View source for Sok Kong

{{Short description|Khmero-Vietnamese businessman and founder of Sokimex}}
{{Family name hatnote|lang=Cambodian|Sok|Kong}}
{{Infobox Biography
| honorific_prefix   = Lok [[Oknha]]
| name               = Sok Kong
| native_name        = សុខ គង់
| birth_date         = 1948
| birth_place        = [[Prey Veng Province|Prey Veng]], [[Cambodia]]
| nationality        = Khmer<br />
| organization       = [[Sokimex]]
| known_for          = Founder of The Sokimex Investment Group of Cambodia, one of the largest conglomerates in Cambodia. Sokimex Petroleum Stations, Sokha Hotels Group, Developing Bokor City
| children           = 6
}}
Lok [[Oknha]] '''Sok Kong''' ({{langx|km|លោកឧកញ៉ា សុខ គង់}}; born in [[Prey Veng Province]], [[Cambodia]]) is a Khmer businessman and founder of [[Sokimex]], a company based in Cambodia. He is considered among Cambodia's two "most successful entrepreneurs" along with [[Kith Meng]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Killeen |first=Timothy J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=az8WBwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Sok+Kong%22&pg=PA148 |title=The Cardamom Conundrum: Reconciling Development and Conservation in the Kingdom of Cambodia |date=2012-02-01 |publisher=NUS Press |isbn=978-9971-69-614-6 |pages=148 |language=en}}</ref>
==Biography==
=== From defending Prey Veng to fleeing the Khmer Rouges ===
Kong was born to a Khmer family, whose parents are Vietnamese, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2004-11-20 |title='Tôi là người Việt Nam!' |url=https://tuoitre.vn/news-56609.htm |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Tuoi Tre Online |language=vi}}</ref> in [[Prey Veng Province]], [[Cambodia]] in 1948. His education did not go beyond the third grade. In 1975, Sok Kong who had joined the [[Khmer National Armed Forces]] was interviewed by the ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' in the turmoil of the [[Cambodian Civil War]], hitching a ride back to Phnom Penh from his post 20 miles to the northwest, telling the reporter: "[The Americans] give all the equipment we need. But we don't get it. The big people take it all."<ref>{{Cite book |last=United States Congress Senate |first=Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee to Investigate Problems Connected with Refugees and Escapees |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QwOvu3rcwocC&dq=%22Sok+Kong%22&pg=PA175 |title=Humanitarian Problems in South Vietnam and Cambodia, Two Years After the Cease-fire: A Study Mission Report Prepared for the Use of the Subcommittee to Investigate Problems Connected with Refugees and Escapees of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-fourth Congress, First Session, January 27, 1975 |date=1975 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |pages=175 |language=en}}</ref>
In 1975, he fled from the [[Khmer Rouge]] to Vietnam, working on a farm in [[Đồng Tháp province]]  and came back a few years later.<ref name=":0" />
=== Returning to Cambodia as a Serial Entrepreneur ===
Sok Kong started his career in the 1980s with an initial capital of US$100, started supplying fuel to Cambodia, he expanded later on to include a small scale rubber processing and manufacturing business producing motorbikes and plastic tires. He created his own rubber mill and signed a deal with the government to manufacture sandals from old tires. From this, he expanded his venture in the petroleum sector to be a dominant player by the early 90’s.{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}} Later on, his expansion included supplying the Khmer government with military uniforms, food, aluminium, and medicine imported from Vietnam, through the good ties that he kept with other entrepreneur associates he met while living for a short while in Vietnam during the late 70’s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gottesman |first=Evan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FYxuAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Sok+Kong%22 |title=Cambodia After the Khmer Rouge: Inside the Politics of Nation Building |date=2004 |publisher=Silkworm Books |isbn=978-974-9575-52-9 |pages=317 |language=en}}</ref>
=== Rebuilding peace and the economy after the restoration of Khmer monarchy ===
In 1988-1989 when the Vietnamese army withdrew to the country, the Cambodian army continued to sign a contract with Sok Kong to supply cloth, cammen, and pots for the army.
