View source for Sanumá

{{Short description|Indigenous tribe in present-day Venezuela and Brazil}}
{{for|the language|Sanumá language}}
{{infobox ethnic group
|group=Sanumá
|total=approx. 1500
|popplace=[[Venezuela]], [[Brazil]]
|langs=[[Sanumá language]]
|related=[[Yanomami]]
}}
The '''Sanumá''', also referred to as ''Sanema, Sanima Tsanuma, Guaika, Samatari, Samatali, Xamatari'' and ''Chirichano'' in the literature, are an [[indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous people]] of [[Brazil]] and [[Venezuela]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Coimbra |first1=Carlos E. A. |last2=Welch |first2=James R. |date=2018-12-09 |title=Enciclopédia dos Alimentos Yanomami (Sanöma): Cogumelos. Edited by R. M. Apiamö, J. Autuori, N. K. Ishikawa, M. S. Martins, N. Menolli Jr., C. Sanuma, L. R. Sanuma, M. Sanuma, O. I. Sanuma, & K. Tokimoto. 2016. Instituto Socioambiental, São Paulo. 108 pp. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.14237/ebl.9.2.2018.1411 |journal=Ethnobiology Letters |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=309–311 |doi=10.14237/ebl.9.2.2018.1411 |issn=2159-8126|doi-access=free }}</ref> They are related to the [[Yanomami]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Gomez |first=Gale Goodwin |title=Indigenous Rights and the Case of the Yanomami Indians in Brazil |date=1998-01-01 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004637801_014 |work=Human Rights of Indigenous Peoples |pages=185–199 |access-date=2023-12-02 |publisher=Brill {{!}} Nijhoff |doi=10.1163/9789004637801_014 |isbn=978-90-04-63780-1}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Chapter 4 Yanoama Livelihood |date=1976-12-31 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/710191-007 |work=The Yanoama Indians |pages=99–104 |access-date=2023-12-02 |publisher=University of Texas Press|doi=10.7560/710191-007 |isbn=9781477300350 |s2cid=243781575 }}</ref>
The Sanumá number about 1500, and live on both sides of the Brazil-Venezuela border. In Venezuela, they are found in the [[Caura River (Venezuela)|Caura River]] and [[Ventuari River]] basins where they live alongside the [[Ye'kuana]]. The [[Sanumá language]] is a [[Yanomaman languages|Yanomaman]] language.
==Conflicts with miners==
On 24 October 2006, their reserve in Venezuela was invaded by miners who destroyed some of their villages. In retaliation, the Venezuelan army killed 10 miners. This incident led to mass protests by non-Indians in Southern Venezuela.
==Further reading==
*Bruce Parry,''Tribe: Adventures in a Changing World'' (Michael Joseph Raped Ltd, 2007)
*Amy Penfield, ''Predatory Economies: The Sanema and the Socialist State in Contemporary Amazonia'' {{ISBN|978-1-4773-2708-1}} (University of Texas Press, 2023)
*Alcida Ramos, ''Sanuma Memories: Yanomami Ethnography in Times of Crisis '' (University of Wisconsin Press, 1995)
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.socioambiental.org/pib/epienglish/yanomami/yanomami.shtm Indigenous Peoples of Brazil – Yanomami]
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/tribe/tribes/sanema/index.shtml BBC: Sanema Tribe]
{{Ethnic groups in Venezuela}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sanuma People}}
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Brazil]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples in Brazil]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples in Venezuela]]
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