View source for Sedum

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Sedum acre single - Niitvälja.jpg
|image_caption = Biting stonecrop (''[[Sedum acre]]'')
|display_parents = 2
|taxon = Sedum
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]{{sfn|GRIN|2019}}
|type_species = ''[[Sedum acre]]''
|type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|subdivision_ranks = Subgenera
|subdivision =
* ''Gormania''
* ''Sedum''
|synonyms =
{{collapsible list|
*''Aithales'' <small>[[Philip Barker Webb|Webb]] & [[Berthel.]]</small>
*''Aizopsis'' <small>[[Grulich]]</small>
*''Amerosedum'' <small>[[Á.Löve]] & [[D.Löve]]</small>
*''Anacampseros'' <small>[[Mill.]]</small>
*''Asterosedum'' <small>[[Grulich]]</small>
*''Breitungia'' <small>[[Á.Löve]] & [[D.Löve]]</small>
*''Cepaea'' <small>[[Fabr.]]</small>
*''Chetyson'' <small>[[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Raf.]]</small>
*''Clausenellia'' <small>[[Á.Löve]] & [[D.Löve]]</small>
*''Cockerellia'' <small>([[R.T.Clausen]] & [[N.W.Uhl]]) [[Á.Löve]] & [[D.Löve]]</small>
*''Congdonia'' <small>[[Jeps.]]</small>
*''Corynephyllum'' <small>[[Joseph Nelson Rose|Rose]]</small>
*''Diamorpha'' <small>[[Nutt.]]</small>
*''Etiosedum'' <small>[[Á.Löve]] & [[D.Löve]]</small>
*''Gormania'' <small>[[Nathaniel Lord Britton|Britton]]</small>
*''Helladia'' <small>[[M.Král]]</small>
*''Hjaltalinia'' <small>[[Á.Löve]] & [[D.Löve]]</small>
*''Hylotelephium'' <small>[[H.Ohba]]</small>
*''Keratolepis'' <small>[[Joseph Nelson Rose|Rose]] ex [[Fröd.]]</small>
*''Lenophyllum'' <small>[[Joseph Nelson Rose|Rose]]</small>
*''Leucosedum'' <small>[[Fourr.]]</small>
*''Macrosepalum'' <small>[[Regel]] & [[Schmalh.]]</small>
*''Meterostachys'' <small>[[Takenoshin Nakai|Nakai]]</small>
*''Mucizonia'' <small>([[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|DC.]]) [[Batt.]] & [[Trab.]]</small>
*''Ohbaea'' <small>[[V.V.Byalt]] & [[I.V.Sokolova]]</small>
*''Oreosedum'' <small>[[Grulich]]</small>
*''Parvisedum'' <small>[[R.T.Clausen]]</small>
*''Petrosedum'' <small>[[Grulich]]</small>
*''Phedimus'' <small>[[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Raf.]]</small>
*''Pistorinia'' <small>[[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|DC.]]</small>
*''Poenosedum'' <small>[[Josef Ludwig Holub|Holub]]</small>
*''Procrassula'' <small>[[Griseb.]]</small>
*''Prometheum'' <small>([[A.Berger]]) [[H.Ohba]]</small>
*''Pseudorosularia'' <small>[[Gurgen.]]</small>
*''Sedastrum'' <small>[[Joseph Nelson Rose|Rose]]</small>
*''[[Sedella (plant)|Sedella]]'' <small>[[Nathaniel Lord Britton|Britton]] & [[Joseph Nelson Rose|Rose]]</small>
*''Sedella'' <small>[[Fourr.]]</small>, nom. inval.
*''Spathulata'' <small>([[Boriss.]]) [[Á.Löve]] & [[D.Löve]]</small>
*''Telmissa'' <small>[[Fenzl]]</small>
*''Tetrorum'' <small>[[Joseph Nelson Rose|Rose]]</small>
*''Triactina'' <small>[[Hook.f.]] & [[Thomas Thomson (botanist)|Thomson]]</small>
}}
|}}
[[File:EB1911 Sedum acre diagram.jpg|thumb|[[Floral diagram]] ''[[Sedum acre]]''|alt=Floral diagram of Sedum acre]]
'''''Sedum''''' is a large [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Crassulaceae]], members of which are commonly known as '''stonecrops'''. The genus has been described as containing up to 600 species, subsequently reduced to 400–500. They are leaf [[succulents]] found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere, but extending into the southern hemisphere in [[Africa]] and [[South America]]. The plants vary from [[Annual plant|annual]] and creeping [[Herbaceous plant|herbs]] to [[shrub]]s. The plants have water-storing leaves. The flowers usually have five [[petal]]s, seldom four or six. There are typically twice as many [[stamen]]s as petals. Various species formerly classified as ''Sedum'' are now in the segregate genera ''[[Hylotelephium]]'' and ''[[Rhodiola]]''.
Well-known European species of ''Sedum'' are ''[[Sedum acre]]'', ''[[Sedum album]]'', ''[[Sedum dasyphyllum]]'', ''[[Sedum reflexum]]'' (also known as ''Sedum rupestre'') and ''[[Sedum hispanicum]]''.
