View source for T/Space

{{lowercase title|t/Space}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2008}}
{{Infobox company
| name             = Transformational Space Corporation <br /> (t/Space)
| logo             = TSpace logo.jpg
| logo_size        = 150px
| type             = [[Private company|Private]]
| genre            = Commercial spaceflight
| foundation       = Early 2004
| founder          =
| location_city    = [[Reston, Virginia]]
| location_country = [[United States]]
| location         =
| locations        =
| area_served      =
| key_people       = [[Charles A. Duelfer]] <small>([[Chief executive officer|CEO]], Chairman)</small> <br /> [[David Gump]] <small>(President)</small>
| industry         = Launch services, prototyping, exploration technologies
| products         = CVX manned vehicle
| services         = Consultation services
| market cap       =
| revenue          =
| operating_income =
| net_income       =
| assets           =
| equity           =
| owner            =
| num_employees    =
| parent           =
| divisions        =
| subsid           =
| homepage         = [http://www.transformspace.com/ www.transformspace.com]
| footnotes        =
| intl             =
}}
'''t/Space''' (or '''Transformational Space Corporation''') was an American [[aerospace]] company which participated in NASA's [[Commercial Orbital Transportation Services]] (COTS), and later, [[Commercial Crew Development]] (CCDev) programs for delivering cargo and crew to the [[International Space Station]].  The company was headquartered in [[Reston, Virginia]].
== History ==
In September 2004 t/Space was one of eleven companies selected by NASA to conduct preliminary concept studies for the [[Crew Exploration Vehicle]] and human lunar exploration, for which it received a US$3 million contract.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=14933 |title=t/Space Wins NASA Lunar Exploration Contract |work=SpaceRef.com |date=2004-09-02 |access-date=2008-07-04}}</ref> The company was competing with larger and more established companies such as [[Lockheed Martin]], [[Boeing]], and [[Northrop Grumman]] to provide vehicle and architecture advice to NASA for the Vision for Space Exploration.
In May 2006, out of a field of more than 20 firms of all sizes,<ref>
{{Cite news |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/11927039 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225211746/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/11927039/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 25, 2013 |title=Private ventures vie to service space station |last=Boyle|first=Alan |publisher=[[NBC News]] |access-date=2011-12-19 }}</ref>
the company was one of six finalists in the COTS competition for funded agreements with NASA.<ref name=belfiore20060509>
{{Cite web |last=Belfiore|first=Michael |date=May 9, 2006 |url=http://michaelbelfiore.com/blog/2006/05/nasa-makes-first-round-of-cuts-for.html |title=NASA makes first round of cuts for COTS |work=Dispatches from the Final Frontier |access-date=2011-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614075601/http://michaelbelfiore.com/blog/2006/05/nasa-makes-first-round-of-cuts-for.html |archive-date=2006-06-14}}</ref>
[[SpaceX]] and [[Rocketplane Kistler]] received the two funded agreements in August 2006.<ref name=nasa20060818>
{{cite press release |publisher=NASA |date=2006-08-18 |title=NASA Selects Crew and Cargo Transportation to Orbit Partners |url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2006/aug/HQ_06295_COTS_phase_1.html |access-date=2011-12-19}}</ref>
In January 2007, NASA signed a Space Act Agreement with t/Space on technical assistance and data access to help the company develop its privately funded spacecraft for bringing passengers and cargo to the ISS and to private space habitats.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}
In 2011, t/Space proposed a recoverable, reusable transfer spacecraft—for an eight-person crew or [[cargo spacecraft|space cargo]]—to NASA under the [[Commercial Crew Development]] phase 2 program (CCDev2).  The concept spacecraft could launch on a variety of launch vehicles, including the [[Atlas V]], [[Falcon 9]] and [[Taurus II]].<ref name=cl20110211>{{cite web |last=Boyle |first=Alan |title=Let's talk about the final frontier |url=http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/02/11/6035600-lets-talk-about-the-final-frontier |work=Cosmic Log |publisher=MSNBC |access-date=2011-02-13 |date=2011-02-11 |quote=''the proposal calls for the development of a spaceship that could be sent into space on a variety of launch vehicles. ... "Up to eight crew, Soyuz-like architecture (recoverable reusable crew element, expendable orbital/cargo module).  