View source for Simnia

{{Short description|Genus of gastropods}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758) 1.jpg
| image_caption = a live ''[[Simnia spelta]]'' on soft coral ''[[Leptogorgia sarmentosa]]''
| image2 = Simnia fusulina (MNHN-IM-2000-3780).jpeg
| image2_caption =Shell of †  ''Simnia fusulina'' (holotype at MNHN, Paris)
| taxon = Simnia
| authority = [[Antoine Risso|Risso]], 1826{{No-gastropod-genus-ref}}
| type_species = ''Simnia nicaeensis''
| type_species_authority = [[Antoine Risso|Risso]], 1826
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="WoRMS" />
| synonyms =
* ''Amphiperas (Neosimnia)'' <small>P. Fischer, 1884</small>
*''Amphiperas(Simnia)''  <small>[[Antoine Risso|Risso]], 1826</small>
*''Neosimnia'' <small>P. Fischer, 1884</small>
* ''Ovula (Neosimnia)'' <small>P. Fischer, 1884</small> (original rank)
* ''Ovula (Simnia)'' <small>Risso, 1826</small>
* ''Simia'' [sic] (misspelling)
*''Simnia (Neosimnia)'' <small>P. Fischer, 1884</small>
*''Spiculata'' <small>Cate, 1973</small>
* ''Subsimnia'' <small>C. N. Cate, 1973</small>
}}
'''''Simnia''''' is a [[genus]] of [[sea snail]]s, [[marine (ocean)|marine]] [[gastropod]] [[mollusc]]s in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Ovulidae]].<ref name="WoRMS">{{WRMS species|138307|''Simnia'' Risso, 1826|||Gofas, S. (2010). Simnia Risso, 1826. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through:  [[World Register of Marine Species]] at <nowiki>http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138307</nowiki> on 18 December 2011}}</ref>
==Taxonomy==
Dolin & Ledon (2002) considered that the lectotype of ''Simnia nicaeensis'' <small>Risso, 1826</small>, type species of ''Simnia'', is a juvenile specimen of ''Simnia spelta'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> type species of ''[[Neosimnia]]'' <small>Fischer, 1884</small>. This makes ''Simnia'' an objective synonym of ''Neosimnia''. Accordingly, all the species treated in Lorenz & Fehse (2009) under ''Neosimnia'' should thereby be accepted under ''Simnia''. Likewise, all the species treated by Lorenz & Fehse (2009) under ''Simnia'' should thereby be accepted under ''[[Xandarovula]]'' <small>Cate, 1973</small>.<ref name="WoRMS" />
The assumptions of Dolin (Dolin & Ledon, 2002) are based on interpretations but not on the examination of the type material. Fehse (2016) has confirmed the vaility of the genus Neosimnia because the lectotype of ''Simnia nicaeensis'' <small>Risso, 1826</small>, type species of ''Simnia'', is never a juvenile specimen of ''Simnia spelta'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> type species of ''[[Neosimnia]]'' <small>Fischer, 1884</small>.
==Species==
The valid assignment of the taxa are found in <small>Lorenz & Fehse, 2009</small>.