==Description==
''Sedum'' is a genus that includes [[annual plant|annual]], [[biennial plant|biennial]], and [[perennial]] [[herbaceous|herbs]]. They are characterised by [[succulent]] leaves and stems.{{sfn|Ito et al|2017}} The extent of [[Morphology (biology)|morphological]] diversity and [[homoplasy]] make it impossible to characterise ''Sedum'' [[Phenotype|phenotypicaly]].{{sfn|Nikulin|Gontcharov|2017}}
==Taxonomy==
''Sedum'' was first formally described by [[Carl Linnaeus]] in 1753, with 15 species.{{sfn|Linnaeus|1753}} Of the [[genera]] encompassed by the [[Crassulaceae]] [[Family (biology)|family]], ''Sedum'' is the most species rich, the most [[morphology (biology)|morphologically]] diverse and most complex [[taxonomically]]. Historically it was placed in the subfamily Sedoideae, of which it was the [[type genus]]. Of the three modern subfamilies of the Crassulaceae, based on [[molecular phylogenetics]] ''Sedum'' is placed in the subfamily [[Sempervivoideae]]. Although the genus has been greatly reduced, from about 600{{sfn|Ohba|1977}} to 420–470 species,{{sfn|Fu|Ohba|2001 |p=221}} by forming up to 32 [[Segregate (taxonomy)|segregate]] genera,{{sfn|Mort et al|2001}} it still constitutes a third of the family and is [[polyphyletic]].{{sfn|Nikulin et al|2016}}
''Sedum'' species are found in four of six major [[Crown group|crown]] [[clades]] within subfamily Sempervivoideae of Crassulaceae and are allocated to [[Tribe (biology)|tribes]], as follows:{{sfn|Thiede|Eggli|2007}}
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|+ <big>Clades and tribes within Sempervivoideae</big>
!Clade||Tribe
|-
| Hylotelephium||Telephieae
|-
| Rhodiola||Umbiliceae
|-
| style="background: #ccf;|Sempervivum||Semperviveae
|-
| style="background: #ccf;|Aeonium||Aeonieae
|-
| style="background: #ccf;|Acre||rowspan=2|Sedeae
|-
| style="background: #ccf;|Leucosedum
|-
|colspan=2|'''Note'''
Clades containing ''Sedum'', shown in blue
|}
In addition at least nine other distinct genera appear to be nested within ''Sedum''. However the number of species found outside of the first two clades (Tribe Sedeae) are only a small fraction of the whole genus. Therefore the current [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscription]], which is somewhat artificial and [[waste-basket taxon|catch-all]] must be considered unstable.{{sfn|Nikulin et al|2016}} The relationships between the tribes of Sempervivoideae is shown in the [[cladogram]].
{{Cladogram|title= Cladogram of Sempervivoideae tribes{{sfn|Thiede|Eggli|2007}}
|align= left
|cladogram={{clade| style=width:{{{width|400}}}px;
|label1=Sempervivoideae
|1={{clade
|  1= Telephieae
|  2= {{clade
|     1= Umbilicieae
|     2= {{clade
|         1= Semperviveae
|         2={{clade
|            1= Aeonieae
|            2= Sedeae (Leucosedum+Acre)
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
{{clear}}
There are now thought to be approximately 55 European species. ''Sedum'' demonstrates a wide variation in [[chromosome]] numbers, and [[polyploidy]] is common. Chromosome number is considered an important taxonomic feature.{{sfn|Hart|1985}}
Earlier authors placed a number of ''Sedum'' species outside of these clades, such as ''[[Sedum spurium|S. spurium]]'', ''S. stellatum'' and ''S. kamtschaticum'' (Telephium clade),{{sfn|van Ham|Hart|1998}} that has been [[Segregate (taxonomy)|segregated]] into ''[[Phedimus]]'' (tribe Umbiliceae).{{sfn|Thiede|Eggli|2007}}{{sfn|Ohba et al|2000}}{{sfn|Fu|Ohba|2001|p=220}}{{sfn|ICN|2019}} Given the substantial taxonomic challenges presented by this highly polyphyletic genus, a number of radical solutions have been proposed for what is described as the "Sedum problem", all of which would require a substantial number of new combinations within Sempervivoideae. Nikulin and colleagues (2016) have recommended that, given the [[monophyly]] of Aeonieae and Semperviveae, species of ''Sedum'' outside of the tribe Sedeae (all in subgenus ''Gormania'') be removed from the genus and reallocated. However this does not resolve the problem of other genera embedded within ''Sedum'', in Sedeae.{{sfn|Nikulin et al|2016}} In the largest published phylogenetic study (2020), the authors propose placing all taxa within Sedeae in genus ''Sedum'', and transferring all other Sedum species in the remaining Sempervivoideae clades to other genera. This expanded ''Sedum'' ''s.l.'' would comprise about 755 species.{{sfn|Messerschmid et al|2020}}
===Subdivision===
Linnaeus originally described 15 species, characterised by pentamerous flowers, dividing them into two groups; Planifolia and Teretifolia, based on leaf morphology. with 15 [[species]], and hence bears his name as the [[botanical authority]] (L.).{{sfn|Hart|Jarvis|1993}} By 1828, de Candolle recognized 88 species, in six informal groups.{{sfn|de Candolle|1828}} Various attempts have been made to subdivide this large genus, in addition to [[Segregation (taxonomy)|segregating]] separate genera, including creation of informal groups, sections, series and subgenera. For an extensive history of subfamily Sedoideae, see {{harvnb|Ohba|1978}}.
