View source for Sikyong

{{Short description|Head of government of the Central Tibetan Administration}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=November 2021}}
{{Expert needed|Tibet|reason=the history of the office especially Kalön Tripa|date=November 2021}}
}}
{{Infobox official post
| post                    = Head
| body                    = the Central Tibetan Administration
| native_name             = {{lang|bo|སྲིད་སྐྱོང༌}}
| insignia                = Emblem of Tibet.svg
| insigniasize            =
| insigniacaption         = Emblem of Tibet
| insigniaalt             =
| flag                    =
| flagsize                =
| flagalt                 =
| flagborder              =
| flagcaption             =
| image                   = Penpa Tsering - Sikyong.jpg
| imagesize               =
| alt                     =
| imagecaption            =
| incumbent               = [[Penpa Tsering]]
| acting                  =
| incumbentsince          = 21 May 2021
| department              = [[Central Tibetan Administration]]
| style                   = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]
| type                    =
| status                  =
| abbreviation            =
| member_of               = [[Kashag|Cabinet]]
| reports_to              =
| residence               = [[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamsala]], [[India]]
| seat                    =
| nominator               =
| appointer               = Direct popular vote
| appointer_qualified     =
| termlength              = Five years
| termlength_qualified    =
| constituting_instrument =
| precursor               =
| formation               = 1907 {{small|(as Kalön Tripa)}}<br />8 August 2011 {{small|(as Sikyong)}}
| first                   =
| last                    =
| abolished               =
| superseded_by           =
| succession              =
| unofficial_names        =
| deputy                  =
| salary                  =
| website                 = {{URL|http://www.tibet.net}}
| footnotes               =
}}
The '''{{lang|bo-Latn|Sikyong}}''' ({{bo |t = སྲིད་སྐྱོང༌ |w = srid-skyong |l = ˈsícóŋ}}) is the political leader of the [[Central Tibetan Administration]], a [[Tibet]]an exile organisation in India also known as the Tibetan [[Government-in-Exile]] based on the 2011 Charter of Tibetans-in-exile. The title was created in 2012 after the [[14th Dalai Lama]] decided not to assume any political and administrative authority as the head of the Tibetan Administration for Tibetans-in-exile.
The current Sikyong is [[Penpa Tsering]]. The Sikyong is the political leader of the [[Kashag]], part of the executive branch of the Central Tibetan Administration. This office should not be confused with the "[[List of modern political leaders of Tibet#TAR Government Chairmen|Chairman of the People's Government of the Tibet Autonomous Region]]" ({{lang|zh|西藏自治区人民政府主席}}).
The first directly elected [[Kalön]] Tripa was [[Lobsang Tenzin]], the [[Samdhong Rinpoche]], who was elected August 20, 2001.<ref>Donovan Roebert, ''Samdhong Rinpoche: Uncompromising Truth for a Compromised World'' ([[World Wisdom]], 2006) {{ISBN|978-1-933316-20-8}} (On August 20, 2001, Venerable Professor Samdhong Rinpoche was elected Kalon Tripa (Prime Minister) of the Tibetan Government in Exile, receiving 84.5% of the popular exile vote.)</ref>
Before 2011, the Kalön Tripa position was subordinate to the [[14th Dalai Lama]]<ref>[http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/t100000_.html The Charter of Tibetans in-Exile], Article 20 of the [[Constitution of Tibet]], retrieved 2010-03-19.</ref> who presided over the government in exile from its founding.<ref>[http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/t100000_.html The Charter of Tibetans in-Exile], Articles 19, 30, & 31 of the Constitution of Tibet, retrieved 2010-03-19.</ref> In 2011, the Dalai Lama announced that his political authority would be transferred to the Sikyong.<ref>Dean Nelson [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/tibet/8688087/Lobsang-Sangay-profile.html Lobsang Sangay: profile], The Telegraph, 08 Aug 2011</ref>
== Kalön Tripa ==
