View source for Stemona

{{Short description|Genus of vines}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image_caption = ''Stemona curtisii''<ref>1892 illustration by J.N. Fitch (d. 1927) - Curtis's Botanical Magazine v.118 [ser. 3:v.48] (1892)</ref>
|image = Stemona_curtisii_CBM.png
|image2 = ManShengBaiBu.JPG
|image2_caption = ''Stemona japonica''
|taxon = Stemona
|authority = [[João de Loureiro|Lour.]]
|synonyms_ref = <ref name=j/>
|synonyms =
* ''Roxburghia'' <small>Roxb.</small>
}}
'''''Stemona''''' is a genus of vines and subshrubs in the family [[Stemonaceae]], described as a genus in 1790.<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/654094#page/50/mode/1up Loureiro, João de. 1790. Flora cochinchinensis : sistens plantas in regno Cochinchina nascentes. Quibus accedunt aliae observatae in Sinensi imperio, Africa Orientali, Indiaeque locis variis. Omnes dispositae secundum systema sexuale Linnaeanum 2: 401, 404] in Latin</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40005171 Tropicos, ''Stemona'' Lour.]</ref>
''Stemona'' is native to [[China]], the [[Indian Subcontinent]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Papuasia]], and northern [[Australia]].<ref name=j>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=308838 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref><ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=131330 Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 70 <big>百部属</big> bai bu shu ''Stemona'' Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 401, 404. 1790. ]</ref>
== Species ==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* ''[[Stemona angusta|S.&nbsp;angusta]]'' <small> I.Telford</small> - [[Queensland|Qld]]
* ''[[Stemona aphylla|S. aphylla]]'' <small>Craib</small> - [[Thailand]]
* ''[[Stemona australiana|S.&nbsp;australiana]]'' <small> (Benth.) C.H.Wright</small> [[New Guinea|NG]], [[Northern Territory|NT]], [[Western Australia|WA]], [[Queensland|Qld]]
* ''[[Stemona burkillii|S. burkillii]]'' <small>Prain -</small> [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar]]
* ''[[Stemona cochinchinensis|S. cochinchinensis]]'' <small>Gagnep.</small> - [[Vietnam]]
* ''[[Stemona collinsiae|S. collinsiae]]'' <small>Craib</small> - [[Thailand]], [[Vietnam]]
* ''[[Stemona curtisii|S. curtisii]]'' <small>Hook.f.</small> - [[Sri Lanka]], [[Nicobar Islands|Nicobar]], [[Thailand]], [http://mapcarta.com/15621556 Lepar]
* ''[[Stemona griffithiana|S. griffithiana]]'' <small>Kurz</small> - [[Myanmar]]
* ''[[Stemona hutanguriana|S. hutanguriana]]'' <small>Chuakul</small> - [[Thailand]]
* ''[[Stemona involuta|S. involuta]]'' <small>Inthachub</small> - [[Thailand]]
* ''[[Stemona japonica|S.&nbsp;japonica]]'' <small>(Blume) Miquel</small> - SE [[China]], [[Japan]]
* ''[[Stemona javanica|S.&nbsp;javanica]]'' <small>(Kunth) Engl.</small> - [[Java]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]], [[Bismarck Archipelago|Bismarck]], [[New Guinea|NG]]
* ''[[Stemona kerrii|S.&nbsp;kerrii]]'' <small> Craib</small> - [[Yunnan]],  [[Thailand]], [[Vietnam]]
* ''[[Stemona kurzii|S. kurzii]]'' <small>Prain</small> -  [[Myanmar]]
* ''[[Stemona lucida|S.&nbsp;lucida]]'' <small> (R.Br.) Duyfjes</small> - [[Queensland|Qld]], [[New Guinea|NG]], Philippines
* ''[[Stemona mairei|S.&nbsp;mairei]]'' <small> (H.Léveillé) K.Krause</small> - [[Sichuan]], [[Yunnan]]
* ''[[Stemona parviflora|S.&nbsp;parviflora]]'' <small> C.H.Wright</small> - [[Hainan]]
* ''[[Stemona phyllantha|S. phyllantha]]'' <small>Gagnep.</small> - [[Thailand]]
* ''[[Stemona pierrei|S. pierrei]]'' <small>Gagnep.</small> - [[Vietnam]], [[Laos]]
* ''[[Stemona prostrata|S.&nbsp;prostrata]]'' <small> I.Telford</small> - [[Northern Territory|NT]]
* ''[[Stemona rupestris|S. temona rupestris]]'' <small>Inthachub</small> - [[Thailand]]
