View source for Someș

{{other uses}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Someș/Szamos
| image = RO SJ Raul Somes la Letca (2).JPG
| image_caption = The Someș at [[Letca]], [[Sălaj County]]
| map = Raul Somes.png
| map_caption = The Someș marked in fuchsia color
| source1_location = Confluence of [[Someșul Mare]] and [[Someșul Mic]]
| source1_coordinates = {{coord|47|8|41|N|23|54|48|E|type:_river}}
| mouth_location = [[Tisza]]
| progression = {{RTisza}}
| subdivision_type1 = Countries
| subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Romania]]|[[Hungary]]}}
| subdivision_type2 = Cities
| subdivision_name2 = {{hlist|[[Dej]]|[[Jibou]]|[[Ulmeni, Maramureș|Ulmeni]]|[[Satu Mare]]}}
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| name_etymology = According to one view: borrowed Hungarian (Szamos, archaically ''Zomus''), perhaps directly from Slavic, from latin. The Hungarian name formed with Slavic mediation. In Roman times, the river was known as ''Samum'' (accusative). Its root may be in connection with the French river name [[Somme (river)|Somme]]. A proposed Indo-European root, *''s(w)om-isyo'' ('rich in catfish') is unlikely.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kiss |first1=Lajos |title=Földrajzi nevek etimológiai szótára |date=1980 |url= http://real-eod.mtak.hu/15175/1/AkademiaiKiado_007265.pdf |publisher=[[Akadémiai Kiadó]] |location=[[Budapest]] |isbn=963-05-2277-2 |page=594}}</ref> The opposite view starts from the radical çam-, through Latin Samus, and by late substrate transition of stressed a to stressed o (like in Potaissa/Patavissa).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Felecan |first1=Oliviu |last2=Felecan |first2=Nicolae |title=Straturi etimologice reflectate în hidronimia româneasca |journal=Quaderns de Filología. Estudis Lingüístics |volume=20 |issue=Toponímia Románica |pages=251–269 |year=2015 |issn=1135-416X |doi=10.7203/qfilologia.20.7521 |doi-access=free |hdl=10550/49693 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>{{Page range too broad|date=December 2023}}
| length = {{convert|415|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| source1_elevation =
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|122|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|48.1140|22.3394|display=inline,title}}
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|130|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
{{convert|138.593|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/east-europe/itemlist/category/1019-tisza|title=Rivers Network|year=2020}}</ref>
| basin_size = {{convert|18,146|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}
{{convert|19,108.8|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/east-europe/itemlist/category/1019-tisza|title=Rivers Network|year=2020}}</ref>
| tributaries_left = [[Someșul Mic]], [[Sălaj (river)|Sălaj]]
| tributaries_right = [[Someșul Mare]], [[Lăpuș (river)|Lăpuș]]
| waterbodies = 7<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rnges.anpm.ro/files2/Capitolul%203%20-%20Ap%C4%83_20071121453746.pdf |title=Capitolul 3 - Apă |work=Agenția Națională pentru Protecția Mediului |language=Romanian}}</ref>
| discharge1_location = [[Vásárosnamény]], [[Hungary]] (near mouth)
}}
The '''Someș''' ({{IPA|ro|ˈsomeʃ}}) or '''Szamos''' ({{langx|de|Somesch}} or ''Samosch'') is a left tributary of the [[Tisza]] in [[Hungary]] and [[Romania]]. It has a length of {{convert|415|km|abbr=on}} (including its source river [[Someșul Mare]]), of which 50&nbsp;km are in Hungary.<ref name=IPCDR>[https://www.icpdr.org/main/sites/default/files/Tisza_RB_Analysis_2007.pdf Analysis of the Tisza River Basin 2007], [[International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River|IPCDR]]</ref>{{rp|19}} The Someș is the fifth largest river by length and volume in Romania.<ref>{{cite book |title=Enciclopedia geografică a României |last=Ghinea |first=Dan |edition=III, revised and enlarged |publisher=Editura Enciclopedică |location=Bucharest |date=2002 |language=Romanian}}</ref> The hydrographic basin forms by the confluence at [[Mica, Cluj|Mica]], a commune about 4&nbsp;km upstream of [[Dej]], of [[Someșul Mare]] and [[Someșul Mic]] rivers. Someșul Mic (formed by the confluence of [[Someșul Rece]] with [[Someșul Cald]]) originates in the [[Apuseni Mountains]], and Someșul Mare springs from the [[Rodna Mountains]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Rîurile României: monografie hidrologică |last1=Diaconu |first1=Constantin |last2=Stănculescu |first2=Sorin |publisher=Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology |location=Bucharest |date=1971 |language=Romanian}}</ref>