The assumption of Dolin prepared the following chaos:
Species within the genus ''Simnia'' include:
*''[[Simnia aperta]]'' <small>([[George Brettingham Sowerby II|Sowerby]], 1849)</small>
*''[[Simnia arcuata]]'' <small>([[Lovell Augustus Reeve|Reeve]], 1865)</small><ref>{{WRMS species|478411|''Simnia arcuata'' (Reeve, 1865)||6 June 2010}}</ref>
*''[[Simnia avena]]'' <small>([[George Brettingham Sowerby I|G.B. Sowerby I]], 1832)</small><ref>{{WRMS species|478412|''Simnia avena'' (G.B. Sowerby II, 1832)||6 June 2010}}</ref>
*''[[Simnia barbarensis]]'' <small>[[William Healey Dall|Dall]], 1892</small><ref>{{WRMS species|478413|''Simnia barbarensis'' Dall, 1892||6 June 2010}}</ref>
*''[[Simnia bartschi]]'' <small>(Cate, 1973)</small><ref>{{WRMS species|478414|''Simnia bartschi'' (Cate, 1973)||6 June 2010}}</ref>
*''[[Simnia bijuri]]'' <small>(Cate, 1976)</small><ref>{{WRMS species|478415|''Simnia bijuri'' (Cate, 1976)||6 June 2010}}</ref>
* † ''[[Simnia brevicula]]'' <small>(Celzard & Dovesi, 2024)</small>
* † ''[[Simnia fusulina]]'' <small>Dolin & Lozouet, 2004</small>
* † ''[[Simnia graniformis]]'' <small>(Celzard & Dovesi, 2024)</small>
*''[[Simnia hammesi]]'' <small>(Bertsch & Bibbey, 1982)</small><ref>{{WRMS species|478417|''Simnia hammesi'' (Bertsch & Bibbey, 1982)||6 June 2010}}</ref>
* † ''[[Simnia helenae]]'' <small>Dolin & Lozouet, 2004</small>
* † ''[[Simnia leathesi]]'' <small>(J. de C. Sowerby, 1826)</small>
* † ''[[Simnia lhommei]]''<small> (Cossmann, 1907) </small>
* † ''[[Simnia limondinae]]'' <small>Dolin & Lozouet, 2004</small>
*''[[Simnia loebbeckeana]]'' <small>([[Heinrich Conrad Weinkauff|Weinkauff]], 1881)</small><ref>{{WRMS species|478419|''Simnia loebbeckeana'' (Weinkauff, 1881)||6 June 2010}}</ref>
*''[[Simnia macleani]]'' <small>(Cate, 1976)</small><ref>{{WRMS species|478421|''Simnia macleani'' (Cate, 1976)||6 June 2010}}</ref>
* † ''[[Simnia multilineata]]'' <small>(Celzard & Dovesi, 2024)</small>
*''[[Simnia patula]]'' <small>([[Thomas Pennant|Pennant]], 1777)</small>
* ''[[Simnia pliomajor]]'' <small>(Sacco, 1894)</small>
* † ''[[Simnia pseudolaevis]]'' <small>(Celzard & Dovesi, 2024)</small>
* † ''[[Simnia pulchra]]'' <small>(Celzard & Dovesi, 2024)</small>
*  † ''[[Simnia rostralina]]'' <small>(Deshayes, 1865)</small>
* † ''[[Simnia scobina]]'' <small>(Garvie, 1996)</small>
* ''[[Simnia sculptura]]'' <small>(Cate, 1973)</small><ref>{{WRMS species|478428|''Simnia sculptura'' (Cate, 1973)||6 June 2010}}</ref>
* † ''[[Simnia semen]]'' <small>(Defrance, 1825)</small>
* ''[[Simnia senegalensis]]'' <small>([[Franz Alfred Schilder|Schilder]], 1931)</small><ref>{{WRMS species|478429|''Simnia senegalensis'' (F.A. Schilder, 1931)||6 June 2010}}</ref>
*''[[Simnia spelta]]'' <small>([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])</small><ref>{{WRMS species|478341|''Simnia spelta'' (Linnaeus, 1758)||6 June 2010}}</ref>
;Species brought into synonymy:
*''Simnia acicularis'' <small>([[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lamarck]], 1811)</small>: synonym of ''[[Cymbovula acicularis]]'' <small>([[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lamarck]], 1811)</small>
* ''Simnia aequalis'' <small>(G. B. Sowerby I, 1832)</small>: synonym of ''Neosimnia avena'' <small>(G. B. Sowerby I, 1833)</small> synonym of ''Simnia avena'' <small>(G. B. Sowerby I, 1833)</small>
*''Simnia aureocincta'' <small>[[William Healey Dall|Dall]], 1899</small>: synonym of ''[[Cyphoma aureocinctum]]'' <small>([[William Healey Dall|Dall]], 1889)</small>
* ''Simnia brevirostris'' <small>(Schumacher, 1817)</small>: synonym of ''[[Phenacovolva brevirostris]]'' <small>(Schumacher, 1817)</small>
*''Simnia hiscocki'' <small>Lorenz & Melaun, 2011</small>: synonym of ''[[Xandarovula hiscocki]]'' <small>(Lorenz & Melaun, 2011)</small> (superseded combination)
*''Simnia hyalina'' <small>Lorenz & Fehse, 2009</small>: synonym of ''[[Xandarovula hyalina]]'' <small>(Lorenz & Fehse, 2009)</small> (superseded combination)
