View source for Sergipe

{{short description|State of Brazil}}
{{other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name               = Sergipe
| official_name      =
| native_name        =
| native_name_lang   = pt<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. -->
| settlement_type    = [[States of Brazil|State]]
| image_skyline      =
| image_caption      =
| image_flag         = Bandeira de Sergipe.svg
| flag_alt           =
| image_shield       = Brasão de Sergipe.svg
| shield_alt         =
| nickname           =
| motto              = {{lang|la|Sub Lege Libertas}} ([[Latin language|Latin]])<br/>("Liberty under the law")
| anthem             = {{Interlanguage link|Hino de Sergipe|pt}}
| image_map          = Sergipe in Brazil.svg
| map_alt            =
| map_caption        = Location of State of Sergipe in Brazil
| coor_pinpoint      =
| coordinates        = {{coord|-10.56|-37.36|type:adm1st_region:BR-SE|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Brazil}}
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = July 8, 1820
| founder            =
| seat_type          = [[Capital (political)|Capital]] and largest city
| seat               = [[Aracaju]]
| government_footnotes =
| leader_title       = [[Governor (Brazil)|Governor]]
| leader_name        = Fábio Mitidieri ([[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)|PSD]])
| leader_title1      = Vice Governor
| leader_name1       = Zezinho Sobral ([[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|PDT]])
| leader_title2      = [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senators]]
| leader_name2       = [[Alessandro Vieira]] ([[Brazilian Democratic Movement|MDB]])<br>[[Laercio Oliveira]] ([[Progressistas|PP]])<br>[[Rogério Carvalho Santos|Rogério Carvalho]] ([[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]])
| unit_pref          = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes     =
| area_total_km2     = 21910.4
| area_rank          = [[List of Brazilian states by area|26th]]
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m        =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census2022">{{Cite web|url=https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/|title=2022 Census Overview|lang=pt}}</ref>
| population_total   = 2210004
| population_as_of   = 2022
| population_rank    = [[List of Brazilian states by population|22nd]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_rank = [[List of Brazilian states by population density|5th]]
| population_demonym = Sergipano
| population_note    =
| demographics_type1 = GDP
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name="bge">{{Cite web |title=PIB por Unidade da Federação, 2021|url=https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/national-accounts/19567-gross-domestic-product-of-municipalities.html|website=ibge.gov.br}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Total
| demographics1_info1 = [[Brazilian real|R$]] 51.861 billion<br />([[US$]] 9.620 billion)
| demographics_type2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| demographics2_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| demographics2_title1 = Year
| demographics2_info1 = 2021
| demographics2_title2 = Category
| demographics2_info2 = 0.702<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil. Pnud Brasil, Ipea e FJP, 2022. |url=http://www.atlasbrasil.org.br/ranking |access-date=2023-06-11 |website=www.atlasbrasil.org.br}}</ref> – <span style="color:#0c0">high</span> ([[List of Brazilian states by Human Development Index|17th]])
| timezone1          = [[Time in Brazil|BRT]]
| utc_offset1        = -3
| timezone1_DST      =
| utc_offset1_DST    =
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:BR|BR-SE]]
| postal_code_type   = Postal Code
| postal_code        = 49000-000 to 49990-000
| website            = [http://www.se.gov.br/ se.gov.br]
| footnotes          =
| registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of Brazil|License Plate Letter Sequence]]
| registration_plate = HZB to IAP, NVG to NVN, OEJ to OES, OZB, QKN to QKZ, QMA to QMP, RQW to RRH
}}
'''Sergipe''' ({{IPA|pt-BR|sɛʁˈʒipi|lang|Pt-br Sergipe.ogg}}), officially '''State of Sergipe''', is a [[States of Brazil|state]] of [[Brazil]]. Located in the [[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeast Region]] along the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] coast of the country, Sergipe is the smallest state in Brazil by geographical area at {{convert|21,910|km2|mi2}}, larger only than the [[Federal District (Brazil)|Federal District]]. Sergipe borders [[Bahia]] to the south and west and [[Alagoas]] to the north. [[Aracaju]] is the capital and the largest city in the state; the state is divided into 75 [[Municipalities of Brazil|municipalities]]. The state has 1.1% of the Brazilian population and produces only 0.6% of the Brazilian [[GDP]].<ref name="ig"/>
==Geography==
As with most of the states in northeastern Brazil, inland Sergipe is almost entirely [[savanna]] (''[[caatinga]]''), and its coastline is characterized by [[mangrove]]s, [[swamp]]s and sandy [[beach]]es. A small strip of [[tropical rainforest]] runs down the coast.