Someșul Mare has a length of 130&nbsp;km and an area of 5,033&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> and a slight asymmetry in favor of the left side of the basin.<ref name="ape">{{cite web |url=http://www.rowater.ro/dasomes/Planbaz/Plan%20Bazinal%202010-2013.htm |title=Plan de apărare împotriva inundațiilor și ghețurilor, secetei hidrologice, accidentelor la construcțiile hidrotehnice și poluărilor accidentale al bazinului hidrografic Someș-Tisa |work=A. N. "Apele Române" |language=Romanian}}</ref> For the entire basin of Someș, the asymmetry on left becomes pronounced between [[Dej]] and [[Ardusat]] to change in the opposite direction after receiving the [[Lăpuș (river)|Lăpuș]] on the right side. The valley of Someșul Mare has much auriferous alluvium that, until the early 20th century, were brought to the surface using traditional tools. Specialists say that in the Someșul Mare were found grains of [[gold]] of 21 carats.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timponline.ro/in-somesul-mare-sunt-granule-de-aur/ |title=În Someșul Mare sunt granule de aur |work=TimpOnline.ro |last=Sabău |first=Cristiana |date=15 August 2011 |language=Romanian}}</ref>
The Someș drains a basin of {{convert|18146|km2|abbr=on}},<ref name=IPCDR/>{{rp|22}} of which {{convert|15,740|km2|abbr=on}} in Romania.<ref>[http://www.insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/field/publicatii/anuarul_statistic_al_romaniei_carte_en.pdf 2017 Romanian Statistical Yearbook], p. 13</ref> Its basin comprises 403 rivers with a total length of 5,528&nbsp;km, or 7% of the total length of the country. Basin area represents 6.6% of the country area and 71% of the area of Someș–Tisza hydrographic basin.<ref name="ape" />
To prevent [[flood]]ing, the Someș is dammed in the lower course. In the spring of 1970, due to heavy rains, the Someș flooded part of [[Satu Mare]] and surrounding plains. The discharge exceeded 3,300 m<sup>3</sup>/s compared to that year's average of 210 m<sup>3</sup>/s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://enciclopediaromaniei.ro/wiki/R%C3%A2ul_Some%C5%9F |title=Râul Someș |work=Enciclopedia României |language=Romanian}}</ref>
==Tributaries==
The following rivers are tributaries to the river Someș:
*Left: [[Someșul Mic]], [[Salca]], [[Olpret]], [[Vad (Someș)|Vad]], [[Șimișna (river)|Șimișna]], Iapa, Cormeniș, Valea Leșului, [[Lozna (Someș)|Lozna]], Valea Hrăii, [[Solona (Someș)|Solona]], [[Brâglez]], [[Almaș (Someș)|Almaș]], [[Agrij (river)|Agrij]], Apa Sărată, [[Șoimuș (Someș)|Șoimuș]], [[Bârsa (Someș)|Bârsa]], Inău, Valea Urdii, [[Horoat]], Uileac, [[Sălaj (river)|Sălaj]], [[Bortura]], Runc, Rodina, [[Bicău]], [[Valea Vinului (Someș)|Valea Vinului]], [[Lipău]], Valea Morii, [[Homorodul Nou]], [[Homorodul Vechi]]
*Right: [[Someșul Mare]], [[Sălătruc (Someș)|Sălătruc]], Muncel, [[Poiana (Someș)|Poiana]], [[Vâtroape]], [[Ileanda (river)|Ileanda]], Purcăreț, [[Cheud]], [[Iadăra]], Măriușa, Răchitișa, [[Bârsău (river)|Bârsău]], [[Arieș (Someș)|Arieș]], [[Lăpuș (river)|Lăpuș]], [[Nistru (Someș)|Nistru]], [[Cicârlău (river)|Cicârlău]], [[Ilba (river)|Ilba]], [[Seinel]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|Romania}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Somes}}
[[Category:Rivers of Cluj County]]
[[Category:Rivers of Sălaj County]]
[[Category:Rivers of Maramureș County]]
[[Category:Rivers of Satu Mare County]]
[[Category:Someș basin| ]]
[[Category:Rivers of Romania]]
[[Category:Rivers of Hungary]]
[[Category:Geography of Transylvania]]
[[Category:International rivers of Europe]]