By 1990, his capital grew up to $100,000. His company started selling gasoline to the government and to [[UNTAC]] in 1992. In 1994, he opened a garment factory. In 1996, the Cambodian government sold its gasoline storage stations, and Sok Kong acquired them.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://english.cambodiadaily.com/news/sokimex-founder-sok-kong%E2%80%88business-ventures-keep-growing-80061/ |title=Sokimex Founder Sok Kong:Business Ventures Keep Growing |website=[[The Cambodia Daily]] |date=1 February 2008 |access-date=2016-07-10}}</ref>
In 1996, Sokimex purchased the state oil company ''Compagnie Kampuchea des Carburants'' for $10.6 million and took over its fuel storage in [[Phnom Penh]] and [[Sihanoukville Province|Sihanoukville]], allowing him to control the main port is Sihanoukville , on the Gulf of Thailand , which has 11 berths and can accommodate vessels of 10,000—15,000 tons.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Publications |first1=Europa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=umZPJ7DNGDYC&q=%22Sok+Kong%22 |title=The Far East and Australasia 2001 |last2=Staff |first2=Europa Publications |last3=Ed 32nd |last4=Coate |first4=Kelly |date=2001 |publisher=Taylor & Francis Group |isbn=978-1-85743-080-6 |pages=242 |language=en}}</ref>
=== Fueling the 1997 coup in favor of Hun Sen ===
[[File:Sokimex Warehouse 7 km.jpg|thumb|Sokimex Warehouse: in 1992 when the [[United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia|UNTAC]] came in, Sok Kong was supplying oil to the Khmer government, and when the international presence started ordering from him, contracts were so many that he did not have any warehouse left with storage. ]]
Kong won Hun Sen's gratitude during the [[1997 Cambodian coup d'état]], when the Sokimex provided the [[Cambodian People's Party]] with gasoline. Stripping Khmer-Chinese businessman Duong Chhiv from the contract he had obtained in 1996, Sok Kong obtained the monopoly on the supply of medicines to the Ministry of Health in reward, decreasing the price paid by the Ministry by 14 per cent from 1998 to 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rainsy |first=Sam |date=2000-04-28 |title=All that glitters seems to be ... Sokimex |url=https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/all-glitters-seems-be-sokimex |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=[[Phnom Penh Post]] |language=en}}</ref>
In 1999, Sok Kong acquired the ticketing rights to [[Angkor Wat]], which it operates in "admirantly efficient" way in exchange for a flat fee of $1 million each year.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Strangio |first=Sebastian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s-2uBAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Sok+Kong%22&pg=PA318 |title=Hun Sen's Cambodia |date=2014-11-28 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-21014-9 |pages=132 |language=en}}</ref>
=== Growing a diversified but criticized business ===
Sok Kong continued to develop Sokimex with his brother Sok Vanna, and in close relation with the Cambodian government. In 2000, opposition leader [[Sam Rainsy]] accused Sokimex of being set up with the support of the [[Cambodian–Vietnamese War|Vietnamese invading army]] and that it became the financial pillar for the ruling [[Cambodian People's Party|CPP]], thus enjoying unfair advantages over its competition.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/all-glitters-seems-be-sokimex |title=All that glitters seems to be ... Sokimex |newspaper=[[The Phnom Penh Post]] |date=28 April 2000 |access-date=2016-07-10}}</ref>
Until October 2007, Sok Kong and [[Teng Bunma]] controlled the Cambodian Chamber of Commerce, which he headed from 2002 to 2005,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Peou |first=Sorpong |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ni2PAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Sok+Kong%22 |title=International Democracy Assistance for Peacebuilding: Cambodia and Beyond |date=2007-10-23 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-52137-7 |pages=153 |language=en}}</ref> until they chose [[Kith Meng]], with no dissenting votes, as their direct successor.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Karbaum |first=Markus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J7PdqIS2ypEC&dq=%22Sok+Kong%22&pg=PA218 |title=Kambodscha unter Hun Sen: informelle Institutionen, politische Kultur und Herrschaftslegitimität |date=2008 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |isbn=978-3-8258-1645-2 |pages=218 |language=de}}</ref>
By 2008, Sok Kong had diversified into the tourism industry, garment factories, housing developments and even a helicopter company, but he decided to shift his investment priority to tourism and hotels.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samean |first=Yun |date=2008-01-30 |title=Sok Kong: Business Ventures Keep Growing |url=https://english.cambodiadaily.com/news/sok-kong-business-ventures-keep-growing-1232/ |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=The Cambodia Daily |language=en-US}}</ref>
In 2008, Sok Kong was confirmed as the new owner of the lion's share of Occheuteal Beach, the largest and most popular public dune in the region of Sihanoukville.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Silverstein |first=Ken |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rblvDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Sok+Kong%22&pg=PA163 |title=The Secret World of Oil |date=2014-05-13 |publisher=Verso Books |isbn=978-1-78168-137-4 |pages=163 |language=en}}</ref>