[[Image:Teleférico de Aracaju.jpg|thumb|left|[[Aerial tramway]] in Aracaju.]]
The [[São Francisco River]] forms its northern boundary, and the drainage of the northern part of the state is northward and eastward to that river. The southern half of the state slopes eastward and is drained directly into the Atlantic through a number of small rivers, the largest of which are the Irapiranga (whose source in the state of Bahia is called Vaza Barris), the [[Real River (Brazil)|Real]] and the [[Cotinguiba River|Cotinguiba]]. These streams are navigable for short distances, but are obstructed by [[mouth bar|sandbars at their mouths]]; because of these, there are no good ports on the coast. The surface of the state resembles, in part, that of Bahia, with a zone of forested lands near the coast and beyond this forested zone lies a higher zone of rough open country, called ''[[agreste]]''. There is a sandy belt along the coast, and the western frontier is slightly mountainous. The land in between is very fertile, especially in the forested region where rainfall is abundant. Further inland, the year is divided into wet and dry seasons with occasional prolonged droughts. These are [[pastoral]] areas, and the lower fertile lands are cultivated.<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911 |wstitle=Sergipe |volume=24 |pages=666–667 |inline=1}}</ref>
[[Image:Skyline Aracaju1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Skyline]] of [[Aracaju]].]]
The capital of the state is [[Aracaju]] (pop. 479 767 in 2003), on the lower course or [[estuary]] of the Cotinguiba River, near the coast. The sandbar at the entrance to this river is exceptionally dangerous, and the port is frequented only by coasting vessels of light [[draft (hull)|draught]]. The city is found on a sandy plain, and there are sand dunes within the city limits. In 1911, the main public buildings included a large plain church with unfinished twin towers, the government palace, the legislative halls, a public school and public hospital.<ref name=EB1911/>
The other principal towns are [[Estância, Sergipe|Estância]] - pop. 62,218 (in 2005) on the Rio Real river in the southern part of the state and a center for the manufacturing of cotton-based textiles, cigars, cigarettes and [[soap]] as well as an active trade center; [[Laranjeiras, Sergipe|Laranjeiras]] - pop. 26,452 (in 2005), located in a highly productive sugar-growing district north of the capital; [[Capela, Sergipe|Capela]] - pop. 27,403 (in 2005); [[Simão Dias]] - pop. 39,706 (in 2005); [[Lagarto, Sergipe|Lagarto]] - pop. 90,345 (in 2005); [[São Cristóvão]], formerly Sergipe d'el-Rey - pop. 75,353 (in 2005), which was also the old colonial capital near the mouth of the Irapiranga.
:See also [[List of municipalities in Sergipe (SE), Brazil]].
==History==
[[Image:Documento real da emancipação da capitania de Sergipe 1820.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Royal decree of King John VI, granting the administrative emancipation of the Captaincy of Sergipe on July 8, 1820.]]
[[Image:Ponte Aracaju-Barra.jpg|thumb|right|Aracaju-Barra Bridge at night.]]
Present-day Sergipe was home to numerous indigenous peoples, including the Kanindé (Canindé), [[Aratus]], and [[Tupi people]]s. [[Gaspar de Lemos]] briefly landed in the region in 1501, and the Portuguese Crown declared the region part of the [[Captaincy of Bahia]]. The area of Sergipe was one of the last coastal regions of Brazil whose indigenous population (consisting of [[Tupinambá people|Tupinambá tribes]]) resisted subjugation to Portuguese colonial rule. The area was fully brought under Portuguese rule after approximately two decades of warfare during which thousands of natives were murdered and thousands more enslaved to work on sugar plantations. [[São Cristóvão]] was the site of the first [[Portugal|Portuguese]] settlement, in 1591, at Sergipe D'El-Rey.<ref>Hemming, John. ''Red Gold — The conquest of the Brazilian Indians'' 2nd Edition. 1995. Pgs. 175-177. ISBN 0-330-42732-6</ref>
As with other states in the northeast, Sergipe was invaded numerous times by the [[Netherlands|Dutch]], and frequently raided by French [[buccaneer]]s. During the 17th century, the state was known throughout the Americas for its [[Dalbergia cearensis|king-wood]], a prized commodity that was the primary attraction during the buccaneer raids, and probably a factor in Dutch military expeditions. From 1641 to 1645, the territory belonged to Dutch-controlled Brazil ([[New Holland (Brazil)|New Holland]]). The Dutch built a fort, the first in the region, between the rivers São Francisco and Sergipe.