[[Samuel Frederick Gray|Gray]] (1821) divided the 13 species known in Britain at that time into five sections; ''Rhodiola'', ''Telephium'', ''Sedum'', (unnamed) and ''Aizoon''.{{sfn|Gray|1821}} In 1921 [[Robert Lloyd Praeger|Praeger]] established ten sections; ''Rhodiola'', ''Pseudorhodiola'', ''Giraldiina'', ''Telephium'', ''Aizoon'', ''Mexicana'', ''Seda Genuina'', ''Sempervivoides'', ''Epeteium'' and ''Telmissa''.{{sfn|Praeger|1921}} This was later revised in what is the best known system, that of [[Alwin Berger|Berger]] (1930), who defined 22 subdivisions, which he called ''Reihe'' (sections or series).{{sfn|Berger|1930}} Berger's sections were:
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* ''Rhodiola''
* ''Pseudorhodiola''
* ''Telephium''
* ''Sedastrum''
* ''Hasseanthus''
* ''Lenophyllopsis''
* ''Populisedum''
* ''Graptopetalum''
* ''Monanthella''
* ''Perrierosedum''
* ''Pachysedum''
* ''Dendrosedum''
* ''Fruticisedum''
* ''Leptosedum''
* ''Afrosedum''
* ''Aizoon''
* ''Seda genuina''
* ''Prometheum''
* ''Cyprosedum''
* ''Epeteium''
* ''Sedella''
* ''Telmissa''
{{div col end}}
A number of these, he further subdivided.{{sfn|Berger|1930}} In contrast, Fröderströmm (1935) adopted a much broader circumscription of the genus, accepting only ''Sedum'' and ''Pseudosedum'' within the Sedoideae, dividing the former into 9 sections.{{sfn|Fröderströmm|1935}} Although this was followed by numerous other systems, the most widely accepted infrageneric classification following Berger, was by Ohba (1978).{{sfn|Ohba|1978}} Prior to this most species in Sedoideae were placed in genus ''Sedum''.{{sfn|Ohba et al|2000}} Of these systems, it was observed "No really satisfactory basis for the division of the family into genera has yet been proposed".{{sfn|Tutin et al|1993}}
Some other authors have added other series, and combined some of the series into groups, such as sections.{{sfn|Uhl|1978}} In particular ''Sedum'' section ''Sedum'' is divided into series (see [[#Clades|Clades]]) {{sfn|Nikulin et al|2016}}{{sfn|Ito et al|2017}} More recently, two subgenera have been recognised, ''Gormania'' and ''Sedum''.{{sfn|Nikulin et al|2016}}
* ''Gormania'': <small>(Britton) Clausen</small>. 110 species from Sempervivum, Aeonium and Leucosedum clades. Europe and North America.
* ''Sedum'': 320 species from Acre clade. Temperate and subtropical zones of Northern hemisphere (Asia and the Americas).{{sfn|Hart|Alpinar|1991}}
Subgenus ''Sedum'' has been considered as three geographically distinct, but equal sized sections:{{sfn|Hart|Alpinar|1991}}
* ''S.'' sect. ''Sedum'' ca. 120 spp. native to Europe, Asia Minor and N. Africa, ranging from N. Africa to central Scandinavia and from Iceland to the Ural Mountains, the Caucasus and Iran.
* ''S.'' sect. ''Americana'' <small>Frod.</small>
* ''S.'' sect. ''Asiatica'' <small>Frod.</small>
''S.'' sect. ''Sedum'' includes 54 species native to Europe, which Berger classified into 27 series.{{sfn|Hart|Alpinar|1991}}
==== Clades ====
Species and series include{{sfn|Hart|1995}}{{sfn|Hart|1995a}}{{sfn|Hart|1997}}{{sfn|van Ham|Hart|1998}}{{sfn|Thiede|Eggli|2007}}{{sfn|Nikulin et al|2016}}{{sfn|Mort et al|2001}}{{sfn|Ding et al|2019}}
=====Subgenus ''Gormania''=====
{|
|[[File:sedum reflexum 01.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|''[[Sedum rupestre]]''|alt=Sedum rupestre, the reflexed stonecrop]]
;Semperviveae
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''S''. series ''Rupestria'' (Eurasia)
** ''[[Sedum rupestre|S. rupestre]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small>
* ''S. armenum'' <small>[[Boiss.]] & [[A.Huet]]</small>
* ''S. assyriacum'' <small>[[Boiss.]]</small> (Near East){{efn|Unresolved name{{sfn|TPL|2013}}}}
* ''S. mooneyi'' <small>M.Gilbert</small> (NE Africa)
* ''[[Sedum sediforme|S. sediforme]]'' <small>([[Jacq.]]) [[Carlos Pau y Español|Pau]]</small>
{{div col end}}
Of about 80 Eurasian species, series ''Rupestria'' forms a distinct monophyletic group of about ten [[taxa]], which some authors have considered a separate genus, ''Petrosedum''.{{sfn|van Ham et al|1994}}{{sfn|Gallo|2017}}{{sfn|Gallo|2017a}} It was series 20 in Berger's classification. Native to Europe it has escaped cultivation and become naturalized in North America.{{sfn|Gallo|Zika|2014}}
{{clear}}
|}
{|
|[[File:Sedum caeruleum.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|''[[Sedum caeruleum]]''|alt=Sedum caeruleum, the sky stone-crop]]
;Aeonieae (N Africa)
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''S.'' series ''Pubescens''
** ''S. pubescens'' <small>[[Martin Vahl|Vahl]]</small>
* ''S.'' series ''Caerulea''
** ''[[Sedum caeruleum|S. caeruleum]]''{{sfn|Hart|2003|loc=p.&nbsp;41}}
* ''S. jaccardianum'' <small>[[René Maire|Maire]] & [[Ernst Wilczek|Wilczek]]</small>
* ''S.'' series ''Monanthoidea''
** ''Monanthes atlantica'' <small>J.Ball</small> (=''S. surculosum'' <small>[[Coss.]]</small>)
* ''S. modestum'' <small>[[Boiss.]]</small>
{{div col end}}
Embedded within series ''Monanthoidea'' are three Macaronesian segregate genera, ''[[Aichryson]]'', ''[[Monanthes]]'' and ''[[Aeonium]]''.{{sfn|Thiede|Eggli|2007}}
{{Clear}}
|}
{|
|[[File:Sedumdasyphyllum.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|''[[Sedum dasyphyllum]]''|alt=Sedum dasyphyllum, the Corsican stonecrop]]
;Sedeae - Leucosedum (Europe/Mediterranean/Near East/Central Asia)
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''S.'' series ''Aithales'' (Med)
** ''S. pallidum'' <small>[[M.Bieb.]]</small>
* ''S.'' series ''Alba'' (Med)
** ''[[Sedum album|S. album]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small>
** ''S. gracile'' <small>[[C.A.Mey.]]</small>
** ''S. magellense'' <small>[[Michele Tenore|Ten.]]</small>
* ''S.'' series ''Alsinefolia'' <small>[[All.]]</small> (Med)
* ''S.'' series ''Atrata'' (Med)
* ''S.'' series ''Brevifolia'' (Med)
* ''S.'' series ''Cepaea'' (Med)
* ''S. commixtum'' <small>[[Reid Venable Moran|Moran]] & Hutchison</small>
* ''S.'' series ''Convertifolia'' (Med)
* ''S.'' series ''Dasyphylla'' (Med)
** ''[[Sedum dasyphyllum|S. dasyphyllum]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''S.'' series ''Glauco-rubens'' (Med)
** ''[[Sedum hispanicum|S. hispanicum]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''S.'' series ''Gracile'' (Med)
* ''S.'' series ''Hirsuta'' (Med)
** ''S. hirsutum'' <small>[[All.]]</small>
{{div col end}}
In the [[Levant]], one species of this succulent (''S. microcarpum'') covers the stony ground like a carpet where the soil is shallow, growing no higher than 5–10 cm. At first, the fleshy leaves are a light green, but as the season progresses, the fleshy leaves turn red.
