View source for Sumera Hydroelectric Power Plant

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
[[Image:Sumera Hydroelectric Power Plant (Front Side View).JPG|thumb|right|This is a photograph of the Sumera Hydroelectric Power Plant. This is a view of the front side of the main building. This plant was established by the British in India in 1931.]]
'''Sumera Hydroelectric Power Plant''' is one of the oldest [[hydroelectric power plant]]s or [[hydel power station]]s in [[India]]. It is located at [[Sumera Dariyapur]] in [[Jawan Sikandarpur]] of [[Aligarh District]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.
==Approach==
[[Image:Sumera Hydroelectric Power Plant (Left Side View).jpg|thumb|right|This is a photograph of the Sumera Hydroelectric Power Plant. This is a view of the left side of the main building.]]
[[Jawan Sikandarpur]] is situated on the [[Aligarh]]-[[Moradabad]] Highway ([[Anoopshahar]] Road) at a distance of {{convert|16|km|mi|abbr=off}} from [[Aligarh]]. It is {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=off}} from [[Qasimpur Power House Colony]] and {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=off}} from [[Harduaganj Thermal Power Station]]. The building of the '''Sumera Hydroelectric Power Plant''' is situated just near the Highway where the [[Ganges Canal]] (or the Ganga Canal) flows under the [[Jawan Bridge]] (also spelled as Jawaa Bridge).
==History==
===Establishment of Jawan Sikandarpur and Sumera Dariyapur===
[[Raja Kulan Singh]] had three sons, [[Jauhar Singh]], [[Sumer Singh]] and [[Tikam Singh (Son of Raja Kulan Singh)|Tikam Singh]]. The elder son Jauhar Singh established [[Jawan Sikandarpur]].[[Sumera Dariyapur]] was named after Sumer Singh.<ref name=history>{{cite web|title=History of Jawan Sikandarpur|url=http://wikiedit.org/India/Jawan-Sikanderpur/265283/}}</ref>
===The origins and development of hydroelectric and thermal power systems in India===
[[Image:Sumera Hydroelectric Power Plant (Name Plate).jpg|thumb|right|This is a photograph of the Sumera Hydroelectric Power Plant. This is a view of the front side of the main building focussing on the name-plate.]]
Most of the early [[power generating stations]],(including '''Sumera''') which were developed when India was a colony of the [[United Kingdom|British]], were [[hydro-electric]] in nature. These pre-independence generating stations fed loads in the urban areas and electrification of the villages was done mostly after 1947.<ref name=book>{{cite book|title=History of electric power in India (1890 – 1990)|publisher=IEEE Conference Publications|isbn=978-1-4244-1344-7|pages=152–165|author1=Madan, S. |author2=Manimuthu, S. |author3=Thiruvengadam, S. |date=24 September 2023 }}</ref>
===Establishment of the power plant===
'''Sumera Hydroelectric Power Plant''' was established by the [[United Kingdom|British]] in 1931. The electricity generated from this plant was sufficient for the small population of [[Aligarh]] at that time. It is situated just near the [[Jawan Bridge]]. The building itself is a masterpiece of British architecture, combined with both beauty and strength. It was a [[small hydro]] plant. Its [[power capacity]] was 2,000&nbsp;kW. A brief description of the building, location and date was written on a name-plate fixed high on the front elevation. (Shown in the 3rd photograph from the above). It reads as :
"''Ganges Canal Hydro-electrical Power Supply Sumera 1931''"
==Water source and the construction of the dams==
The [[Ganges Canal]] (or the [[Ganga Canal]]) was used as a source of water for generating [[electricity]]. A [[dam]] was constructed on the [[Ganges Canal]] for the purpose. Another [[dam]] was also constructed near the Communical Health Centre.
Therefore, the dams constructed on the [[Ganges Canal]] in [[Jawan Sikandarpur]] are as follows:
(i)[[Jawan Dam]] was constructed near the '''Sumera Hydroelectric Power Plant''' to use the [[Ganges Canal]] as a source of water for generating electricity from the '''Sumera Hydroelectric Power Plant'''. Over the [[Jawan Dam]], a bridge called as the [[Jawan Bridge]] was constructed, over which the [[Aligarh]]-[[Moradabad]] [[Highway]] passes now.
(ii)[[Ganga Dam]] was constructed near the Communical Health Centre.
==Other power stations in or around Aligarh==
*[[Harduaganj Thermal Power Station]] in [[Aligarh]].
*[[NTPC Dadri]] in [[Dadri]], [[Gautam Budh Nagar]].
*[[Palra Hydroelectric Power Plant]] in [[Bulandshahar]].
*[[Narora Atomic Power Station]] in [[Bulandshahar]].
*[[Faridabad Thermal Power Station]] in [[Faridabad]].
In total there are 13 [[power stations]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] and 110 power stations in [[India]].
==Upper Ganga Canal power projects==
There are 13 small waterfalls on the [[Upper Ganga Canal]] starting from [[Haridwar]] (where the [[Ganga]] enters the plains) to [[Aligarh]]. These [[power houses]] (along with their power capacity) are mentioned here:
: (i) [[Bahadurabad]] (Bahadurabad and [[Salempur, Uttar Pradesh|Salempur]] Waterfalls) (with the [[power capacity]] of 4,400&nbsp;kW)
: (ii) [[Pathari]] in [[Haridwar]] (2 lakh kW)
: (iii) [[Mohammedpur]] in [[Haridwar]] (3,000&nbsp;kW)
: (iv) [[Nirgajni]] in [[Muzaffarnagar]] (5,000&nbsp;kW)
: (v) Chittora in [[Muzaffarnagar]] (3,000&nbsp;kW)
: (vi) [[Salawa]] in [[Meerut]] (3,000&nbsp;kW)
: (vii) [[Bhola, Uttar Pradesh|Meerut]] (2,700&nbsp;kW)
: (viii) [[Palra (Bulandshahar)|Palra]] in [[Bulandshahar]] (6,000&nbsp;kW)
: (ix) '''Sumera''' in [[Aligarh]] (2,000&nbsp;kW)
Most of the power energises tube-wells which irrigate 14 districts of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=essay>{{cite web|title=Essay on the Important Multipurpose Projects in India |url=http://www.preservearticles.com/2011101215233/essay-on-the-important-multipurpose-projects-of-india.html}}</ref>
==The current status==
Currently the '''Sumera Hydroelectric Power Plant''' is not operational.
At present '''Sumera Hydroelectric Power Plant''' and [[Palra Hydroelectric Power Plant]] in [[Bulandshahar]] have both been abandoned.<ref name=renewable>{{cite web|title=New And Renewable Sources Of Energy|url=http://upenvis.nic.in/Database/New_And_Renewable_Sources_Of_Energy_Nrse_844.aspx}}</ref>
==References==
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[[Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1931]]
[[Category:Aligarh district]]
[[Category:Dams in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1931 establishments in India]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]