Incorporates HMX's patented integral abort system (uses OMS/RCS propellant in separate abort engines).  Can fly on Atlas 401 [a configuration for the Atlas 5 rocket], F9 [SpaceX's Falcon 9] or [[Taurus II]] (enhanced) but with a reduced cargo and crew capability on the latter vehicle.  Goal is to be the lowest-price provider on a per-seat basis.  Nominal land recovery with water backup."''  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215002006/http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/02/11/6035600-lets-talk-about-the-final-frontier |archive-date=2011-02-15 }}</ref>
The t/Space proposal was not selected for NASA funding.<ref name=aw20110422>{{cite news |last=Morring |first=Frank Jr. |title=Five Vehicles Vie To Succeed Space Shuttle |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/awst/2011/04/25/AW_04_25_2011_p24-313867.xml&headline=Five%20Vehicles%20Vie%20To%20Succeed%20Space%20Shuttle |newspaper=[[Aviation Week]] |date=2011-04-22 |access-date=2011-02-23 |quote=''the CCDev-2 awards, ... went to Blue Origin, Boeing, Sierra Nevada Corp. and Space Exploration Technologies Inc. (SpaceX).''  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111221070704/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news%2Fawst%2F2011%2F04%2F25%2FAW_04_25_2011_p24-313867.xml&headline=Five%20Vehicles%20Vie%20To%20Succeed%20Space%20Shuttle |archive-date=2011-12-21 }}</ref>
Apparently t/space went out of business sometime before 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.americaspace.com/2013/01/06/opinion-cautious-optimism-required-for-commercial-space-in-2013/|title = Opinion: Cautious Optimism Required for Commercial Space in 2013|date = 6 January 2013}}</ref><!--This reference has the editor of americaspace.com website Jason Rhian saying that t/space was out of business by beginning of 2013. This is not a very good reference, as the thing being verified is backed up by only a comment. Better reference as to what happened to t/space would be much appreciated-->
==People==
The company's CEO is [[Charles Duelfer]] who ran the search for weapons of mass destruction in Iraq and the President is [[David Gump]] of [[LunaCorp]].{{when|date=January 2013}} Lon Levin, a co-founder of XM Satellite Radio, is the Chief Strategy Officer;  [[James S. Voss|Jim Voss]], a five-time astronaut and member of Expedition Two to the ISS, is Vice President of Space Exploration Technology; and Bretton Alexander, a former White House aide who helped draft the plan to explore the Moon and Mars, is Vice President of Corporate and External Affairs.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}
== CXV proposal ==
t/Space was working on designs{{when|date=January 2013}} for an [[air launch|air-launched]] passenger-carrying [[space capsule|capsule]] termed the Crew Transfer Vehicle, or CXV. In contrast to the Space Shuttle and other companies' [[Crew Exploration Vehicle|CEV]] proposals, this craft would be specialized for transferring astronauts to and from low Earth orbit along with modest amounts of cargo on the same flights. The capsule would be launched on an upscaled version of [[AirLaunch LLC|AirLaunch's]] QuickReach rocket under development for [[DARPA]]'s [[FALCON (DARPA)|FALCON]] program. This rocket would be dropped from the bottom of a custom-designed [[Scaled Composites]] aircraft, or a modified [[Boeing 747]], with landing gear modifications to accommodate the rocket. The return capsule uses a design similar to that of the [[Corona (satellite)|Corona]] spy satellites. The capsule structure would be built by Scaled Composites.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}
Under their plan, the CXV would have been capable of docking with the [[International Space Station]], a [[Bigelow Commercial Space Station|commercial habitat]] such as those being developed by [[Bigelow Aerospace]], or a CEV specialized for Earth-Moon transit.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}
== VSE proposal ==
[[Image:Tspace canister.jpg|thumb|t/Space's proposal for using cargo canisters as lunar habitats]]
t/Space's proposed architecture for the [[Vision for Space Exploration]] emphasized market-based competition, with initial government funding intended to spawn a self-sustaining commercial infrastructure. In their proposal, NASA would have acted as a general goal-setter and consumer, t/Space would have developed an open overall architecture, and other companies would have competed to construct components of that architecture.