{{clear}}
|}
{|
|[[File:Succulent - Flora of Israel.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|''Sedum microcarpum''|alt=Sedum microcarpum, the small-fruited stone-crop]]
;Europe/Mediterranean/Near East/Central Asia
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''Sedum'' series ''Inconspicua'' (Med)
* ''S. ince'' <small>'t Hart & Alpinar</small>
* ''S. lydium'' <small>[[Boiss.]]</small>
* ''[[Sedum microcarpum|S. microcarpum]]'' <small>([[Sm.]]) [[Schönland]]</small>
* ''S.'' series ''Monregalense'' (Med)
* ''[[Sedum moranii|S. moranii]]'' <small>R.T.Clausen</small>
* ''S.'' series ''Nana'' (Med)
* ''S.'' series ''Pedicellata'' (Med)
* ''S. sedoides'' <small>([[Jacquem.]] ex [[Decne.]]) [[Carlos Pau y Español|Pau]]</small>
* ''S.'' series ''Steico'' (Med)
* ''S.'' series ''Subrosea'' (Med)
* ''S.'' series ''Subulata'' (Med)
* ''S.'' series ''Telmissa'' (Med)
* ''S.'' series ''Tenella'' (Med)
{{div col end}}
* Med = Mediterranean distribution
Embedded within the Leucosedum clade are the following genera: ''[[Rosularia]]'', ''[[Prometheum]]'', ''[[Sedella (plant)|Sedella]]'' and ''[[Dudleya]]''.{{sfn|Thiede|Eggli|2007}} ''Rosularia'' is paraphyletic, and some ''Sedum'' species, such as ''S. sempervivoides'' <small>Fischer ex M. Bieberstein</small> are assigned by some authors to ''Rosularia'', as ''R. sempervivoides'' <small>(Fischer ex M. Bieberstein) Boriss</small>.{{sfn|WFO|2019}}
{{Clear}}
|}
=====Subgenus ''Sedum'' =====
{|
|[[File:Sedum acre plant and flowers.png|thumb|upright=0.6|left|''[[Sedum sexangulare]]''|alt=Sedum sexangulare, the tasteless stonecrop]]
;Sedeae - Acre (Asia/Europe/Macaronesia/N. America)
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''S.'' series ''Alpestria'' <small>[[Alwin Berger|Berger]]</small>
** ''S. alpestre'' <small>[[Vill.]]</small> (Europe)
* ''S.'' series ''Acria''{{sfn|Messerschmid et al|2020}}
** ''[[Sedum acre|S. acre]]'' <small>L.</small> (Europe)
* ''S. bourgaei'' <small>[[Hemsl.]]</small> (Mexico)
* ''S. bulbiferum'' <small>[[Tomitaro Makino|Makino]]</small> (Asia)
* ''S. burito'' <small>[[Reid Venable Moran|Moran]]</small> (Mexico)
* ''S. cockerellii'' <small>[[Nathaniel Lord Britton|Britton]]</small> (N. America)
* ''[[Sedum dendroideum|S. dendroideum]]'' <small>[[Moc.]] & [[Sessé]] ex [[DC.]]</small> (Mexico)
* ''S. farinosum'' <small>[[Richard Thomas Lowe|Lowe]]</small> (Macaronesia)
* ''S. furfuraceum'' Moran (N. America)
* ''S. fusiforme'' <small>[[Richard Thomas Lowe|Lowe]]</small> (Macaronesia)
* ''S. hakonense'' <small>Makino</small> (Asia)
* ''S. hemsleanum'' <small>Rose</small> (N. America)
* ''S. japonicum'' <small>[[Philipp Franz Balthasar von Siebold|Siebold]] ex [[Miq.]]</small> (Asia)
* ''S. laconicum'' <small>[[Boiss.]] & [[Heldr.]]</small> (Mediterranean)
* ''[[Sedum lineare|S. lineare]]'' <small>[[Thunb.]]</small> ([[syn.]] ''S. subtile'') (Asia)
* ''S. litoreum'' <small>[[Guss.]]</small>  (Europe)
* ''S.'' series ''Macaronesica'' (Macaronesia)
* ''S. makinoi'' <small>[[Maxim.]]</small> (Asia)
* ''S. meyeri-johannis'' <small>[[Adolf Engler|Engl.]]</small> (Africa)
* ''[[Sedum mexicanum|S. mexicanum]]'' <small>[[Nathaniel Lord Britton|Britton]]</small> (Asia)
* ''S. morrisonense'' <small>[[Bunzō Hayata|Hayata]]</small> (Asia)
* ''S. multicaule'' <small>[[Wall.]] ex [[Lindl.]]</small> (Asia)
* ''[[Sedum multiceps|S. multiceps]]'' <small>[[Coss.]] & [[Michel Charles Durieu de Maisonneuve|Durieu]]</small> (Europe, N Africa, S America)
* ''S. nudum'' <small>[[William Aiton|Aiton]]</small> (Macaronesia)
* ''[[Sedum oaxacanum|S. oaxacanum]]'' <small>[[Joseph Nelson Rose|Rose]]</small> (N. America)
* ''S. obcordatum'' <small>R.T. Clausen</small> (N. America)
* ''S. oreades'' <small>([[Decne.]]) Raym.-Hamet</small> (Asia)
* ''S. oryzifolium'' <small>Makino</small> (Asia)
* ''S.'' section ''Pachysedum'' (N. America)
* ''S. plumbizincicola'' <small>X.H.Guo & S.B.Zhou ex L.H.Wu</small> (China)
* ''S. polytrichoides'' <small>[[Hemsl.]]</small> (Asia)
* ''S. reptans'' <small>R.T.Clausen</small> (Mexico)