=== Leaving a legacy on Bokor Mountain ===
On 25 January 2022, Sok Kong announced to build a road connecting [[National Highway 4 (Cambodia)|National Road 4]] to [[Bokor Hill Station|Bokor Mountain]] with a length of about 27 kilometers. He also announced his intention to sell Sokha Hotel Phnom Penh and surrounding areas in Chroy Changvar for $1.5 billion and allocate that money to further develop Bokor’s Thansur Sokha Hotel and pay off debts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chivorn |date=2022-03-11 |title=Cambodia's Tycoon Sok Kong Announces to Sell Sokha Hotel Phnom Penh for $1.5B |url=http://en.freshnewsasia.com/index.php/en/localnews/27088-2022-01-28-08-23-14.html |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Fresh News |language=en-gb}}</ref>
== Controversies ==
=== Business practises ===
Sok Kong has been widely criticized for his business practises since the 1980's, though he questions his critics, wondering if anyone would have taken the risk that he dared to take at that time. Since then, Sok Kong has promoted better business practises: since becoming President of the Phnom Penh Chamber of Commerce for example, he signed the statement on [[corporate governance]] by the Confederation of Asia-Pacific Chambers of Commerce and Industry.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roche |first=Julian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlyAAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Sok+Kong%22&pg=PA9 |title=Corporate Governance in Asia |date=2005-02-01 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-29949-2 |pages=9 |language=en}}</ref>
He has criticized the impunity of certain ''oknha'' and has called for equal treatment before justice:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Un |first=Kheang |date=2005 |title=Patronage Politics and Hybrid Democracy: Political Change in Cambodia, 1993-2003 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/apr.2005.0023 |journal=Asian Perspective |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=203–230 |doi=10.1353/apr.2005.0023 |issn=2288-2871}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|text=Okhna and normal people are the same ... if they do something wrong they will face the court.|author=Sok Kong}}
=== Angkor controversy ===
The main opposition political party at the time led by [[Kem Sokha, and Sam Rainsy]], co-leaders of the now dissolved opposition [[Cambodia National Rescue Party]], accused [[APSARA]] the body that overseas the [[Angkor Archaeological Park]], of underreporting revenue in order to benefit Sok Kong. In March 2012, an anonymous group filed a corruption complaint with the country’s Anti-Corruption Unit, accusing Sokimex of siphoning off most of the ticket revenue and calling the contract between the government and the company “irregular,” but Bun Narith, Apsara’s general director, dismissed the allegations as baseless.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Savborey |first=Ouk |date=2014-11-19 |title=Cambodian Parliament Panel Chief Questions Management of Angkor Wat Revenue |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/cambodia/angkor-wat-11192014172942.html |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Radio Free Asia |language=en}}</ref> In May 2017, senior opposition lawmaker [[Son Chhay]] called once again for a review of government spending on Apsara, in link with its dealings with Sok Kong.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hul |first=Reaskmey |date=2017-05-03 |title=Opposition MP Questions Alleged Corruption at Apsara Authority |url=https://www.voacambodia.com/a/opposition-mp-questions-alleged-corruption-at-apsara-authority/3836189.html |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=VOA |language=en}}</ref>
Sok Kong advocates claim he has invested millions in order to develop the attractiveness of [[Siem Reap]] to foreign tourists, that his activities included many charitable contributions to the area, and that he built public restrooms, repaired roads, and developed businesses from luxury hotels to a [[hot air balloon]].<ref name=":0" />
=== Environmental issues ===
While many environmentalists have voiced criticism against developments promoted by Sok Kong,<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hb7fYnJFuP8C&q=%22Sok+Kong%22 |title=Environment & Planning A. |date=2011 |publisher=Pion Limited |pages=2558 |language=en}}</ref> the latter as stated his commitment to protecting the natural beauty and envioment of Cambodia and asserts that "the real challenge is the environment”,<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Kimsong |first1=Kay |last2=Barton |first2=Cat |date=2008-06-12 |title=For Sok Kong, being 'green' makes cents |url=https://www.phnompenhpost.com/business/sok-kong-being-green-makes-cents |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=[[Phnom Penh Post]] |language=en}}</ref> further saying that:
{{Blockquote|text=We as investors have to consider the environment – that is in everyone’s interest. If the government or companies do not protect [the environment] then we will all suffer.|author=Sok Kong}}
== Family ==
Sok Kong is married and is the father of six children, three boys and three girls.{{cn|date=September 2023}}
==See also==
* [[APSARA]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Business in Cambodia|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sok, Kong}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Prey Veng province]]
[[Category:Cambodian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Cambodian people of Vietnamese descent]]
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Oknha]]