View source for Solid stress

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The [[physical stress|stress]]es, one of the physical hallmarks of cancer,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nia|first1=Hadi T.|last2=Munn|first2=Lance L.|last3=Jain|first3=Rakesh K.|date=2020-10-30|title=Physical traits of cancer|journal=Science|language=en|volume=370|issue=6516|pages=eaaz0868|doi=10.1126/science.aaz0868|pmid=33122355|issn=0036-8075|pmc=8274378}}</ref> is exerted by the solid components of a tissue and accumulated within solid structural components (i.e., cells, [[collagen]], and [[hyaluronan]]) during growth and progression.
Solid stress in tumors is a [[residual stress]] that is elevated because of abnormal tumor growth and resistance to growth from the surrounding normal tissues or from within the tumors. Solid stress, independent of the [[interstitial fluid]] [[pressure]], induces [[Hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]] and impedes [[drug delivery]] by compressing [[blood vessels]] in tumors.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jain|first=R.K.|date=2014|title=An indirect way to tame cancer|journal=Scientific American|language=en|volume=310|issue=2|pages=46–53|doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0214-46|pmid=24640331|bibcode=2014SciAm.310b..46J}}</ref> Solid stress is heterogeneous in tumors with tensile stresses distributed more at the periphery of the tumor, and compressive stresses more at the tumor core.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Nia|first=H.T.|display-authors=etal|date=2017|title=Solid stress and elastic energy as measures of tumour mechanopathology|journal=Nature Biomedical Engineering|language=en|volume=004|pages=0004|doi=10.1038/s41551-016-0004|pmid=28966873|pmc=5621647}}</ref>
== References==
{{Reflist}}
* Jain R.K., "An indirect way to tame cancer", Sci Am 310(2): 46–53, 2014
* Jain R.K., J. D. Martin and T. Stylianopoulos, "The role of mechanical forces in tumor progression and therapy", Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 16:321-46, 2014.
* Jain R.K., "Normalizing tumor microenvironment to treat cancer: bench to bedside to biomarkers", J Clin Oncol, 31(17):2205-18, 2013.
* Stylianopoulos T., J.D. Martin, M. Snuderl, F. Mpekris, S. Jain and R.K. Jain, "Coevolution of solid stress and interstitial fluid pressure in tumor during progression: Implications for vascular collapse", Cancer Research, 73(13): 3833–3841, 2013.
* Helmlinger G., P.A. Netti, H. C. Lichtenbeld, R. J. Melder, R. K. Jain, "Solid stress inhibits the growth of multicellular tumor spheroids", Nat Biotechnol 15:778-783, 1997.
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Pressure]]
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