* ''[[Sedum rubrotinctum|S. rubrotinctum]]'' <small>R.T. Clausen</small> (Americas, Australasia)
* ''[[Sedum sarmentosum|S. sarmentosum]]'' <small>[[Alexander Georg von Bunge|Bunge]]</small> (Asia)
* ''[[Sedum sexangulare|S. sexangulare]]'' <small>L.</small> (Europe)
* ''[[Sedum ternatum|S. ternatum]]'' <small>[[Michx.]]</small> (N. America)
* ''S. tosaense'' <small>Makino</small> (Asia)
* ''S. triactina'' <small>[[A.Berger]]</small> (Asia)
* ''S. trullipetalum'' <small>[[Hook.f.]] & [[Thomas Thomson (botanist)|Thomson]]</small> (Asia)
* ''S. urvillei'' <small>[[DC.]]</small> (Mediterranean)
* ''S. yabeanum'' <small>Makino</small> (Asia)
* ''S. zentaro-tashiroi'' <small>Makino</small> (Asia)
{{div col end}}
Embedded within the Acre clade are the following genera: ''[[Villadia]]'', ''[[Lenophyllum]]'', ''[[Graptopetalum]]'', ''[[Thompsonella]]'', ''[[Echeveria]]'' and ''[[Pachyphytum]]''.{{sfn|Thiede|Eggli|2007}} The species within Acre, can be broadly grouped into two subclades, American/European and Asian.{{sfn|Mort et al|2009}}{{sfn|van Ham|Hart|1998}}
{{Clear}}
|}
===List of selected species===
{{main|List of Sedum species}}
{{hidden begin |showhide=left}}
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*''[[Sedum acre]]''  <small>L.</small> – wall-pepper, goldmoss sedum, goldmoss stonecrop, biting stonecrop
*''[[Sedum albomarginatum]]'' <small>Clausen</small> – Feather River stonecrop
*''[[Sedum album]]'' <small>L.</small> – white stonecrop<!-- syn. ''Sedum brevifolium'' -->
*''[[Sedum alfredii]]''
*''[[Sedum anglicum]]'' – English stonecrop
*''[[Sedum brevifolium]]''
*''[[Sedum burrito]]'' – baby burro's-tail
*''[[Sedum caeruleum]]''
*''[[Sedum cauticola]]''
*''[[Sedum clavatum]]''
*''[[Sedum cyprium]]''
*''[[Sedum dasyphyllum]]'' <small>L.</small> – thick-leaved stonecrop
*''[[Sedum debile]]'' <small>S.Watson</small> – orpine stonecrop, weakstem stonecrop
*''[[Sedum dendroideum]]'' <small>Moc. & Sessé ex A.DC.</small> – tree stonecrop
*''[[Sedum divergens]]'' <small>S.Watson</small> – spreading stonecrop
*''[[Sedum eastwoodiae]]'' <small>(Britt.) Berger</small> – Red Mountain stonecrop
*''[[Sedum erythrostictum]]'' <small> syn. [[Hylotelephium]] erythrostictum </small>
*''[[Sedum glaucophyllum]]'' <small>Clausen</small> – cliff stonecrop
*''[[Sedum hispanicum]]''  <small>L.</small> – Spanish stonecrop
*''[[Sedum lampusae]]'' <small>(Kotschy) Boiss.</small>
*''[[Sedum lanceolatum]]'' <small>Torr.</small> – lance-leaf stonecrop, lanceleaf stonecrop, spearleaf stonecrop
*''[[Sedum laxum]]'' <small>(Britt.) Berger</small> – roseflower stonecrop
*''[[Sedum lineare]]'' – needle stonecrop
*''[[Sedum mexicanum]]'' <small>Britt.</small> – Mexican stonecrop
*''[[Sedum microstachyum]]'' <small>(Kotschy) Boiss.</small> – small-spiked stonecrop
*''[[Sedum moranii]]'' <small>Clausen</small> – Rogue River stonecrop
*''[[Sedum morganianum]]'' – donkey tail, burro tail
*''[[Sedum multiceps]]'' – pygmy Joshua tree, dwarf Joshua tree
*''[[Sedum niveum]]'' <small>A.Davids.</small> – Davidson's stonecrop
*''[[Sedum nussbaumerianum]]''  <small>Bitter</small>, syn. ''Sedum adolphi'' – golden sedum
*''[[Sedum oaxacanum]]'' <small>Rose</small>
*''[[Sedum oblanceolatum]]'' <small>Clausen</small> – oblongleaf stonecrop
*''[[Sedum obtusatum]]'' <small>Gray</small> – sierra stonecrop
**''Sedum obtusatum'' ssp. ''paradisum'' <small>Denton</small> – paradise stonecrop
*''[[Sedum ochroleucum]]'' <small>Chaix</small> – European stonecrop
*''[[Sedum oreganum]]'' <small>Nutt.</small> – Oregon stonecrop
*''[[Sedum oregonense]]'' <small>(S.Watson) M.E.Peck</small> – cream stonecrop
*''[[Sedum palmeri]]'' <small>S.Watson</small> – Palmer's stonecrop
*''[[Sedum perezdelarosae]]'' <small>Jimeno-Sevilla</small>
*''[[Sedum porphyreum]]'' <small>Kotschy</small> – purple stonecrop
*''[[Sedum pulchellum]]'' <small>Michx.</small> – widow's-cross
*''[[Sedum radiatum]]'' <small>S.Watson</small> – Coast Range stonecrop
*''[[Sedum rubrotinctum]]'' – pork and beans, Christmas cheer, jellybeans
*''[[Sedum rupestre]]'' <small>L.</small> – reflexed stonecrop, blue stonecrop, Jenny's stonecrop, prick-madam
