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{{About|city in Poland||Supraśl (river)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Supraśl
| image_flag = POL Supraśl flag.svg
| image_shield = POL Supraśl COA.svg
| image_skyline = Monaster Supraśl 8084.jpg
| image_caption = [[Supraśl Lavra|Monastery of the Annunciation in Supraśl]]
| pushpin_map = Poland
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Podlaskie Voivodeship|Podlaskie]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Białystok County|Białystok]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Supraśl|Supraśl]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Radosław Dobrowolski<ref name=PWL/>
| area_total_km2 = 5.68
| population_as_of = 2017<ref name=PWL>{{cite web|url=http://www.polskawliczbach.pl/Suprasl|title=Supraśl (podlaskie)|website=Polska w liczbach|access-date=23 October 2019|language=pl}}</ref>
| population_total = 4621
| population_density_km2 = auto
| coordinates = {{coord|53|13|N|23|20|E|region:PL|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m =
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 16-030
| area_code = +48 85
| registration_plate = BIA
| website = http://www.suprasl.pl
}}
'''Supraśl''' ({{IPAc-pl|'|s|u|p|r|a|ś|l}}; {{langx|be|Су́прасль}}; {{Langx|lt|Supraslė}}) is a town and former episcopal see in north-eastern [[Poland]].
Supraśl is in [[Podlaskie Voivodeship]] (province) since 1999, previously in [[Białystok Voivodeship (1975–1998)]] (1975–1998), and is in [[Białystok County]], about {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=off}} northeast of [[Białystok]]. It is the seat of the [[Gmina of Supraśl]]. Its population is 4,526 (2004).
== History ==
[[File:Cerkiew bazylianów Supraśl.jpg|thumb|left|170px|[[Supraśl Orthodox Monastery]] in the 1930s]]
The settlement was founded in the 16th century.<ref name=PWN>{{cite web|url=https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Suprasl;3981461.html|title=Supraśl|website=Encyklopedia PWN|access-date=23 October 2019|language=pl}}</ref> After the [[Third Partition of Poland]] in 1795, it was annexed by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]. In 1807 it passed to the [[Russian Partition]] of Poland. In 1823, a 10th-century manuscript, the oldest Slavic literary work in Poland, named the ''[[Codex Suprasliensis]]'', was discovered in the Supraśl Monastery by Michał Bobrowski.
After 1831, the textile industry developed. In 1834 manufacturer Wilhelm Fryderyk Zachert came from [[Zgierz]] to Supraśl and significantly contributed to the development of the village into a town.<ref name=SU>{{cite web|url=http://www.suprasl.pl/index.php/suprasl/historia-suprasla|title=Historia Supraśla|website=Suprasl.pl|access-date=23 October 2019|language=pl}}</ref> Until the mid-19th century, it was the largest center of the textile industry in the region, before it was surpassed by nearby [[Białystok]].<ref name=PWN/> In the 19th century, mostly Catholics lived there, but also Protestants, Orthodox and Jews.<ref name=SU/> During [[World War I]] from 1915 to 1919 it was occupied by the Germans.<ref name=SU/> After 1919, in independent Poland. During [[World War II]] it was [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied]] by the [[Soviet Union|Soviets]] from 1939 to 1941 and by the Germans from 1941 to 1944.<ref name=PWN/> The Soviets destroyed part of the monastery's interior,<ref name=SU/> and the Germans destroyed most of the industrial plants.<ref name=PWN/>
In 2001 Supraśl was recognized as a [[spa town]].<ref name=SU/>
=== Ecclesiastical History ===
* On 6 March 1798 was established the [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church|Ruthenian Catholic]] [[Eparchy]] ([[Eastern Catholic]] [[Diocese]]) of Supraśl / Supraslien(sis) Ruthenorum (Latin adjective), on presently Polish territory not previously served by that [[particular church]] ''sui iuris'' ([[Byzantine Rite]] in [[Ruthenian language]]). [[Pope Pius VI]]'s [[papal bulla]] ''Susceptam a Nobis di papa'',<ref>in ''Bullarii romani continuatio'', vol. VI, Part III, Prato 1849, pp. 3102–3109</ref> thus canonically executed its erection, which was devised by the Prussian kingdom (Fredrick William II) in January 1797 for the parts of the [[Eparchy of Brėst]] and [[Major Archeparchy of Kiev–Galicia (Kyiv-Halych)|Archeparchy of Kiev]] that became Prussian in the [[Third partition of Poland]]. The Pope made it exempt, i.e. directly subject to the Holy See, not part of any [[ecclesiastical province]], and installed a [[cathedral chapter]] comprising a provost and four canons.<ref>Augustin Theiner, ''Die neuesten Zustände der Katholischen Kirche beider Ritus in Polen und Rußland seit Katharina II. bis auf unsere Tage'', Augsburg 1841, pp. 296-300.</ref>
* It was suppressed on 1809.02.14, without Catholic successor, by imperial edict of the Czar [[Alexander I of Russia]], annexing it to the [[Eparchy of Brest]], after the [[Convention of Bartenstein]] (April 1807) and [[Peace of Tilsit]] (July 1807) transferred its territory from Prussia to the Russian empire.