* ''[[Stemona sessilifolia|S.&nbsp;sessilifolia]]'' <small> (Miq.) Miq.</small> - SE [[China]]
* ''[[Stemona squamigera|S. squamigera]]'' <small>Gagnep.</small> - [[Laos]]
* ''[[Stemona tuberosa|S.&nbsp;tuberosa]]'' <small> Lour.</small> - [[China]], [[Indian Subcontinent]], [[Southeast Asia|SE Asia]], [[New Guinea]]
}}
==Fossil record==
2 [[fossil]] [[seed]]s of †''Stemona germanica'' from the early [[Miocene]], have been found in the Kristina Mine at [[Hrádek nad Nisou]] in [[North Bohemia]], the [[Czech Republic]]. Fossil seeds of ''Stemona germanica'' have also been recorded from the nearby Hartau in [[Germany]]. ''Stemona'' fossil seeds are recorded from many European sites ranging in ages from the [[Maastrichtian]] to the [[Late Miocene]].<ref>A review of the early Miocene Mastixioid flora of the Kristina Mine at Hrádek nad Nisou in North Bohemia, The Czech Republic, January 2012 by F. Holý, Z. Kvaček and Vasilis Teodoridis - ACTA MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE Series B – Historia Naturalis • vol. 68 • 2012 • no. 3–4 • pp. 53–118</ref>
==Cultivation and uses==
''Stemona tuberosa'' (Chinese: 百部; pinyin: bǎi bù), is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in [[traditional Chinese medicine]].
[[Stemofoline]] alkaloids occur in the stems and leaves of ''Stemona'' species, particularly ''S. japonica'' and have been investigated for use as pharmacological and pesticidal compounds.<ref>{{Cite book|date=1999|editor-last=Yamamoto|editor-first=Izuru|editor2-last=Casida|editor2-first=John E.|title=Nicotinoid Insecticides and the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor|language=en-gb|doi=10.1007/978-4-431-67933-2|isbn=978-4-431-68011-6|s2cid=34374399|page=46}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tang |first1=Chun-Ping |last2=Chen |first2=Tong |last3=Velten |first3=Robert |last4=Jeschke |first4=Peter |last5=Ebbinghaus-Kintscher |first5=Ulrich |last6=Geibel |first6=Sven |last7=Ye |first7=Yang |title=Alkaloids from Stems and Leaves of Stemona japonica and Their Insecticidal Activities |journal=Journal of Natural Products |date=1 January 2008 |volume=71 |issue=1 |pages=112–116 |doi=10.1021/np070427k|pmid=18163592 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Xiong-Zhi |last2=Gao |first2=Long-Hui |last3=Huang |first3=Pei-Qiang |title=Enantioselective total syntheses of (+)-stemofoline and three congeners based on a biogenetic hypothesis |journal=Nature Communications |date=20 October 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5314 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19163-4|doi-access=free |pmid=33082332 |pmc=7576163 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5314H }}</ref> The chemical structure of the insecticide [[flupyradifurone]] was inspired by stemofoline.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Nauen|first1=Ralf|last2=Jeschke|first2=Peter|last3=Velten|first3=Robert|last4=Beck|first4=Michael E.|last5=Ebbinghaus-Kintscher|first5=Ulrich|last6=Thielert|first6=Wolfgang|last7=Wölfel|first7=Katharina|last8=Haas|first8=Matthias|last9=Kunz|first9=Klaus|last10=Raupach|first10=Georg|date=2015|title=Flupyradifurone: a brief profile of a new butenolide insecticide|journal=Pest Management Science|language=en|volume=71|issue=6|pages=850–862|doi=10.1002/ps.3932|issn=1526-4998|pmc=4657471|pmid=25351824}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{APNI | name = Stemona Lour. | id = 11599}}
* [https://archive.today/20121212085134/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?11515 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Stemona'']
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2697368}}
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
[[Category:Pandanales genera]]
[[Category:Stemonaceae]]
{{Pandanales-stub}}