View source for Servant of the servants of God

{{Short description|One of the titles of the Pope}}
[[File:Detail of Quo Primum tempore.JPG|270px|thumb|right|The 1570 bull ''[[Quo primum]]'' of [[Pope Pius V]] in a [[Roman Missal]]. Below the name of the Pope ''Pius Episcopus'' (Pius Bishop) appears his title ''Servus servorum Dei''. Not all papal documents begin in this way, but bulls do.]]
"'''Servant of the servants of God'''" ({{langx|la|servus servorum Dei}})<ref>Gabriel Adeleye, [[Kofi Acquah-Dadzie]], Thomas J. Sienkewicz, ''World dictionary of foreign expressions: a resource for readers'' (1999) "Servus servorum Dei", p. 361.</ref> is one of the [[Papal titles| titles]] of the [[Pope]] and is used at the beginning of [[papal bull]]s.<ref>Ian Robinson ''The papal reform of the eleventh century'' p. 326  - 2004 "Gregory bishop, servant of the servants of God, to the archbishops, bishops , dukes, counts and the greater and lesser men in the kingdom of the Germans, greeting and apostolic blessing."</ref>
==History==
[[Pope Gregory I]] (pope from 590 to 604), the first Pope to use this title extensively to refer to himself,<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Servus servorum Dei}}</ref> deployed it as a lesson in humility for the archbishop of Constantinople [[John the Faster]] (in office 582-595), who had been granted the traditional title "[[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople#Title |Ecumenical Patriarch]]"<ref>
{{cite book
|last1                = Kiminas
|first1               = Demetrius
|date                 = 1 March 2009
|chapter              = The Ecumenical Patriarchate: A Short History
|title                = The Ecumenical Patriarchate: A History of Its Metropolitanates with Annotated Hierarch Catalogs
|url                  = https://books.google.com/books?id=QLWqXrW2X-8C
|series               = Orthodox Christianity, volume 1
|edition              = 1
|publisher            = Wildside Press LLC
|page                 = 13
|isbn                 = 9781434458766
|access-date          = 23 September 2023
|quote                = [...] the Patriarch of Constantinople began to be addressed as the 'Ecumenical Patriarch', with the first known use of the title being recorded at the time of Patriarch Acacius (472-89).
}}
</ref>
by a Council convened in Constantinople in 587.<ref>
{{cite book
|last1                = Kiminas
|first1               = Demetrius
|date                 = 1 March 2009
|chapter              = The Ecumenical Patriarchate: A Short History
|title                = The Ecumenical Patriarchate: A History of Its Metropolitanates with Annotated Hierarch Catalogs
|url                  = https://books.google.com/books?id=QLWqXrW2X-8C
|series               = Orthodox Christianity, volume 1
|edition              = 1
|publisher            = Wildside Press LLC
|page                 = 13
|isbn                 = 9781434458766
|access-date          = 23 September 2023
|quote                = A Council held in Constantinople in 587 [...] officially bestowed the title 'Ecumenical Patriarch' on Constantinople Patriarch John IV (582-95). This action caused Patriarch of Rome, Pelagius II (579-90) to sever his connection with Constantinople, while his successor, Gregory I (590-604), sent letters of protest to both Patriarch John IV and Emperor Mauricius (582-602) - but with no results.
}}
</ref>
Gregory reportedly reacted negatively to the Patriarch's title, claiming that "whoever calls himself universal bishop [the imprecise [[Latin]] translation of "Ecumenical Patriarch"],{{cn|date=February 2022}} or desires this title, is, by his pride, the precursor to the [[Antichrist]]."<ref>
{{cite book
|last1                = McCulloh
|first1               = James H.
|year                 = 1852
|chapter              = Investigation concerning the Developments of Christianity from the time of its promulgation until the Downfall of the Roman Empire in the West
|title                = Analytical Investigations Concerning the Credibility of the Scriptures and of the Religious System Inculcated in Them: Together with a Historical Exhibition of Human Conduct During the Several Dispensations Under which Mankind Have Been Placed by Their Creator
|url                  = https://books.google.com/books?id=ky5JjqhBv3oC
|volume               = 2
|publication-place    = Baltimore
|publisher            = James S. Waters
|page                 = 331
|access-date          = 23 September 2023
|quote                = Pope Pelagius, who in the first instance opposed this assumption of John ''the faster'', having died very shortly afterwards, the quarrel was taken up by his successor Pope Gregory the Great [...]. [...] and in a letter to the bishop of constantinople who succeeded John ''the faster'', he affirms, that 'whoever calls himself ''Universal Bishop'', or desires to be so called in the pride of his heart, is the forerunner of anti-christ.'
}}
</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book | author = Camillo Ruini | author-link = Camillo Ruini | title = Alla sequela di Cristo : Giovanni Paolo II, il servo dei servi di Dio | trans-title = Imitating Christ: John Paul II, the servant of the servant of God | language = it | location = Siena | publisher = Cantagalli | year = 2007 | oclc = 238896950 | pages = 103 | isbn = 9788882722982 | url = https://archive.today/20190830064304/https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=STNO&searchType=1&recCount=25&searchArg=9788882722982}}
* {{cite book | author = George Weigel | author-link = George Weigel | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WRBM2WoOetIC&pg=PA556 | title = The end and the beginning : Pope John Paul II : the victory of freedom, the last years, the legacy | page = 556 | publisher = Crown Publishing Group- Doubleday | location = New York |date = September 14, 2010 | isbn = 9780307715869 | oclc = 688480029}}</ref>
{{Papal symbols and rituals}}
[[Category:Papal titles]]