It has had only three incumbents :
;''Exempt Eparch (Bishops) of Supraśl of the Ruthenians''
* [[Theodosius Wislocki]], [[Basilian Order of Saint Josaphat]] (O.S.B.M.) (1797 – death 1801.05.18)
* [[Nicholas Duchnowski]] (1803.05.16 – death 1805.06.25)
*'' [[Bishop-elect]] Father [[Leo Jaworowski]] (1807 – 1809 not possessed lacking confirmation by Rome), next [[Auxiliary bishop]] of Eparch Jozafat Bułhak in Brest and [[titular bishop]] of [[Volodymyr]].''
Supraśl is also a [[titular bishopric]] of the [[Polish Orthodox Church]].
== Culture and heritage ==
It is the home of the [[Supraśl Lavra]], founded by [[Aleksander Chodkiewicz]], one of six Eastern Orthodox monasteries for men in [[Poland]]. The [[Codex of Supraśl]], the oldest [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] [[literary work]] in [[Poland]] and one of the oldest of its kind in the world, is named after the [[Supraśl Lavra]]. Since September 2007 it has been on [[UNESCO]]'s [[Memory of the World]] list. The Museum of Icons is located in the Chodkiewicz Palace within the monastery complex.
Other historic landmarks include the Buchholtz Palace, which now houses the Art High School, the Catholic churches of Our Lady Queen of Poland and of the Holy Trinity, the town hall, cinema, a 19th-century park and historic wooden architecture.
<gallery widths=140>
File:Pałac Buchholtza w Supraślu.jpg|Buchholtz Palace
File:Suprasl kosciol NMP Krolowej Polski 1.jpg|Our Lady Queen of Poland church
File:Supraśl Dom ludowy 01 Al.JPG|Cinema
File:PałacArchimandrytów.jpg|Chodkiewicz Palace
File:Pomnik Suprasl park 01.jpg|Monument to the Polish victory in the [[Polish–Soviet War]] in 1920 in the city park
File:Supraśl Pałac Buchholtza - wozownia 01 Al.JPG|Coach house of the Buchholtz Palace
</gallery>
== International relations ==
[[File:Ratusz Supraśl.jpg|thumb|Town hall]]
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}
===Twin towns — Sister cities===
Supraśl is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Zgierz]], [[Poland]]
== Nature ==
Supraśl is surrounded by the [[Knyszyn Forest Landscape Park]] with the very interesting nature - see the picture below.
[[File:Boletus Mushroom Harvest, Supraśl, Poland, 13 September 2018.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Boletus]] [[Mushroom]] Harvest in Supraśl, the photograph of  September 2018]]
== See also ==
* [[List of Catholic dioceses in Poland]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Sources and external links ==
* [http://www.suprasl.pl/ Official town webpage]
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/supr0.htm GCatholic ]
; Bibliography - ecclesiastical history
* Augustin Theiner, ''Die neuesten Zustände der Katholischen Kirche beider Ritus in Polen und Rußland seit Katharina II. bis auf unsere Tage'', Augsburg 1841
* Konrad Eubel, ''Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi'', vol. 6, p.&nbsp;389
* Alfred Ignatowicz, ''Greckokatolicka diecezja supraska (1796–1807)'', in "Wiadomości Kościele Archidiecezji w białymstoku" 1976, r. 2, nr 4, pp.&nbsp;105–116.
* Radosław Dobrowolski, ''Opat Supraski Biskup Leon Ludwik Jaworowski'', Supraśl 2003, p.&nbsp;333.
* Nikolaj Dalmatov, ''Supraslskij Blagowescanskij Monastyr'', St. Peterburg 1892, p.&nbsp;611.
* Gaetano Moroni, ''Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica'', vol. 71, Venice 1855, pp.&nbsp;76–78
* Leonard Drożdżewicz, Overheard in Suprasl Academy, „Znad Wilii”, Viešoji įstaiga „Znad Wilii” kultūros plėtros draugija, ISSN 1392-9712 indeks 327956, nr 1 (81) z 2020 r., pp.&nbsp;91–97, (in Polish)http://www.znadwiliiwilno.lt/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Znad-Wilii-1-81m-1-1.pdf
* {{cite journal |last1=[[Guy Picarda|Pichura]] |first1=H |title=The Podobny Texts and Chants of the Supraśl Irmologion of 1601 |journal=[[The Journal of Belarusian Studies|The Journal of Byelorussian Studies]] |date=1970 |volume=II |issue=2 |pages=192-221 |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/bela/2/2/article-p192_3.xml |access-date=30 May 2024}}
{{Commons category|Supraśl}}
{{Gmina Supraśl}}
{{Ruthenian Uniate Church}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Podlaskie Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Białystok County]]