The Portuguese regained control in 1645. By the 18th century, the Portuguese military had driven off the pirates permanently. Sergipe remained a part of the state of Bahia, and was responsible for a third of Bahia's sugar production by 1723. Sugarcane culture was established in the valleys of the São Francisco, Japaratuba, Sergipe, Vaza-Barris, Piauí and Real rivers. Areas unsuitable for sugarcane plantations on the coast and in the hinterland were developed for livestock; Sergipe subsequently became a supplier of draft animals for the farms of Bahia and Pernambuco. The region was also a significant producer of leather. [[John VI of Portugal]] signed a decree to separated Sergipe from Bahia on July 8, 1820, and Brigadier Carlos César Burlamárqui was named the state's first governor.<ref name="ig"/>
Sergipe retained its separation from Bahia after the [[Independence of Brazil]] in 1822, first briefly as the Captaincy of Sergipe, then as the Province of Sergipe. Economic development was low during the [[Empire of Brazil]] in the 19th century, other than a brief cotton boom in the second half of the century. The provincial president Inácio Joaquim Barbosa moved the capital from inland São Cristóvão to coastal [[Aracaju]] on the coast on March 17, 1855. Sergipe became a state under the proclamation of the Republic of Brazil in 1892.
===20th century===
The state saw bitter political disputes in the early 20th century, notably between [[Fausto Cardoso]] (1864-1906) and Olímpio Campos. Sergipe became notorious for its outlaws in the 1930s, including Virgolino Ferreira da Silva, better known as [[Lampião]], the "King of Bandits", who terrorized the state for almost a decade until his beheading by the Brazilian police in 1938. His head was later displayed on a pole in a village square.
Coastal Sergipe was attacked by [[Nazi Germany]] at the beginning of [[World War II]] in response to the rupture of relations between Brazil and the [[Axis powers]]. The [[German submarine U-507]], commanded by [[Harro Schacht]], attacked the [[Brazilian cargo ship Baependi|Baependi]], [[Brazilian cargo ship Araraquara|Araraquara]], and {{Ill|Brazilian cargo ship Aníbal Benévolo|lt=Aníbal Benévolo|pt|Aníbal Benévolo (navio)}} off Sergipe between August 15 and 16, 1942. The shipwrecks caused approximately 600 civilian deaths, and German and Italian immigrants communities in Sergipe were persecuted after the attack by mobs. The attacks of the U-507 prompted President Getúlio Vargas to declare war on Germany and Italy on August 22 of the same year.<ref name="g"/>
== Demographics ==
{{See also|Largest Cities of Northeast Region, Brazil}}
According to the [[2022 Brazilian census|2022 census]], there were 2,210,004 people residing in the state. The population density was 100.7 inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>.
[[Urbanization]]: 82.2% (2006); [[Population growth]]: 2% (1991–2000); [[House]]s: 569,000 (2006).<ref>Source: PNAD.</ref>
The 2022 census revealed the following numbers: 1,361,504 [[Brown people#Pardos in Brazil|Brown]] ([[Multiracial#Brazil|Multiracial]]) people (61.6%), 556,908 [[White Brazilian|White]] people (25.2%), 283,960 [[Afro-Brazilian|Black]] people (12.8%), 4,580 [[Indigenous peoples in Brazil|Amerindian]] people (0.2%), 2,978 [[Asian Brazilian|Asian]] people (0.1%).<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo 2022 - Panorama |url=https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/}}</ref>
=== Largest cities ===
{{Largest cities
| country     = Sergipe
| stat_ref    = (2011 census by the [[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics]])<ref name="IBGE_Pop_2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2011/POP2011_DOU.pdf|title=Estimativas da população residente nos municípios brasileiros com data de referência em 1º de julho de 2011|trans-title=Estimates of the Resident Population of Brazilian Municipalities as of July 1, 2011|date=30 August 2011|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics]]|access-date=31 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007090238/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2011/POP2011_DOU.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2011|url-status=live|format=PDF|language=pt}}</ref>
| list_by_pop =
| div_name    =
| div_link    = Mesoregion (Brazil){{!}}Mesoregion
| city_1 = Aracaju
