View source for Shenley

{{About|the village in Hertfordshire}}
{{Distinguish|Schenley|Schenley, Pennsylvania}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox UK place
|country = England
|coordinates = {{coord|51.692|-0.282|display=inline,title}}
|official_name = Shenley
|population = 5,390
|population_ref = [[United Kingdom Census 2021|2021 Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11128394&c=Shenley&d=16&e=62&g=6433796&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1478086423389&enc=1|title=Civil Parish 2011|access-date= 10 November 2016|publisher=Office for National Statistics|work=Neighbourhood Statistics}}</ref>
|shire_district = [[Hertsmere]]
|shire_county = [[Hertfordshire]]
|region = East of England
|constituency_westminster = [[Hertsmere (UK Parliament constituency)|Hertsmere]]
|post_town = RADLETT
|postcode_district = WD7
|postcode_area = WD
|dial_code = 01923
|os_grid_reference = TL187007
|static_image_name = Shenley War Memorial - geograph.org.uk - 594331.jpg
|static_image_width =
|static_image_caption = Shenley War Memorial
}}
'''Shenley''' is a village and [[civil parish]] in [[Hertfordshire]], England, between [[Chipping Barnet|Barnet]] and [[St Albans]]. The village is located 14 miles from [[Central London]]. As of 2021, the population of the parish was 5,390; however, the parish stretches far beyond the village itself; it is the largest parish in [[Hertsmere]] and is very rural, including hamlets and farming settlements such as [[Dancers Hill]], Green Street, '''Kitts End''', [[Ridge, Hertfordshire|Ridge]], '''Saffron Green''', '''Shenleybury''', and the largest other settlement, [[South Mimms]].
==History==
The history of Shenley stretches back a thousand years or more – it is mentioned in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://opendomesday.org/place/TL1801/shenley/|title=opendomesday.org|access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref> The name Shenley is based on the [[Anglo-Saxon]] Scenlai, Scenlei or Senlai, which means ‘fair or bright clearing or wood’. In the early [[Middle Ages]], southwest [[Hertfordshire]] was heavily wooded, with isolated farmsteads or hamlets in forest clearings. Shenley would have been one of these settlements.
By the 14th century, Shenley was considered to be a convenient parish for a country estate, being within reasonable reach of [[London]]. Its pure air, after the smoke and fog of the city made it a healthy place to live. The present village of Shenley apparently grew to accommodate the families of those providing a variety of services for the country estates of the gentry. Parish registers, dating back to 1657, include service occupations such as coachmen, bailiffs, bakers and labourers. Others worked in agriculture, as cattle drovers, shepherds and millers. Craftsmen in Shenley included tailors, weavers, shoemakers, cordwainers, brick-makers, blacksmiths and carpenters. Tiles and bricks were made in the area, due to the abundance of suitable clay.
Although many of Shenley’s population were involved in humble occupations, the village was considered quite prosperous. In 1754 the village was assessed to be the sixteenth highest parish in the county (excluding the areas around [[St Albans]]) and by 1823, the rateable value of the parish was £9,796.00, with only nine other parishes in the county rating higher.
During the [[First World War]], part of the land at Porters was requisitioned and used as an [[aerodrome]]. Mr Raphael sold the land to [[Middlesex County Council]] in 1924 and, several years later, [[Shenley Hospital]] was built on the land. The design was such that as many of the existing buildings as possible were incorporated, including the mansion, the walled garden, stables and coach houses. [[George V|King George V]] and [[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]] officially opened the hospital in 1934.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-20523381|title=Shenley Hospital: Life under observation|publisher=BBC|date=22 January 2013|access-date=12 September 2015}}</ref>
Shenley Hospital remained in service for over 60 years. It was then sold off to property developers for housing. It was not without some trepidation that some of the old-time residents viewed what had been described as an annex to Shenley but what, in reality, would more than double the number of residences in the village. However, the development took place, but as well as houses, Shenley Park was developed and  maintained for the enjoyment of the whole village. These included preserving the orchard and spinney for pleasant walks and recreation, landscaping the walled garden, which is often open to the public and hosts a number of events throughout the year, redeveloping the tennis courts to a high standard, and, more recently, the introduction of a teashop and play area.
Shenley is also home to the training grounds of football clubs [[Watford F.C.|Watford]] (opened in 1999) and [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (opened in 2000).
