Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University]]
| status2             = <!--If this is specified, overrides Incumbent.-->
| term_start2         = 1935
| term_end2           = 1938
| predecessor2        = [[Francis John Lys]]
| successor2          = [[Sir John Lennard-Jones]]
<!-- Personal -->| birth_name          = Alexander Dunlop Lindsay
| birth_date          = 14 May 1879
| birth_place         = Glasgow, Scotland
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|df=y|18 March 1952|14 May 1879}}
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| party               = [[Popular Front (UK)|Popular Front]]
| otherparty          = <!--For additional political affiliations-->
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| alma_mater          = [[University of Glasgow]] <br /> [[University College, Oxford]]
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'''Alexander Dunlop Lindsay, 1st Baron Lindsay of Birker''', {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE}} (14 May 1879 – 18 March 1952),<ref name="Spart">[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRlindsayAS.htm A. D. Lindsay on the Spartacus educational website, accessed 3 July 2011] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909120355/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRlindsayAS.htm |date=9 September 2006 }}</ref> known as '''Sandie Lindsay''', was a Scottish academic and [[Peerage|peer]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/STATE-CHURCH-COMMUNITY-MASTER-BALLIOL-/350478296021?pt=Non_Fiction&hash=item519a2263d5#ht_2149wt_932|title=The State The Church The Community By Master of Balliol &#124; Ebay}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bookbutler.com/search.html?searchFor=Alexander%20Dunlop%20Lindsay&searchBy=author&searchIn=uk&sortBy=titlerank&amountIn=gbp&shipTo=gb&zip=&showMore=false&pageNr=1|title=BookButler - Prijsvergelijking van boeken}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archives.balliol.ox.ac.uk/History/masters.asp|title=Balliol Archives - Masters|website=archives.balliol.ox.ac.uk}}</ref>
Lindsay worked at a number of universities, beginning his career as a fellow in moral philosophy at the [[University of Edinburgh]] and as an assistant lecturer at [[Victoria University of Manchester]]. He then moved to [[Balliol College, Oxford]] where he had been elected a fellow in 1906. He served in the [[British Army]] during the [[First World War]]. He was [[Professor of Moral Philosophy (Glasgow)|Professor of Moral Philosophy]] at the [[University of Glasgow]] from 1922 to 1924, before returning to the University of Oxford as [[Master (college)|master]] of Balliol College 1924. He also served as [[Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford]] from 1935 to 1938. Having retired from Oxford in 1949, he became the first principal of the University College of North Staffordshire (now [[Keele University]]).
Lindsay had unsuccessfully stood for election to the [[House of Commons]] in the [[1938 Oxford by-election]], as an independent candidate opposed to the [[Munich Agreement]]. He was, however, made a baron on 13 November 1945, and thereby sat as a peer in the [[House of Lords]].
==Early life==
He was born in [[Glasgow]] on 14 May 1879, the son of [[Anna Lindsay (Scotland)|Anna]] and [[Thomas Martin Lindsay]]. Lindsay was educated from 1887 at the [[Glasgow Academy]], then at the [[University of Glasgow]], where he gained a [[Master of Arts (Scotland)|Master of Arts]] degree in 1899, and lastly at [[University College, Oxford]], where he took a [[British undergraduate degree classification#Variations of First Class honours|Double First]] in 1902.<ref name ="ODNB">[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/34537?docPos=1 Lindsay, Alexander Dunlop, 1st Baron Lindsay of Birker] in [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]] (subscription site), accessed 3 July 2011</ref>
==Career==
In 1903 he won the Shaw fellowship in [[moral philosophy]] at the [[University of Edinburgh]], as had his father, the first recipient of this award. He was assistant lecturer in philosophy at the [[Victoria University of Manchester]] from 1904 to 1906, when he was elected a fellow and tutor in philosophy at [[Balliol College, Oxford]].<ref name ="ODNB"/>
During the [[First World War]] he served in France, was mentioned twice in dispatches, and was a [[Lieutenant-colonel]].<ref name ="ODNB"/>
He was [[Professor of Moral Philosophy, Glasgow|Professor of Moral Philosophy]] at the [[University of Glasgow]] (1922–24). He was president of the [[Aristotelian Society]] from 1924 to 1925. In 1924 he became master of Balliol College and became [[vice-chancellor]] of the [[University of Oxford]] from 1935 to 1938. He worked with [[Lord Nuffield]] who donated £1 million to fund a new physical chemistry laboratory and a postgraduate college for social studies, [[Nuffield College, Oxford]]<ref name ="ODNB"/> in 1937.
At Oxford, Lindsay was a leading figure in the adult education movement. On his retirement from Balliol, in 1949, Lindsay was appointed the first Principal of the University College of North Staffordshire which opened in 1949 and is now [[Keele University]].<ref name ="ODNB"/>
In 1938, Lindsay stood for [[UK Parliament|Parliament]] in the [[1938 Oxford by-election|Oxford by-election]] as an 'Independent Progressive' on the single issue of opposition to the [[Munich Agreement]], with support from the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] and [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] parties as well as from many [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] including the future [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Ministers]] [[Winston Churchill]], [[Harold Macmillan]] and [[Edward Heath]], but lost to the official Conservative candidate, [[Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone|Quintin Hogg]].