*''[[Sedum sarmentosum]]'' <small>Bunge</small> – stringy stonecrop
*''[[Sedum sediforme]]''  <small>(Jacq.) Pau</small>  pale stonecrop
*''[[Sedum sexangulare]]'' – tasteless stonecrop
*''[[Sedum sieboldii]]'' – Siebold's stonecrop
*''[[Sedum smallii]]'', syn. ''Diamorpha smallii'' – Small's stonecrop
*''[[Sedum spathulifolium]]'' <small>[[Hook.f.]]</small> – Broadleaf stonecrop, Colorado stonecrop
*''[[Sedum spurium]]'' – Caucasian stonecrop, dragon's blood sedum, two-row stonecrop
*''[[Sedum stenopetalum]]'' <small>Pursh</small> – wormleaf stonecrop, yellow stonecrop
*''[[Sedum telephium]]''  <small>L.</small>
*''[[Sedum ternatum]]'' <small>Michx.</small> – woodland stonecrop
*''[[Sedum takesimense]]''
*''[[Sedum telephium]]''
*''[[Sedum villosum]]'' – hairy stonecrop, purple stonecrop
*''[[Sedum weinbergii]]''
{{div col end}}
{{hidden end}}
==Distribution and habitat==
Distributed in mainly in [[temperate]] to [[subtropical]] climates the Northern hemisphere, extending to the Southern hemisphere in Africa and South America,{{sfn|Fu|Ohba|2001 |p=221}} being most diverse in the Mediterranean,{{sfn|Hart|1997}} Central America, Himalayas, and East Asia.{{sfn|Ito et al|2017}} In this respect, the two subgenera differ. Subgenus ''Sedum'' having a [[centre of diversity]] in Mexico, and Gormania in Eurasia with a secondary centre in N America. {{sfn|Hart|1997}}
==Ecology==
''Sedum'' species are used as food plants by the [[Caterpillar|larvae]] of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including the [[grey chi]] moth. In particular, ''[[Sedum spathulifolium]]'' is the host plant of the endangered [[San Bruno elfin]] butterfly of [[San Mateo County, California]].{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} ''[[Sedum lanceolatum]]'' is the host plant of the more common ''[[Parnassius smintheus]]'' found in the Rocky Mountains.{{sfn|Doyle|2011}} As well as ''Sedum spathulifolium'', many other species of ''Sedum'' serve the environmental role of host plants for butterflies. For example, the butterfly ''[[Callophrys xami]]'' uses several species of ''Sedum'', such as ''Sedum allantoides'', for suitable host plants.{{sfn|Opler|1999}}{{sfn|Ziegler|Escalante|1964}}
==Uses==
===Ornamental===
Many sedums are [[Horticulture|cultivated]] as [[Ornamental plant|ornamental]] [[garden]] plants, due to their interesting and attractive appearance and hardiness. The various species differ in their requirements; some are cold-hardy but do not tolerate heat, some require heat but do not tolerate cold.
Numerous hybrid [[cultivars]] have been developed, of which the following have gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]]:{{efn| name=Hylotelephium|''[[Hylotelephium]]'' often considered a separate genus }}
* 'Herbstfreude' ('Autumn Joy')<ref name=RHSHerbstfreude/>
* 'Bertram Anderson'<ref name=RHSBAnderson/>
* 'Matrona'<ref name=RHSMatrona/>
* 'Ruby Glow'<ref name=RHSRuby/>
===As food===
The leaves of most stonecrops are edible,{{sfn|Pojar|MacKinnon|2004|loc=p.&nbsp;157}} excepting ''[[Sedum rubrotinctum]],'' although toxicity has also been reported in some other species.{{sfn|NCSU|2016}} The juice from the stems and leaves may irritate skin if handled excessively.{{sfn|Reiner|1969|p=56}}
''[[Sedum reflexum]]'', known as "prickmadam", "stone orpine", or "crooked yellow stonecrop", is occasionally used as a [[salad leaf]] or [[herb]] in [[Europe]], including the United Kingdom.{{sfn|PFAF|2012}} It has a slightly [[astringent]] [[sour]] taste.
''[[Sedum divergens]]'', known as "spreading stonecrop", was eaten by First Nations people in northwest [[British Columbia]]. The plant is used as a salad herb by the [[Haida people|Haida]] and the [[Nisga'a]] people. It is common in the Nass Valley of British Columbia.{{sfn|Pojar|MacKinnon|2004|loc=p.&nbsp;156}}
Biting stonecrop (''[[Sedum acre]]'') contains high quantities of [[piperidine alkaloids]] (namely (+)-[[sedridine]], (−)-[[sedamine]], [[sedinone]] and [[isopelletierine]]), which give it a sharp, peppery, acrid taste and make it somewhat [[Toxicity|toxic]].
