View source for Shatar

{{short description|Chess variants}}
[[File:Shatar in Hulun Buir National Museum.JPG|thumb|right|290px|Ivory shatar displayed in [[Hulunbuir]] National Museum]]
'''Shatar''' ([[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]: {{MongolUnicode|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ}} ''Monggol sitar-a'', "Mongolian [[shatranj]]"; a.k.a. '''shatar''') and [[hiashatar]] are two [[chess variant]]s played in Mongolia.
{{algebraic notation|pos=toc}} However, the variants do not appear to be popular outside Mongolia.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}
==Game rules==
The rules are similar to standard [[chess]]; the differences being that:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chessvariants.com/oriental.dir/shatar.html|title = Shatar}}</ref>
* The ''noyan'' ({{MongolUnicode|ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ}}, ''lord'') does not castle.
* The ''küü'' ({{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠦᠦ}}, ''pawn'') does not have an initial double-step move option, except for the queen pawn or king pawn.
**In old shatar rules, a pawn that reaches its eighth rank must promote to half-power tiger. But a pawn could step back to its sixth rank to promote to all-power tiger. It moves like a queen.<ref name="蒙古象棋">{{cite book |author=彭楚克林青 |script-title=zh:蒙古象棋 |date=December 2006|publisher=鄂爾多斯學研究會 |location=China|language=Chinese}}</ref>
* The ''baras'' ({{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠠᠷᠰ}} or {{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠰ}}, ''tiger''; Persian: ''fers'') moves like a promoted rook in [[shogi]]: like a chess rook or one square diagonally. It was called half-power tiger or half-power lion in old shatar rules.<ref name="蒙古象棋" />
**In modern shatar rules, a baras moves like a queen.<ref name="蒙古象棋" />
* The ''mori'' (knight; {{MongolUnicode|ᠮᠣᠷᠢ}}) cannot deliver mate.
**In modern shatar rules, the mori ''can'' give mate.<ref name="蒙古象棋" />
* The bishop (teme) and rook (terge) move as they do in standard chess.
* The game always starts by White playing 1.d4 and Black responding with 1...d5. This is the only time in the game a pawn may advance two squares; some sources claim this initial move can optionally be made with the e-pawn.
**In old shatar rules, [[Üzemchin Mongols|Ujimqin]] player must make an initial double-step move with the queen pawn; in [[Chahar Mongols|Chahar]], the king pawn.<ref name="蒙古象棋" />
*In old shatar rules, baremate is draw.<ref name="蒙古象棋" />
*In old shatar rules, one special rule is called ''tuuxəi'', like [[Komidashi|komi]] in [[Go (game)|Go]]. A player could leave the enemy with only two pieces remaining (noyan and another piece) at the end. Then he must start making checks using the ''terge'' or ''baras'' and make consecutive checks until checkmate. Before checkmate, number of consecutive checks is the number of tuuxəi. If a player wins by checkmate as in chess, he receives only one tuuxəi. A player usually leaves the enemy with one noyan and one ''küü'' to allow time to put his pieces into good positions for making consecutive checks.<ref name="蒙古象棋" />
== Hiashatar ==
{{Chess diagram | style = Hiashatar
| tright
| Hiashatar board
|rd|nd|bd|hd|kd|qd|hd|bd|nd|rd
|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl
|rl|nl|bl|hl|kl|ql|hl|bl|nl|rl
|size=30}}
'''Hiashatar''' is a medieval [[chess variant]] played in Mongolia that is not as popular as shatar. The game is played on a 10×10 board. The pieces are the same as in shatar with the following exceptions:
* The ''baras'' moves the same as a chess [[Queen (chess)|queen]].
* Pawns may move 1–3 step(s) on their first move.
* An additional piece called the ''bodyguard'', which moves like a queen, but only one or two squares. The bodyguard has the special power: any piece sliding through any square a king's move away from the bodyguard, must stop its move. Any piece a king's move away from the bodyguard can move only one square.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geocities.com/kisslook/eng/mongeng.html |title=Mongolian Chess |website=www.geocities.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703142230/http://www.geocities.com/kisslook/eng/mongeng.html |archive-date=3 July 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==References==
* Giada Ricci. Mongolie-Mongolie. Traditions de la steppe. p.&nbsp;44–47, Le jeu d’echecs Mongol, 1983. Musée de l’Homme, Paris.
* С. Кондратьев. Шахматная игра у монголов. "Шахматы в СССР", 1931, No.13, p.&nbsp;216–18, No.14, с. 232–34.
* ШАХМАТЫ. Энциклопедический словарь. М., "Советская Энциклопедия", p.&nbsp;258, Монголия. 1999.
* Б.Б. Цыденов, Л.А. Гармаева, Н.Б. Галданов. Шахматы в Бурятии. Улан-Удэ, 1976.
* Zhong Guo Da Bai Ke Quan Shu Tiyu (The Encyclopedia of Chinese People's Republic on Physical culture and Sports). Peking-Shanghai. p.&nbsp;206, Mengu xiang qi (Mongolian chess). 1982.
* N. Okano, Sekai-no meina shogi (World's chess games), p.&nbsp;40–46, chapter V. 1999.
{{Chess variants}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Games related to chaturanga]]
[[Category:Chess in Mongolia]]
[[Category:Mongolian games]]