*''Simnia illyrica'' <small>([[Franz Alfred Schilder|Schilder]], 1925)</small>: synonym of ''[[Simnia spelta]]'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> (junior subjective synonym)
*''Simnia inflexa'' <small>[[Franz Alfred Schilder|Schilder]], 1941</small>: synonym of ''[[Simnialena rufa]]'' <small>([[George Brettingham Sowerby I|Sowerby]], 1832)</small>
*''Simnia inflexa'' <small>([[George Brettingham Sowerby I|Sowerby]], 1832)</small>: synonym of ''[[Simnialena rufa]]'' <small>([[George Brettingham Sowerby I|Sowerby]], 1832)</small>
*''Simnia jacintoi'' <small>Fehse & Trigo, 2015</small>: synonym of ''[[Xandarovula jacintoi]]'' <small>(Fehse & Trigo, 2015)</small> (superseded combination)
*''Simnia nicaeensis'' <small>[[Antoine Risso|Risso]], 1826</small>: synonym of ''Simnia spelta'' <small>([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])</small>
*''Simnia nicaoensis'' <small>[[Antoine Risso|Risso]], 1826</small>: synonym of ''Simnia nicaeensis'' <small>[[Antoine Risso|Risso]], 1826</small>
*''Simnia piragua'' <small>[[William Healey Dall|Dall]], 1889</small>: synonym of ''[[Calcarovula piragua]]'' <small>([[William Healey Dall|Dall]], 1889)</small>
*''Simnia rufa'' <small>([[George Brettingham Sowerby II|Sowerby]], 1832)</small>: synonym of ''[[Simnialena rufa]]'' <small>([[George Brettingham Sowerby II|Sowerby]], 1832)</small>
*''Simnia sowerbyana'' <small>Paetel, 1887</small>: synonym of ''[[Phenacovolva brevirostris]]'' <small>([[Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher|Schumacher]], 1817)</small>
*''Simnia uniplicata'' <small>([[George Brettingham Sowerby II|Sowerby]], 1849)</small>: synonym of ''[[Simnialena uniplicata]]'' <small>([[George Brettingham Sowerby II|Sowerby]], 1849)</small>
* † ''Simnia vibrayana'' <small>(de Raincourt, 1870)</small> : synonym of † ''[[Sandalia vibrayana]]'' <small>(de Raincourt, 1870)</small>  (superseded combination)
*''Simnia vidleri'' <small>([[George Brettingham Sowerby III|Sowerby]], 1881)</small>:<ref>{{WRMS species|478430|''Simnia vidleri'' (Sowerby G.B. III, 1881)||6 June 2010}}</ref> synonym of ''[[Simnia arcuata]]'' (Reeve, 1865) (junior subjective synonym)
*''Simnia xanthochila'' <small>[[Tokubei Kuroda|Kuroda]], 1928</small>: synonym of ''[[Contrasimnia xanthochila]]'' <small>([[Tokubei Kuroda|Kuroda]], 1928)</small>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25505 Dall W.H. 1889. ''Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78) and in the Caribbean Sea (1879-80), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer "Blake", Lieut.-Commander C.D. Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J.R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. XXIX. Report on the Mollusca. Part 2, Gastropoda and Scaphopoda''. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College, 18: 1-492, pls. 10-40]
* Cate C.N. (1973). ''A Systematic Revision of the Recent Cypraeid Family Ovulidae''. The Veliger, Vol 15, Supplement.
* Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species'': a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp.&nbsp;180–213
* [http://www.mnhn.fr/publication/geodiv/g02n2a4.pdf  Dolin L. & Ledon D., 2002. Nouveaux taxons et discussion de la systématique des genres correspondants d'Ovulidae (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda) de l'Éocène inférieur de Gan (France). Geodiversitas 24(2): 329-347]
* Fehse, D. (2016): Superfamilia Cypraeoidea J.E. Gray, 1824 - In: Stein, G. Moths, H. Albrecht, F. Havekost, U. & Fehse, D. (eds.): Revision der miozänen Molluskenfauna (Hemmoorium) von Werder bei Achim (Nordwest-Niedersachsen): 33-41, pls. 16-19, text figs. 8-13. – Palaeofocus, 5: 1-289, pls. 1-76, text figs. 1-93, tabs. 1-5.
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3176673}}
[[Category:Ovulidae]]
[[Category:Gastropod genera]]