===Roofing===
''Sedum'' can be used to provide a roof covering in [[green roof]]s,{{sfn|NCSU|2019}}{{sfn|Monterusso et al|2005}} where they are preferred to [[grass]]es.{{sfn|Kalinowski|2009}} Examples include [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'s [[Dearborn, Michigan]] Truck Plant, which has a living roof with {{convert|454,000|sqft}} of sedum.{{sfn|Greenroofs|2003}} The [[Rolls-Royce Motor Cars]] plant in [[Goodwood plant|Goodwood]], [[England]], has a {{convert|242,000|sqft}} roof complex covered in ''Sedum'', the largest in the United Kingdom.{{sfn|Sussex Life|2013}} Nintendo of America's roof is covered in some {{convert|75,000|sqft}} of ''Sedum''.{{sfn|Totilo|2011}} The [[Javits Center]] in New York City is covered with {{convert|292,000|sqft}} of ''Sedum''.{{sfn|NYREJ|2013}}
===Green tramway===
[[File:Tiefliegendes Rasengleis mit Bodendeckern der Basler Verkehrs-Betriebe in Riehen.jpg|thumb|right|Sedum used as ground cover for [[green track]]s]]
[[Berlin|Berlin's]] [[Prenzlauer Allee]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Green Tram Tracks |url=https://nacto.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/3-7_Green-Tram-Tracks-The-Advantages-of-Implementing-Vegetation-Systems-in-Tram-Tracks_2010.pdf |access-date=22 May 2022}}</ref> [[Le Mans]], and [[Warsaw]], for example, plant sedum in between rails of some [[Tram|tramways]] as a low maintenance alternative to grass. This provides beautification, a permeable surface for water management, and noise reduction.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jakubcová |first1=E. |last2=Horváthová |first2=E. |title=Costs and Benefits of Green Tramway Tracks |journal=Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica |date=1 December 2020 |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=99–106 |doi=10.2478/sab-2020-0012 |s2cid=231543550 |language=en|doi-access=free }}</ref>
==Gallery==
{{Gallery
|title=Select ''Sedum'' species |width=200 | height=170 |align=center |footer=
|Image:Mauerpfeffer Sedum acre.jpg|''[[Sedum acre]]''
|Image:Sedum dendroideum 1.jpg|''[[Sedum dendroideum]]''
|Image:Sedum glaucophyllum3.jpg|''[[Sedum glaucophyllum]]''
|Image:Sedum ochroleucum.JPG|''[[Sedum ochroleucum]]''
|Image:Sedum spathulifolium2.jpg|''[[Sedum spathulifolium]]''
|Image:Sedum stenopetalum2.jpg|''[[Sedum stenopetalum]]''
|Image:Sedum lanceolatum (Keck).jpg|''[[Sedum lanceolatum]]''
|Image: 佛甲草 20190418071931.jpg |''[[Sedum lineare]]''
}}
==Notes==
{{notelist|group=Hylotelephium}}
==References==
{{Reflist|20em|refs=
<ref name=RHSHerbstfreude>{{harvnb|RHS|2019|loc=[http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=1816 ''Hylotelephium'' 'Herbstfreude']}}</ref>
<ref name=RHSBAnderson>{{harvnb|RHS|2019|loc=[http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=4125 ''Hylotelephium'' 'Bertram Anderson']}}</ref>
<ref name=RHSMatrona>{{harvnb|RHS|2019|loc=[http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=5036 ''Hylotelephium'' 'Matrona']}}</ref>
<ref name=RHSRuby>{{harvnb|RHS|2019|loc=[http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=1817 ''Hylotelephium'' 'Ruby Glow']}}</ref>
}}
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* {{cite journal |last1=Nikulin |first1=Vyacheslav Yu |last2=Gontcharov |first2=Andrey A. |title=Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of Sedum L. (Crassulaceae) and closely related genera based on cpDNA gene matK and ITS rDNA sequence comparisons |journal=Botanicheskii Zhurnal |date=2017 |volume=102 |issue=2 |pages=309–328 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316093889 |language=ru }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Ohba |first1=Hideaki |title=The taxonomic status of Sedum telephium and its allied species (Crassulaceae) |journal=The Botanical Magazine Tokyo |date=March 1977 |volume=90 |issue=1 |pages=41–56 |doi=10.1007/BF02489468|s2cid=22239507}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Ohba |first1=H |title=Generic and infrageneric classification of the old world sedoideae crassulaceae |journal=Journal of the Faculty of Science University of Tokyo Section III Botany 12(4): 139-193 |date=1978 |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=139–193}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Ohba |first1=Hideaki |last2=Bartholomew |first2=Bruce M |last3=Turland |first3=Nicholas J |last4=Kunjun |first4=Fu |title=New Combinations in Phedimus (Crassulaceae) |journal=Novon |date=2000 |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=400–402 |url=http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/novon/Ohbaetal110-4.htm |doi=10.2307/3392995 |jstor=3392995 |ref={{harvid|Ohba et al|2000}} }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Praeger |first1=R. Lloyd |author-link=Robert Lloyd Praeger |title=An account of the genus Sedum as found in cultivation |journal=[[Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society]] |date=1921 |volume=46 |pages=1–314 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/15616#/summary }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Uhl |first1=Charles H. |title=Chromosomes of Mexican Sedum II. Section Pachysedum |journal=[[Rhodora]] |date=1978 |volume=80 |issue=824 |pages=491–512 |issn=0035-4902 |jstor=23311260 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=van Ham |first1=Roeland C. H. J. |last2=Hart |first2=Henk ’t |title=Phylogenetic relationships in the Crassulaceae inferred from chloroplast DNA restriction-site variation |journal=[[American Journal of Botany]] |date=January 1998 |volume=85 |issue=1 |pages=123–134 |doi=10.2307/2446561 |jstor=2446561 |pmid=21684886 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal|last1=Ziegler|first1=J. Benjamin|last2=Escalante|first2=Tarsicio|title=Observations on the Life History of Callophrys Xami (Lycaenidae)|journal=[[Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society]]|date=1964|volume=18|issue=2|pages=85–89|url=http://images.peabody.yale.edu/lepsoc/jls/1960s/1964/1964-18(2)85-Ziegler.pdf}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Zika |first1=Peter F. |last2=Wilson |first2=Barbara L. |last3=Brainerd |first3=Richard E. |last4=Otting |first4=Nick |last5=Darington |first5=Steven |last6=Knaus |first6=Brian J. |last7=Nelson |first7=Julie Kierstead |title=A review of Sedum section Gormania (Crassulaceae) in western North America |journal=[[Phytotaxa]] |date=10 September 2018 |volume=368 |issue=1 |pages=1 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.368.1.1|ref={{harvid|Zika et al|2018}}|doi-access=free }}
===Websites===