| div_1  = Mesorregião do Leste Sergipano{{!}}Leste
| pop_1  = 579 563
| img_1  = Skyline de Aracaju com o Rio Sergipe.jpg
| city_2 = Nossa Senhora do Socorro
| div_2  = Mesorregião do Leste Sergipano{{!}}Leste
| pop_2  = 163 046
| img_2  =
| city_3 = Lagarto, Sergipe{{!}}Lagarto
| div_3  = Mesorregião do Agreste Sergipano{{!}}Agreste
| pop_3  = 95 746
| img_3  =
| city_4 = Itabaiana
| div_4  = Mesorregião do Agreste Sergipano{{!}}Agreste
| pop_4  = 87 746
| img_4  =
| city_5 = São Cristóvão
| div_5  = Mesorregião do Leste Sergipano{{!}}Leste
| pop_5  = 79 955
| img_5  =
| city_6 = Estância, Sergipe{{!}}Estância
| div_6  = Mesorregião do Leste Sergipano{{!}}Leste
| pop_6  = 64 824
| img_6  =
| city_7 = Tobias Barreto, Sergipe{{!}}Tobias Barreto
| div_7  = Mesorregião do Agreste Sergipano{{!}}Agreste
| pop_7  = 48 414
| img_7  =
| city_8 = Itabaianinha
| div_8  = Mesorregião do Leste Sergipano{{!}}Leste
| pop_8  = 39 175
| img_8  =
| city_9 = Simão Dias
| div_9  = Mesorregião do Agreste Sergipano{{!}}Agreste
| pop_9  = 38 847
| img_9  =
| city_10 = Nossa Senhora da Glória, Sergipe{{!}}Nossa Senhora da Glória
| div_10  = Mesorregião do Sertão Sergipano{{!}}Sertão
| pop_10  = 32 514
| img_10  =
| city_11 = Poço Redondo
| div_11  = Mesorregião do Sertão Sergipano{{!}}Sertão
| pop_11  = 31 253
| img_11  =
| city_12 = Capela, Sergipe{{!}}Capela
| div_12  = Mesorregião do Leste Sergipano{{!}}Leste
| pop_12  = 31 087
| img_12  =
| city_13 = Itaporanga d'Ajuda
| div_13  = Mesorregião do Leste Sergipano{{!}}Leste
| pop_13  = 30 798
| img_13  =
| city_14 = Propriá
| div_14  = Mesorregião do Leste Sergipano{{!}}Leste
| pop_14  = 28 533
| img_14  =
| city_15 = Porto da Folha
| div_15  = Mesorregião do Sertão Sergipano{{!}}Sertão
| pop_15  = 27 260
| img_15  =
| city_16 = Laranjeiras
| div_16  = Mesorregião do Leste Sergipano{{!}}Leste
| pop_16  = 27 176
| img_16  =
| city_17 = Boquim
| div_17  = Mesorregião do Leste Sergipano{{!}}Leste
| pop_17  = 25 631
| img_17  =
| city_18 = Barra dos Coqueiros
| div_18  = Mesorregião do Leste Sergipano{{!}}Leste
| pop_18  = 25 526
| img_18  =
| city_19 = Canindé de São Francisco
| div_19  = Mesorregião do Sertão Sergipano{{!}}Sertão
| pop_19  = 25 218
| img_19  =
| city_20 = Nossa Senhora das Dores, Sergipe{{!}}Nossa Senhora das Dores
| div_20  = Mesorregião do Agreste Sergipano{{!}}Agreste
| pop_20  = 24 579
| img_20  =
}}{{Historical populations|11=1872|12=176243|13=1890|14=310926|15=1900|16=356264|17=1920|18=477064|19=1940|20=542326|21=1950|22=644361|23=1960|24=760273|25=1970|26=911251|27=1980|28=1156642|29=1991|30=1491867|31=2000|32=1784829|33=2010|34=2068017|35=2022|36=2210004|footnote=Source:<ref name="census2022">{{Cite web|url=https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/|title=2022 Census Overview|lang=pt}}</ref>}}
=== Religion ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Sergipe (2010)<ref name="Religion1"/><ref name="Religion2"/>
|label1 = [[Catholic Church]]
|value1 = 76.4
|color1 = Gold
|label2 = [[Protestantism]]
|value2 = 11.8
|color2 = Indigo
|label3 = [[Irreligion]]
|value3 = 8.6
|color3 = White
|label4 = [[Kardecist spiritism|Spiritism]]
|value4 = 1.1
|color4 = Skyblue
|label5 = Others
|value5 = 2.1
|color5 = Pink
}}
According to the 2010 demographic census, of the total population of the state, there were 1 579 480 [[Catholics]], 243 330 [[Protestants]] Evangelicals, 22 266 Spiritists, 14 755 [[Jehovah's Witnesses]], 6 500 other Christian groups, 5 394 [[Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church]], 4 371 Umbanda and Candomblecist, 2,326 [[Mormons]], 709 [[Eastern Orthodox]] Christians, 509 [[Buddhist]]s, 501 Spiritualists, 493 Esoteric, 435 belonging to indigenous traditions, 433 new Eastern religious, 184 Jewish and 22 Islamic. There were still 177 620 people without religion, 5 005 with indeterminate (ill-defined) religion or multiple membership, 3 240 did not know and 405 did not declare.<ref name="Religion1">[https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/periodicos/94/cd_2010_religiao_deficiencia.pdf «Análise dos Resultados/IBGE Censo Demográfico 2010: Características gerais da população, religião e pessoas com deficiência»]</ref><ref name="Religion2">[https://www.ibge.gov.br/estadosat/index.php Censo 2010]</ref>
=== Education ===
[[Image:Parque Teófilo Dantas.jpg|thumb|right|[[Aracaju]] is the most important educational centre of the state.]]