On September 20, 2012, the 15th Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile unanimously voted to change the title of Kalön Tripa to ''Sikyong'' in Article 19 of the Charter of the Tibetans in exile and relevant articles.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=32159&t=1 |title=Tibetan Parliament changes 'Kalon Tripa' to 'Sikyong' |access-date=2012-09-24 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502163748/http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=32159&t=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Dalai Lama had previously referred to the Kalon Tripa as Sikyong, and this usage was cited as the primary justification for the name change. According to ''Tibetan Review'', "Sikyong" translates to "political leader".<ref name="TR">{{cite news |url = http://www.tibetanreview.net/news.php?id=11207 |title = Kalon Tripa to be now referred to as Sikyong |date = 2012-09-22 |accessdate = 2012-12-11 |publisher = Tibetan Review |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131017051755/http://www.tibetanreview.net/news.php?id=11207 |archivedate = 2013-10-17 }}</ref> The online Dharma Dictionary translates sikyong (''srid skyong'') as "secular ruler; regime, regent".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/srid_skyong|title = Srid skyong - Rangjung Yeshe Wiki - Dharma Dictionary}}</ref>
<!--== List of officeholders==--->
==''Kalön Tripa''==
===Tibet===
{{see also|Tibet (1912–1951)}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan=2| {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan=2| Portrait
! rowspan=2| Name<br />{{small|(birth–death)}}
! colspan=3| Term of office
! rowspan=2| [[Dalai Lama]]
! rowspan=2| {{Abbr|Ref.|Refences}}
|-
! Took office
! Left office
! Time in office
|-
| rowspan=4| 1
| [[File:Wangchuk_Gyalpo_Tsarong.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Tsarong Wangchuk Gyalpo]]'''<br />{{small|(1903–{{circa|1912}})}}
| 1903
| 1912
| {{age in years|1903|1912}} years
|rowspan=4|[[13th Dalai Lama]]<br />{{small|(1879–1933)}}
|-
| [[File:Chankyim Trekhang Thupten Shakya.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Chankhyim Trekhang Thupten Shakya]]'''<br />{{small|(?–{{circa|1920}})}}
| 1907
| 1920
| {{age in years|1907|1920}} years
|
|-
| [[File:Paljor Dorje Shatra.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Paljor Dorje Shatra]]'''<br />{{small|({{circa|1860}}–{{circa|1926}})}}
| 1907
| 1923
| {{age in years|1907|1923}} years
|
|-
| [[File:Hastings House Calcutta 1910 (Sholkhang).jpg|80px]]
| '''{{ill|Sholkhang Dhondup Phuntsog|fr|Sholkhang}}'''<br />{{small|(1862–1926)}}
| 1907
| 1926
| {{age in years|1907|1926}} years
|
|-
| 2
| [[File:Langdun Kunga Wangchuk 6.jpg|80px]]
| '''{{ill|Langdun|fr}}'''<br />{{small|(1906–1980)}}
| 1926
| 1940
| {{age in years|1926|1940}} years
| [[13th Dalai Lama]]<br />{{small|(1879–1933)}}<br />[[14th Dalai Lama]]<br />{{small|(1937–1950)}}
|
|-
| rowspan=2| 3
| [[File:本珠仓·洛桑扎西.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Lobsang Tashi]]'''<br />{{small|(1897–1966)}}
| 1950
| 27 April 1952
| {{age in years|1950|1952}} years
| rowspan=2| [[14th Dalai Lama]]<br />{{small|(1937–1950)}}
|
|-
| [[File:鲁康娃·泽旺饶登.jpg|80px]]
| '''{{ill|Lukhangwa|fr}}'''<br />{{small|(1895–1966)}}
| 1950
| 27 April 1952
| {{age in years|1950|1952}} years
|
|}
==''Kashag''{{citation needed|date=June 2016}}==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan=2| {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan=2| Portrait
! rowspan=2| Name<br />{{small|(birth–death)}}
! colspan=3| Term of office
! rowspan=2| [[Dalai Lama]]
! rowspan=2| {{Abbr|Ref.|Refences}}
|-
! Took office
! Left office
! Time in office
|-
| 1
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| '''[[Jangsa Tsangy]]'''
| 1959
| 1960
| {{age in years|1959|1960}} years
| rowspan=13| [[14th Dalai Lama]]<br />{{small|''in exile''<br />(1950–present)}}
|
|-
| 2
| [[File:Shokhang.jpg|80px]]
| '''{{ill|Surkhang Wangchen Gelek|fr}}'''<br />{{small|(1910–1977)}}
| 1960
| 1964
| {{age in years|1960|1964}} years
|
|-
| 3
| [[File:先喀·居美多吉（夏苏）、洛桑扎西、柳霞·土登塔巴.jpg|80px]]
| '''{{ill|Gyurme Sonam Topgyal|fr}}'''<br />{{small|(1896–1967)}}
| 1965
| 1967 †
| {{age in years|1965|1967}} years
|
|-
| 4
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| '''{{ill|Garang Lobsang Rigzin|fr}}'''<br />{{small|(1905–?)}}
| 1970
| 1975
| {{age in years|1970|1975}} years
|
|-
| 5
| [[File:Kundeling Dzasa Woser Gyaltsen.jpg|80px]]
| '''{{ill|Kundeling Woeser Gyaltsen|lt=Kunling Woeser Gyaltsen|fr}}'''<br />{{small|(1915–2001)}}
| 1975
| 1980
| {{age in years|1975|1980}} years
|
|-
| 6
