View source for Shūkōkai

{{Italic title|reason=[[:Category:Japanese words and phrases]]}}
{{short description|Style of karate}}
{{primary sources|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox martial art
| logo = Shukokai.jpg
| logocaption = Miyake Shūkōkai International logo
| name = ''Shūkōkai''
| focus = [[Strike (attack)|Striking]]
| hardness
| country = {{flagicon|JPN}} Japan
| creator = [[Chōjirō Tani]]
| parenthood = [[Shitō-ryū]] • [[Gōjū-ryū]]
| famous_pract =
| ancestor schools  = [[Naha-Te]] • [[Shuri-Te]]
| Olympic = no
| website =
}}
{{nihongo|'''''Shūkōkai'''''|修交会|}} is a style of [[Karate]], based on '''Tani-ha Shitō-ryū''', a branch of [[Shitō-ryū]] developed by [[Chōjirō Tani]] in the late 1940s, and refined by his students, including Yamada Haruyoshi, Kimura Shigeru and Ishitobi Kazuo.
==History==
Chōjirō Tani (谷 長治郎 ''Tani Chōjirō'') was born in 1921,<ref name="tani">{{cite web|title=CHOJIRO TANI - TANI-HA SHITO-RYU (SHUKOKAI)|url=http://www.shuriway.com/chojirotani.html|accessdate=11 May 2010|publisher=Shuriway}}</ref> and started his formal karate training under [[Miyagi Chōjun]], who founded the [[Gojū-ryū]] style, while a student at the [[Doshisha University]] in [[Kyoto]]. After a few months, Miyagi Chōjun returned to [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa]] and the founder of [[Shitō-ryū]], and recommended [[Mabuni Kenwa]] to Tani Chōjirō to carry on his learning.  Upon graduating from university, Tani began learning [[Shuri-te]] and then [[Shitō-ryū]] from Mabuni as well. After many years of training under Mabuni and becoming one of his most senior students, Tani received the certificate of succession from him and became the head of Shitō-ryū, enabling him to use the name Tani-ha Shitoryu.
Chōjirō Tani began teaching the Karate style '''Shūkōkai''' (meaning ''the way for all'')<ref>[http://www.shukokai.com/WhatIsShukokai.htm ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009060358/http://www.shukokai.com/WhatIsShukokai.htm |date=October 9, 2007 }}</ref> at a [[dojo]] in [[Kobe]], Japan, in 1946. Shūkōkai was designed around the study of body mechanics, is very fast due to its relatively high stance aiding mobility,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.btinternet.com/~shukokairyu/ |title=SHUKOKAI-RYU KARATE-DO ASSOCIATION |accessdate=10 May 2010 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120728162254/http://www.btinternet.com/~shukokairyu/ |archivedate=2012-07-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and is known for the ''double hip twist'', which maximises the force of its strikes; making it one of the most hard-hitting Karate styles.
One of Tani's most senior students, Sensei Shigeru Kimura, left Japan in 1965 to teach Shūkōkai in [[Africa]].  He developed his own version of Shukokai, emphasizing its power and strength; and was regarded as an expert on the style.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kobushishukokai.com/page12.htm |title=The History of K.S.K.A |accessdate=10 May 2010 |publisher=KOBUSHI SHUKOKAI KARATE ASSOCIATION |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901050045/http://www.kobushishukokai.com/page12.htm |archivedate=1 September 2009 }}</ref>  He continued to teach after travelling to [[Europe]], before settling in the [[United States]] in 1970 at the age of 29, where he taught at [[Yoshisada Yonezuka]]'s [[Cranford, New Jersey]] dojo for two years; creating the first Shukokai World Tournament in 1981.  Sensei Kimura died of a [[heart attack]] at the age of 54. Tani died on 11 January 1998.<ref name="tani" />
== Kata ==
*[[Jion kata group]] which includes Jion and Ji'in
*[[Pinan]] Nidan (Heian)
*[[Pinan]] Shodan (Heian)
*[[Pinan]] Sandan (Heian)
*[[Pinan]] Yondan (Heian)
*[[Pinan]] Godan (Heian)
*[[Bassai]] Dai
*[[Seienchin]]
*Shiho Zuki (Ich - Go)
*Jurokono
*[[Chinte]]
*Matsukaze
*[[Saifa]]
*[[Annanku]]
*Shiho Kosokan
*[[Sōchin]]
*Seipai
*[[Tensho (kata)]]
*[[Sanchin]]
*[[Bassai]] Sho
*[[Nijūshiho]]
*Seiryu
*[[Chintō]]
*Tomori no Bassai
*Na-Pa-Pu
*Kurunnfa
*Kosokun dai
*Supa Rinpei
==Branches==
Shūkōkai has evolved into several independent style branches throughout the world over the past few decades:
* '''Kimura Shukokai''' grew out of the Shūkōkai school taught since 1978 in [[Hackensack, New Jersey]], United States and later in [[Tenafly, New Jersey]] by Shigeru Kimura, a long time student of Tani.<ref>[http://www.shuriway.co.uk/kimura.html] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723000001/http://www.shuriway.co.uk/kimura.html |date=July 23, 2015 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.shukokai.com/Kimura.htm ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061208153212/http://www.shukokai.com/Kimura.htm |date=December 8, 2006 }}</ref> After Kimura's death in 1995, this international organization was formed to promote his style, co-led by his four senior students: Eddie Daniels, head of Shukokai Karate Federation, Bill Bressaw, head of American Shukokai Karate Union, Chris Thompson and Lionel Marinus of South Africa.
* '''Sankukai''', founded in 1971 in [[Paris]], France, by Yoshinao Nanbu, a student of Chōjirō Tani. Yoshinao Nanbu abandoned the style to create Nanbudō in 1978, and Sankukai is currently taught by several national organizations throughout the world.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}
* '''Kawata-ha Seikukai Karate''' founded in [[Kawanishi, Hyōgo]], Japan after the death of Chōjirō Tani in 1998 by Kawata Shigemasa, his most senior student<ref>[http://www.samurai-waverley.com/aboutshukokai/kaichokawatashigemasa.aspx ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215113656/http://www.samurai-waverley.com/aboutshukokai/kaichokawatashigemasa.aspx |date=February 15, 2009 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.samuraiqld.com.au/history.htm ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410054543/http://www.samuraiqld.com.au/history.htm |date=April 10, 2013 }}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=11. Shukokai Karate Union (SKU) Governing Body and Association in the UK established 1969, https://www.sku.org.uk/}}
{{Karate schools|Techniques=Sweeps}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shukokai}}
[[Category:Shitō-ryū]]
[[Category:Okinawan kobudo]]
[[Category:Japanese martial arts]]