[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools, but [[English language|English]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] are part of the official [[high school]] curriculum.
====Educational institutions====
* [[Universidade Federal de Sergipe]] (UFS);
* [[Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia]] (IFS);
* [[Universidade Tiradentes]] (Unit);
* [[Faculdade Pio Décimo]] (FPD);
* [[Faculdade Estácio de Sergipe]] (ESTÁCIO);
* [[Faculdade de Administração e Negócios de Sergipe]] (FANESE);
* [[Faculdade Amadeus]] (FAMA);
* [[Faculdade São Luis de França]] (FSLF);
* [[Faculdade Sergipana]] (FASER);
* [[Faculdade de Aracaju]] (FACAR);
* [[Faculdade Serigy]] (UNIRB);
* [[Faculdade Jardins]] (FAJAR);
* [[Faculdade Maurício de Nassau]] (UNINASSAU);
==Economy==
[[Image:Curva_da_Avenida_Beira_Mar_Aracaju.jpg|thumb|right|[[Aracaju]] is the largest city of the state.]]
The [[industrial sector]] is the largest component of [[GDP]] at 53.9%, followed by the [[service sector]] at 39.1%. [[Agriculture]] represents 7% of [[GDP]] (2004). Sergipe exports include: [[orange juice]] 66.1%, [[urea]] 20.8%, [[leather]] and [[footwear]] 4.6%, [[woven goods]] 2.3%, other types of juices 2% (2002).
Sergipe's share of the Brazilian economy: 0.7% (2004).
Sergipe's economy is focused around the production of [[sugarcane]] (more than 2 million tons produced in 2018, for the manufacture of sugar and ethanol),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bnb.gov.br/documents/1342439/4128151/181_06_11_2018.pdf/d1d4290d-1d9e-a214-f50a-9ce50ced36be |title=Produção de cana de açúcar no Nordeste |access-date=2020-07-21 |archive-date=2020-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626112534/https://www.bnb.gov.br/documents/1342439/4128151/181_06_11_2018.pdf/d1d4290d-1d9e-a214-f50a-9ce50ced36be |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[coconut]] (2nd largest producer in Brazil in 2017, with 234 million fruits),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bnb.gov.br/documents/80223/4296541/61_coco.pdf/c172dd8f-3044-f1db-5d0c-a94c5eb735e0 |title=PRODUÇÃO DE COCO: O NORDESTE É DESTAQUE NACIONAL |access-date=2020-07-21 |archive-date=2020-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628161559/https://www.bnb.gov.br/documents/80223/4296541/61_coco.pdf/c172dd8f-3044-f1db-5d0c-a94c5eb735e0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Orange (fruit)|orange]] (6th largest producer in Brazil in 2018, with 354 thousand tons)<ref>[http://www.cnpmf.embrapa.br/Base_de_Dados/index_pdf/dados/brasil/laranja/b1_laranja.pdf Produção brasileira de laranja em 2018]</ref> and [[cassava]] (153 thousand tons produced in 2018).<ref>[http://www.cnpmf.embrapa.br/Base_de_Dados/index_pdf/dados/brasil/mandioca/b1_mandioca.pdf Produção brasileira de mandioca em 2018]</ref>  A small-scale [[leather]] and [[textile]] [[Industry (economics)|industry]] also exists.