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| '''{{ill|Wangdue Dorjee|fr}}'''<br />{{small|(1919–1994)}}
| 1980
| 1985
| {{age in years|1980|1985}} years
|
|-
| 7
| [[File:Voa Juchen Thupten Namgyal 480.jpg|80px]]
| '''{{ill|Juchen Thupten Namgyal|fr}}'''<br />{{small|(1929–2011)}}
| 1985
| 1990
| {{age in years|1985|1990}} years
|
|-
| 8
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| '''{{ill|Kalsang Yeshi|fr}}'''<br />{{small|(born 1941)}}
| 1990
| 1991
| {{age in years|1990|1991}} years
|
|-
| 9
| [[File:Gyalo Thondup.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Gyalo Thondup]]'''<br />{{small|(born {{circa|1927}})}}
| 1991
| 1993
| {{age in years|1991|1993}} years
|
|-
| 10
| [[File:Tenzin Tethong.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Tenzin Tethong]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1947)}}
| 1993
| 1996
| {{age in years|1993|1996}} years
|
|-
| 11
| [[File:Sonam Topgyal (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Sonam Topgyal]]'''<br />{{small|(1940–2012)}}
| April 1997
| 5 September 2001
| {{age in years and months|1997|04|1|2001|09|05}}
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Jay |first1=Sophie |title=Former Tibetan prime minister, Sonam Topgyal, dies in Dharamshala |url=https://www.thetibetpost.com/en/news/exile/3134-tibets-former-prime-minister-sonam-topgyal-dies-in-dharamshala |access-date=24 November 2021 |work=thetibetpost.com |publisher=Tibet Post International |date=31 December 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 12
| [[File:Samdhong Rinpoche Lobsang Tenzin crop.JPG|80px]]
| '''[[Lobsang Tenzin]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1937)}}
| 5 September 2001
| 8 August 2011
| {{ayd|2001|09|05|2011|08|08}}
|
|-
| 13
| [[File:Lobsang Sangay, Tibetan Prime Minister.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Lobsang Sangay]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1968)}}
| 8 August 2011
| 20 September 2012
| {{ayd|2011|08|08|2012|09|20}}
|
|}
==''Sikyong''==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan=2| {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan=2| Portrait
! rowspan=2| Name<br />{{small|(birth–death)}}
! colspan=3| Term of office
! rowspan=2| [[Kashag|Cabinet]]<ref name=Cabinet>{{cite web |title=The Kashag (Cabinet) |url=https://tibet.net/about-cta/executive/ |website=Central Tibetan Administration |access-date=24 November 2021}}</ref>
! rowspan=2| Elected
! rowspan=2| {{Abbr|Ref.|Refences}}
|-
! Took office
! Left office
! Time in office
|-
! rowspan="2"| 1
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Lobsang Sangay, Tibetan Prime Minister.jpg|80px]]
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Lobsang Sangay]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1968)}}
| rowspan="2"| 20 September 2012
| rowspan="2"| 21 May 2021
| rowspan="2"| {{ayd|2012|09|20|2021|05|21}}
| [[14th cabinet (Tibet)|14th cabinet]]
| [[2011 Central Tibetan Administration general election|2011-12]]
| rowspan="2"|
|-
| [[15th cabinet (Tibet)|15th cabinet]]
| [[2016 Central Tibetan Administration general election|2016-17]]
|-
! rowspan="2"| 2
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Penpa Tsering - Sikyong.jpg|80px]]
| rowspan="2"| '''[[Penpa Tsering]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1967)}}
| rowspan="2"| 21 May 2021
| rowspan="2"| ''Incumbent''
| rowspan="2"| {{ayd|2021|05|21}}
| [[16th cabinet (Tibet)|16th cabinet]]
| {{endash}}
| rowspan="2"|
|-
| [[17th cabinet (Tibet)|17th cabinet]]
| [[2021 Central Tibetan Administration general election|2021-22]]
|-
|}
== See also ==
* [[2021 Central Tibetan Administration general election]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
; Speech/transcription
* [https://tibet.net/penpa-tsering-sworn-in-as-the-sikyong-of-16th-kashag/ Penpa Tsering sworn in as the Sikyong of 16th Kashag]
* [http://www.vifindia.org/transcriptions-paper/2011/09/6-7/Seminar-on-Tibet-in-the-Aftermath-of-Devolution-of-Political-Authority Key note address by Dr. Lobsang Sangay, Kalon Tripa, Tibetan Government in Exile on 06 September 2011 at the VIF Seminar on Tibet]
; Elections
* [http://kalontripa.org/ Kalon Tripa election in 2011]
* [http://www.tibetsociety.com/content/view/164 Kalön Tripa 2011 election results]
{{Central Tibetan Administration}}
{{Prime Ministers of Tibet}}
{{Tibetan elections}}
[[Category:Central Tibetan Administration]]
[[Category:Prime ministers of Tibet| ]]