* {{cite web |last1=Cammidge |first1=Jacki |title=Succulents and Water Wise Perennials |url=https://www.drought-smart-plants.com/ |website=Drought Smart Plants |access-date=3 September 2019 |date=2019 }}
* {{cite web |title=Sedum Society |url=http://www.cactus-mall.com/sedum/ |website=www.cactus-mall.com |access-date=3 September 2019 }}
* {{cite web |last1=Faucon |first1=Philippe |title=Plants Belonging to the Genus 'Sedum' |url=http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Crassulaceae/Sedum.html |website=Desert Tropicals |access-date=4 September 2019 |date=2004 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923223206/http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Crassulaceae/Sedum.html |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite web |title=Find a plant |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants |publisher=Royal Horticultural Society |access-date=4 September 2019 |date=2019 |ref={{harvid|RHS|2019}} }}
* {{cite web |title=Sedum spp. |url=http://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/all/sedum-spp/ |publisher=[[North Carolina State University]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315053800/http://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/all/sedum-spp/ |archive-date=15 March 2015 |access-date=11 September 2019 |ref={{harvid|NCSU|2016}} }}
* {{cite web |title=Sedum |website=Plant toolbox |url=https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/sedum |publisher=[[North Carolina State University]] |access-date=11 September 2019 |ref={{harvid|NCSU|2019}} }}
* {{cite web |last1=PFAF |author-link=Plants for a Future |title=Sedum rupestre L. Crooked Yellow Stonecrop PFAF Plant Database |url=https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Sedum+rupestre |website=PFAF Plant Database |publisher=Plants for a Future |date=2012 }}
* {{cite web|title=Rolls-Royce - Made in Sussex|url=http://sussex.greatbritishlife.co.uk/article/rolls-royce-made-in-sussex-goodwood-bmw-26150/|work=Sussex Life|date=20 February 2013|access-date=22 September 2019|ref={{harvid|Sussex Life|2013}}|archive-date=6 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306061132/http://sussex.greatbritishlife.co.uk/article/rolls-royce-made-in-sussex-goodwood-bmw-26150/|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|last=Totilo|first=Stephen|title=The Coolest Things in Nintendo's American Headquarters (And One Uncool Thing)|date=25 August 2011|publisher=Kotaku|url=http://kotaku.com/5834386/the-coolest-things-in-nintendos-american-headquarters-and-one-uncool-thing|access-date=22 September 2019}}
* {{cite journal|title=Project of the Month: FXFOWLE, Epstein and Tishman complete renovation/ expansion of $465 million Jacob K. Javits Convention Center|url=http://nyrej.com/project-of-the-month-fxfowle-epstein-and-tishman-complete-renovation-expansion-of-465-million-jacob-k-javits-convention-center|date=9 December 2013|journal=New York Real Estate Journal|access-date=22 September 2019|ref={{harvid|NYREJ|2013}}}}
* {{Cite news |first=Tess |last=Kalinowski |title=Green roof takes root at Eglinton West |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/675703 |date=4 August 2009 |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |access-date=18 September 2019 }}
* {{Cite web|title=Ford Motor Company's River Rouge Truck Plant|url=http://www.greenroofs.com/projects/ford-motor-companys-river-rouge-truck-plant/|website=Projects|date=2003|publisher=Greenroofs|ref={{harvid|Greenroofs|2003}}}}
* {{cite web |title=International Crassulaceae Network |url=http://www.crassulaceae.ch/de/home |access-date=5 September 2019 |ref={{harvid|ICN|2019}} }}
; Databases and flora
* {{cite web |last1=Fu |first1=Kunjun |last2=Ohba |first2=Hideaki |last3=Gilbert |first3=Michael |title=Crassulaceae Candolle |website=[[Flora of China (series)|Flora of China]] |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10225 |access-date=24 August 2019 }}<br/>{{cite book |last1=Fu |first1=Kunjun |last2=Ohba |first2=Hideaki |year=2001 |chapter=CRASSULACEAE Candolle |chapter-url=http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume08/CRASSULACEAE.pdf |pages=202–268 |title-link=Flora of China (series) |title=Flora of China |volume=8 }}
** {{cite web |title=Sedum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 430. 1753 |website=[[Flora of China (series)|Flora of China]] |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=129989 |access-date=24 August 2019 }}<br>{{cite book |year=2001 |chapter=SEDUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 430. 1753 |chapter-url=http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF08/SEDUM.pdf |pages=221–251 |title=Flora of China |volume=8 }}
** {{cite book |year=2001 |chapter=PHEDIMUS Rafinesque, Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 1: 438. 1817 |chapter-url=http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF08/PHEDIMUS.pdf |pages=218–220 |title=Flora of China |volume=8 }}
* {{cite web |last=GRIN |author-link=Germplasm Resources Information Network |title=''Sedum'' L. |url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=11032 |work=National Plant Germplasm System |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]] |date=2019 |access-date=3 August 2019 }}
* {{cite web|last=Stevens|first=P.F.|author-link=Peter F. Stevens|date=2019|orig-year=2001|website=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website|title=Crassulaceae|publisher=[[Missouri Botanical Garden]]|url=http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/APWeb/orders/Saxifragalesweb.htm#Crassulaceae|access-date=4 August 2019}} (''see also'' [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Website]])
* {{cite web|last1=TPL|author-link=The Plant List|title=The Plant List Version 1.1: Sedum|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Crassulaceae/Sedum/|publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] and [[Missouri Botanical Garden]]|access-date=1 September 2019|date=2013}}
* {{cite web|last=WFO|title=Sedum L.|url=http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4000034941|website=World Flora Online|access-date=1 September 2019|date=2019}}
* {{cite web |title=Sedum L. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30001444-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |access-date=2 September 2019 |date=2019 }}
{{refend}}
==External links==
{{Wiktionary}}
{{Commons category|Sedum}}
{{Wikispecies|Sedum}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q156851}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Sedum| ]]
[[Category:Garden plants]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
[[Category:Succulent plants]]
[[Category:Crassulaceae genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]