Sergipe had in 2017 an industrial GDP of R$7 billion, equivalent to 0.6% of the national industry. It employs 67,231 workers in the industry. The main industrial sectors are: Construction (33.1%), Industrial Public Utility Services, such as Electricity and Water (29.0%), Food (9.9%), Non-metallic minerals (2.8%) and Chemicals (2.2%). These 5 sectors concentrate 77.0% of the state's industry.<ref>[http://perfildaindustria.portaldaindustria.com.br/estado/se Sergipe Industry Profile]</ref>
The Brazilian federal government is also encouraging the development of a fledgling [[petroleum]] and [[natural gas]] industry.
==Notable residents==
[[File:20170730 Beach Volleyball WM Vienna 3907.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Eduarda Santos Lisboa|Duda]], beach volleyball player, World Champion]]
* [[Adílson Rodrigues|Maguila]] (1958–): professional boxer, former WBF heavyweight World Champion, former WBC Continental Americas heavyweight champion
* [[Eduarda Santos Lisboa|Duda]] (1998-): beach volleyball player, World Champion
* [[Carlos Ayres Britto]] (1942-): judge, poet, President of Brazil's Supreme Court and of the National Justice Council (2012)
* [[Kelson Pinto]] (1976-): former professional boxer, gold medallist at the 1999 Pan American Games
* [[Adilson (footballer, born 1976)|Adilson]] (1976-): former brazilian footballer
* [[Geuvânio]] (1992–): former brazilian footballer
* [[Matheus (footballer, born 1983)|Matheus]] (1983-): brazilian footballer
* [[Joãozinho (footballer, born 1988)|Joãozinho]] (1988-): brazilian footballer
* [[Paulo César (footballer, born 1986)|Paulo César]] (1986-): brazilian footballer
* [[Victor Andrade]] (1995-): brazilian footballer
* {{ill|Leandro dos Santos (volleyball player)|lt=Leandro dos Santos|pt|Leandro dos Santos (voleibolista)}} (1993): brazilian volleyball player, bronze medallist at the 2022 FIVB Volleyball World Championships
* [[Rogério Alves]] (1973): futsal player, champion of the [[2008 FIFA Futsal World Cup]]
* [[Zé Gabriel]] (1999–), Brazilian footballer
* [[Detinho]] (1973–), Brazilian footballer
* [[José Ronaldo do Nascimento]] (1966–), Brazilian handball player, gold medallist at the 2003 Pan American Games
* [[Moniky Bancilon]] (1990–), Brazilian handball player, gold medallist at the 2011 Pan American Games
* [[Clodoaldo Tavares de Santana]] (1949), ex-footballer who played for Brazil
* [[José Martins Ribeiro Nunes]] (Zé Peixe) (1927–2012), legendary figure who drove the boats through the river by swimming
* [[Diego Costa]] (1988), footballer who played for [[Chelsea F.C.]]
* [[João Batista Nunes de Oliveira]] (1954), ex-footballer of Clube de Regatas [[Flamengo]] where he won the Libertadores,  Mundial of clubs at 1981 and many others championships
==Infrastructure==
[[Image:Aeroporto de Aracaju.jpg|thumb|right|International Airport of Aracaju.]]
===Airport===
[[Santa Maria Airport (Sergipe)|Aracaju–Santa Maria International Airport]] was inaugurated on October 30, 1952 with a runway only 1200 meters in length; the airport did not have an access road until 1958, so after construction of one operating efficiency increased. In 1961 the runway was extended to 1500 meters and a passenger terminal was built in 1962. In February 1975 control of the airport was handed over to [[Infraero]]. The airport's runways reached their current configuration of 2,200 meters in length in 1993. The passenger terminal also underwent several changes and, in 1998, Aracaju gained a new building, measuring 10 thousand square meters. Santa Maria Airport began to be managed by Aena Brasil in 2020, after the company won the concessions auction of the National Civil Aviation Agency (Anac), held in 2019.<ref>[https://www.aenabrasil.com.br/pt/aeroportos/aeroporto-internacional-santa-maria-aracaju/Historico-.html Aeroporto Internacional Santa Maria – Aracaju (SBAR)]</ref>
===Highways===
[[Image:Sergipe - BR-101 (pavimento).jpg|thumb|left|BR-101 in Sergipe, 2012, before the duplication.]]