In 1949 Lindsay became the Founding Principal of the University College of North Staffordshire, which opened at [[Keele Hall]] in 1950. This unique institution - the first UK University of the 20th Century - tested many of Lindsay's educational principles and reflected the postwar idealism of its day. Known by many as the "Keele Experiment", many of the features of the New Universities of the 1960s were tested at Keele. The University College became the [[University of Keele]] in 1962.
==Personal life==
Lindsay married Erica Violet Storr (1877 - 28 May 1962), daughter of Francis Storr, in 1907 and they had one daughter and two sons.<ref name ="ODNB"/>
He was elevated to the peerage on 13 November 1945 as '''Baron Lindsay of Birker''', of Low Ground in the County of Cumberland. He was [[introduction (House of Lords)|introduced]] to the [[House of Lords]] on 5 December 1945.<ref>{{cite Hansard |jurisdiction= United Kingdom |title= LORD LINDSAY OF BIRKER |url= https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1945/dec/05/lord-lindsay-of-birker |house= House of Lords |date= 5 December 1945 |volume= 138 |column_start= 333 |column_end= |speaker= |position=}}</ref> He was succeeded in the barony by his eldest son [[Michael Lindsay, 2nd Baron Lindsay of Birker|Michael Francis Morris Lindsay]].
==Selected bibliography==
*[https://archive.org/details/socraticdiscour00stawgoog ''Socratic Discourses''] with an Introduction by A. D. Lindsay (1910)
*[https://archive.org/details/newtheoryofvisio00geor ''Berkeley's A New Theory of Vision and Other Select Philosophical Writings''] with an Introduction by A. D. Lindsay (1910)
*[https://archive.org/details/philosophybergso00linduoft ''The Philosophy of Bergson''] (1911)
*[https://archive.org/details/fivedialoguesbea00platuoft ''Five Dialogues of Plato, bearing on Poetic Inspiration'']  with an Introduction by A. D. Lindsay (1913)
*[https://archive.org/details/lindutilitarianism00milluoft ''Mill's Utilitarianism, Liberty & Representative Government''] with an Introduction by A. D. Lindsay (1914)
*[https://archive.org/details/therepublicofpla00platuoft ''The Republic of Plato''] translated by A. D. Lindsay (1923)
*[https://archive.org/details/karlmarxscapital031684mbp ''Karl Marx's Capital''] an introductory essay (1925)
*''Kant'', Ernest Benn Limited / Oxford University Press, 1934. 1970 edition, Folcroft Press. ASIN: B0006C6R8G
*[https://archive.org/details/twomoralities015826mbp ''The Two Moralities''] (1940)
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*Drusilla Scott, ''A.D. Lindsay : a biography'', Oxford : Blackwell, 1971, pp.&nbsp;437, with chapters by Tom Lindsay and Dorothy Emmet.
*[http://www.clanlindsay.com/alexander_dunlop_lindsay.htm Alexander Dunlop Lindsay]
* {{Gutenberg author|id=44513}}
* {{Librivox author |id=13936}}
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{{succession box|title=[[Balliol College, Oxford|Master of Balliol College, Oxford]]|years = 1924–1949|before=[[Arthur Lionel Smith]]|after=[[David Lindsay Keir]]}}
{{succession box
| title=[[Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University]]
| years=1935–1938
| before=[[Francis John Lys]]
| after=[[George Stuart Gordon]]
}}
{{succession box|title=[[Keele University|Principal, University College of North Staffordshire<br />(now Keele University)]]|years = 1949–1952|before=New Creation|after=[[John Lennard-Jones|Sir John Lennard-Jones]]}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
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{{s-ttl| title=[[Baron Lindsay of Birker]]| years=1945–1952 }}
{{s-aft| after=[[Michael Lindsay, 2nd Baron Lindsay of Birker|Michael Lindsay]] }}
{{S-end}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Masters of Balliol College, Oxford|state=collapsed}}
{{Principals and Vice-Chancellors of Keele University}}
{{Vice-Chancellors of the University of Oxford}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lindsay, Sandie, 1st Baron Lindsay of Birker}}
[[Category:1879 births]]
[[Category:1952 deaths]]
[[Category:Academics from Glasgow]]
[[Category:Nobility from Glasgow]]
[[Category:People educated at the Glasgow Academy]]
[[Category:Academics of Keele University]]
[[Category:Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Alumni of University College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Glasgow]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Glasgow]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Scottish socialists]]
[[Category:Scottish philosophers]]
[[Category:Kantian philosophers]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Aristotelian Society]]
[[Category:20th-century Scottish people]]
[[Category:Masters of Balliol College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Oxford Union]]
[[Category:Barons created by George VI]]
[[Category:British Army officers]]