As of their December 2004 midterm architecture briefing to NASA, their proposed transportation architecture included three types of elements: Spiral 1 (Earth-to-orbit), Spiral 2 (Earth-to-Moon), and launch elements. In general, their plan for a lunar expedition involved the use of a flotilla of small, simple, and inexpensive vehicles, rather than a single elaborate vehicle.
=== Spiral 1 (Earth-to-orbit) ===
Initially this would have consisted only of an S1 CXV, a small craft designed to transport a crew of up to six between the Earth's surface and [[low Earth orbit]].
In preparation for a lunar mission a series of S1 Tankers would have been designed and launched, to transport propellant to orbit.
=== Spiral 2 (Earth-to-Moon) ===
The S2 CEV was designed to transport up to six crew between [[low Earth orbit]] and the [[Moon]]. These vehicles would have been launched uncrewed, with crew being launched on an S1 CXV and transferring in-orbit to the larger craft via docking. For each S2 CEV, eight S1 Tanker flights were needed to supply fuel in orbit. After a mission the S2 CEV wouldn't have reentered the atmosphere, but would have instead transferred crew back to an S1 CXV.
The S2 Tanker was designed to supply fuel to S2 CEVs en route to the Moon. Filling an individual S2 Tanker would have required sixteen S1 Tanker flights.
The plan for a lunar mission involved two S2 CEVs departing from Earth orbit with crews of 2-3 (half the maximum) and large amounts of cargo (much of which was to be deposited at the Moon). The S2 CEVs were refueled en route by the S2 Tankers. If one of the S2 CEVs were damaged, the crew from both vehicles could empty excess cargo from the remaining vehicle and use a single S2 CEV to return to Earth orbit. If both vehicles were operational, additional lunar samples may have been returned.
=== Launch elements ===
The architecture was intended to be modular, with Spiral 1 and 2 elements to be launched on commercially produced rockets. The company was outlining a couple of options: an airplane-launched rocket system to be developed by Scaled Composites and AirLaunch LLC, and ground launch systems developed by companies such as SpaceX and [[Kistler Aerospace]].
== Gallery ==
<gallery heights="250px">
Image:Tspace spiral1 final.png|Spiral 1 elements
Image:Tspace spiral2 final.png|Spiral 2 elements
Image:Tspace launchelements final.png|Launch elements
</gallery>
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040908181746/http://www.transformspace.com/ t/Space website]
* [http://exploration.nasa.gov/documents/reports/cer_final/tSpace.pdf Final architecture briefing to NASA - 2 Mar 2005]
* [http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/65852main_tSpace.pdf Initial concept presentation - 13 Sep 2004]
* [http://www.nasa.gov/missions/solarsystem/vision_concepts.html NASA page on preliminary VSE concept studies - last updated 22 Nov 2007, accessed 2008-07-03]
* [http://www.space.com/spacenews/businessmonday_050509.html t/Space Offers an Option for Closing Shuttle, CEV Gap] (Space.com, May 9, 2005)
* [http://www.washtimes.com/upi-breaking/20050510-093535-1161r.htm Space Race 2: Son of Shuttle] (Washington Times, May 10, 2005)
* [https://www.wired.com/news/space/0,2697,68528,00.html?tw=wn_tophead_1 NASA Launches Startups for Ships] (Wired, August 18, 2005)
* [http://chairforceengineer.blogspot.com/2006/02/transform-space.html Analysis of t/Space's proposal] (Chair Force Engineer, February 9, 2006)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ukz5rYnqwWU Video animation of the carrier aircraft (VLA), booster (QuickReach 2), and crew vehicle (CXV) concept of operations]
{{Space tourism}}
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[[Category:Commercial spaceflight]]
[[Category:Private spaceflight companies]]
[[Category:Proposed spacecraft]]
[[Category:Aerospace companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Companies based in Reston, Virginia]]
[[Category:Technology companies established in 2004]]
[[Category:Defunct spaceflight companies]]