The main highways in Sergipe are [[BR-101]], [[BR-235]] and [[BR-349]]. BR-101, which belongs to the Brazilian Federal Government, has been receiving duplication works since 1997, and 27 years later, in 2024, they have not yet been completed in Sergipe. With 206 kilometers long, BR-101 is considered the main highway for those traveling through the state. It connects states in the Northeast and is one of the most used to reach the capital Aracaju. BR-101 moves the state's wealth, as it is the way to transport the sugar cane that is produced in the region, and to transport iron ore that comes from Bahia to the Port of Sergipe.<ref>[https://der.se.gov.br/mapa-rodoviario/ Sergipe road map]</ref><ref>[https://www.gov.br/dnit/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/principal-rodovia-de-sergipe-br-101-recebe-investimentos-do-dnit Principal rodovia de Sergipe, BR-101, recebe investimentos do DNIT]</ref><ref>[https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/brasil/ult96u23581.shtml FHC elogia desempenho de Padilha e tenta aproximar PMDB]</ref><ref>[https://g1.globo.com/se/sergipe/noticia/2023/09/30/ministro-dos-transporte-diz-que-parte-da-duplicacao-da-br-101-em-se-sera-entregue-ate-dezembro.ghtml Ministro dos Transportes diz que parte da duplicação da BR-101 em SE será entregue até dezembro]</ref>
===Ports===
[[Image:Terminal Marítimo Inácio Barbosa.jpg|thumb|right|Port of Sergipe.]]
The Inácio Barbosa Maritime Terminal - TMIB, popularly known as Porto da Barra dos Coqueiros or Porto de Sergipe, is located in the Brazilian municipality of [[Barra dos Coqueiros]], in the Metropolitan Region of Aracaju, in Sergipe. It is the only port terminal in the state. It's a private off-shore, mixed-use, general cargo port terminal specialized in grain movement. It has a draft of 10.5 meters and its main advantage is a backport area of 2 million m<sup>2</sup> for the installation of new projects, of which 800 thousand m<sup>2</sup> are already bonded.<ref>[https://sedetec.se.gov.br/visita-ao-porto-de-sergipe/ Visita ao Porto de Sergipe]</ref> In the same region of the port is also located the Barra dos Coqueiros wind farm operated by [[Statkraft]] with an installed capacity of 35MW and the Porto de Sergipe Thermoelectric Complex, the largest [[LNG]] thermoelectric plant in Brazil and Latin America, operated by [[Eneva]] with an installed capacity of 1.6GW.<ref>[https://www.statkraft.com/about-statkraft/where-we-operate/brazil/barra-dos-coqueiros-wind-farm/ Barra dos Coqueiros wind farm]</ref><ref>[https://eneva.com.br/en/our-business/energy-generation/sergipe-port-thermoelectric-plant-i/ Sergipe Port Thermoelectric Plant I]</ref><ref>[https://www.milbank.com/en/news/milbank-advises-celse-on-largest-lng-to-power-project-in-latin-america.html Milbank Advises CELSE on Largest LNG-to-Power Project in Latin America]</ref>
==Sports==
[[File:Estádio Estadual Lourival Baptista.jpg|thumb|[[Batistão]] stadium in [[Aracaju]].]]
The state has many professional [[association football]] teams, like [[Club Sportivo Sergipe]], [[Associação Desportiva Confiança]] from the town of [[Aracaju]] and [[Associação Olímpica de Itabaiana]] from the town of Itabaiana.  [[Lagarto Futebol Clube]] is another important club in Sergipe, it's from Lagarto, city where the Brazilian-born and Spanish-naturalized [[association football|footballer]] [[Diego Costa]] was born.
==Tourism and recreation==
===São Cristóvão===
{{Main|São Cristóvão}}
[[São Cristóvão]] is the fourth oldest town in the country, and was Sergipe's state capital until 1855. It is located some {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the current capital Aracaju.
As a planned urban settlement, the town contains churches and religious ensembles dating back to the colonial period. Most of these monuments are concentrated around the São Francisco Square.
In 1939, São Cristóvão was designated as a National Treasure by the Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional — IPHAN (the Brazilian National Historical and Artistical Heritage Institute). More recently, in 2010, São Francisco Square in the Town of São Cristóvão became a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]].
===Xingó Canyon===
[[Image:Rio São Francisco.jpg|thumb|right|Xingó [[Canyon]].]]
[[Image:Bacia sao francisco.jpg|thumb|right|São Francisco [[river]].]]