Manor Lodge School, an [[independent school|independent]] primary school for children aged 4–11, is located in the village. The school is based in a grade II [[listed building]] formerly known as Shenley Lodge which appeared as the "Cat Lady"'s house in [[Stanley Kubrick]]'s [[A Clockwork Orange (film)|A Clockwork Orange]]. It was also home to Second World War double agent [[Eddie Chapman]].
Shenley is also home to the [[Shenley Cricket Centre]], which plays host to women's and U19 international matches in the summer. At the heart of the centre is the 19th-century [[cricket pavilion|pavilion]], originally designed by [[W. G. Grace]]. The cricketing theme runs through many of the road names on the Porters Park housing estate.
[[Shenley Hall]] is a house built in the 19th century, which benefited from additions by [[Edwin Lutyens|Sir Edwin Lutyens]] in 1914.<ref name=listed>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-164334-shenley-hall-shenley-hertfordshire|title=Shenley Hall, Shenley|publisher=British Listed Buildings|access-date=11 August 2013}}</ref>
The burial place of the [[English Baroque]] architect [[Nicholas Hawksmoor]] (1661-1736) lies in St Botolph's graveyard, Shenleybury, Shenley. The church was deconsecrated in 1972 and the grave is now on private land.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.st-botolphs.com/|title=St Botolphs, Shenleybury|publisher=St Botolphs|access-date=12 September 2015|archive-date=11 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011093153/http://st-botolphs.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> St Botolph's is also the final resting place of Formula One champion [[Graham Hill]], who lived in Shenley during the 1970s.
The parish church of Shenley is now St Martin's Shenley, built in 1841.
==Landmarks==
[[File:Village lock-up, Shenley (33515673041).jpg|thumb|right|The Cage on the Pond is a village lock-up dating from the 18th century.]]
===The Cage on the Pond===
The Cage on London Road dates from the 18th century and was the [[village lock-up]], originally for prisoners awaiting trial in St Albans or [[Chipping Barnet]]. A set of [[stocks]] stood nearby at one time.<ref name="VCH">{{cite book |editor-last=Page |editor-first=William |editor-link=William Page (historian) |date=1908 |chapter=Parishes: Shenley |title=A History of the County of Hertford: Volume 2 |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/herts/vol2/pp264-273 |location=London |publisher= Victoria County History |pages=264–273 |isbn=}}</ref> It is a small, circular building with a domed top, surmounted by a ball [[finial]]. A pointed timber plank door has strap hinges and there are two small, iron barred openings with stone tablets above bearing the inscription "DO WELL. AND FEAR NOT." on one and "BE SOBER. BE VIGILANT." on the other.<ref name="Pevsner2002">{{cite book |last1=Pevsner |first1=Nikolaus |author-link1=Nikolaus Pevsner |last2=Cherry |first2=Bridget |date=2002 |title=The Buildings of England: Hertfordshire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v9nm4_WewXQC&pg=PA338 |location=New Haven, CT |publisher=Yale University Press |page=336-338 |isbn=0-300-09611-9}}</ref> Also inscribed is "1810" which is the date it was repaired after a tree grew through the roof.<ref name="VCH"/> It is a Grade II [[listed building]].<ref>{{PastScape|mnumber=1175473|mname=The Cage on the Pond|accessdate=9 October 2011}}</ref>
==Demographics==
In 2011, the population was 4,474. This rose to 5,390 in 2021, an increase of 20.47% in a decade.
A plurality of the population is Christian, similar to the general trend in England and Wales. However, Shenley has an unusually high Jewish population, in keeping with neighbouring settlements in southwestern Hertfordshire.
{| class="wikitable"
!Area
!All people
!Christian (%)
!Buddhist (%)
!Hindu (%)
!Jewish (%)
!Muslim (%)
!Sikh (%)
!Other (%)
!No religion (%)
!Not stated (%)
|- style="background:#fee;"
|England and Wales
|56,490,048
|46.3
|0.5
|1.8
|0.5
|6.7
|0.9
|0.6
|36.7
|6.0
|- style="background:#fee;"
|'''Shenley'''
|5,390
|40.28
|0.65
|2.56
|21.19
|2.02
|0.39
|0.54
|25.33
|7.07
|}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Shenley, Hertfordshire|Shenley}}
{{Civil parishes of Hertfordshire}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Shenley| ]]
[[Category:Villages in Hertfordshire]]
[[Category:Hertsmere]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Hertfordshire]]