Includes fascinating landscape, rock formations, crystal-clear waters, ecological trails, Caatinga Theme Park, exuberant vegetation and diversified fauna and flora. The Xingó Canyon is located in Canindé do São Francisco, on the banks of the lengthy and well-known São Francisco river. It is the world's fifth most navigable river. The river is formed in a valley reaching up to 170 m deep, being 65&nbsp;km long and at certain locations between 50 and 300 m wide. The water volume of the canyon is about 3.8 billion m<sup>3</sup>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.turismo.gov.br/turismo/noticias/todas_noticias/20110121-3.html|title=O que o interior de Sergipe tem?|publisher=Ministerio do Turismo.gov.br|access-date=1 April 2011}}</ref>
To navigate between the rocks of this gigantic cliff, embedded in the middle of Sergipe's Alto Sertão, is an unforgettable experience.  There are imposing valleys forming a 50 m-high canyon, surrounding a lake that, in certain points, reaches a depth of 190 m.  Nests of herons and river islands complete the spectacle.  The rocks guard traces of the area's first inhabitants who lived there more than 8,000 years ago.
There is also evidence of Lampião's stay there, with his gang of outlaws in more modern times. The Angico trail, in Poço Redondo, leads to a cavern by the same name, where Lampião, Maria Bonita and nine other outlaws lost their lives. Located in the town of Canindé do São Francisco, {{convert|213|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Aracaju, Xingó Canyon is one of the most famous rock formations in the area, embellishing the landscape of the dry Northeastern backwoods. It is hot all year round, but strong winds blowing from December to January keep temperatures at a very comfortable level. Between May and August, it rains frequently.
===Sergipe Beaches===
Sergipe has an extensive coastline where it is very attractive for tourists from Brazil and the world. The clear and greenish waters, with white sand attract attention. The capital [[Aracaju]] also stands out for Praia de Atalaia which is considered the beach with the best beach sidewalk in Brazil. Outside the capital, the coast of Sergipe is highly valued for its distinctive aspect: Praia do Saco (municipality of [[Estância]]), a beach located in the south of the state was considered one of the 100 best beaches in the world by the French magazine [[Les Voyageurs]]. In it the tourist is faced with [[sand dunes]] and an extensive coastal strip that has the peculiarity of Sergipe; Praia da Costa ([[Barra dos Coqueiros]]), the Delta of the [[São Francisco River]] ([[Brejo Grande]]), Praia de Pirambu ([[Pirambu]]), are other beaches that enhance the state's tourism.
The river beaches, such as the Croa do Goré sandbar and Ilha dos Namorados, which are tourist attractions reached by Catamaran on the [[Vaza Barris River]] in Aracaju, can also be highlighted.
==Flag==
{{See also|List of Sergipe state symbols}}
The stars on the flag of Sergipe represent the number of [[river]] [[estuary|estuaries]] in the state, and the green and yellow stripes represent Sergipe's union with the rest of Brazil. It was designed by José Rodrigues Bastos Coelho, a businessman who felt that Brazilian [[ship]]s should carry flags to identify their state of origin. It was officially adopted on October 19, 1920.
In 1937, dictator [[Getúlio Vargas]] abolished all state flags and symbols, but they were allowed again in 1946. In 1951, when the Sergipe legislature began to consider restoring the state flag, it decided to change the number of stars, so that there would be one for every [[municipality]] in the state. In 1952, this new design was scrapped and replaced by the original 5-star design.
== See also ==
* [[List of municipalities in Sergipe]]
==References==
{{reflist|2|refs=
<ref name="g">{{Cite Q|Q111513559}}</ref>
<ref name="ig">{{cite web |url=https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/se/historico |title=Sergipe |language=pt |place= Brasília |publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística |date=2017 |accessdate=2022-04-06}}</ref>
}}
==External links==
{{sisterlinks|Sergipe|voy=Sergipe}}
* {{in lang|pt}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20080131121600/http://www.agencia.se.gov.br/ Official Website (Agência Sergipe de Notícias - Governo de Sergipe)]
* {{in lang|pt}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20070127072704/http://www.marcelodomingos.com.br/indicecolonial.html History of Colonial Sergipe]
{{Municipalities of Sergipe}}
{{States of Brazil}}
{{Brazil topics}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Sergipe| ]]
[[Category:Federative units of Brazil]]
[[Category:Northeast Region, Brazil|*]]
[[Category:1820s establishments in Brazil]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1820]]