View source for Taharoa

{{short description|Settlement in Waikato, New Zealand}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available-->
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->| name                            = Taharoa <!-- at least one of the first two fields must be filled in -->
| settlement_type                 = Village <!-- e.g. Town, Village, City, etc.-->
| image_skyline                   = Taharoa ironsand symbol.jpg
| imagesize                       =
| image_caption                   = The plaque below the symbol reads - The Prime Minister, the Rt Hon. N E Kirk, unveiled this symbol of co-operation between New Zealand Steel Limited and the Maori people of Taharoa to mark the official opening of the Taharoa ironsands operation on 24 November 1973.
| motto                           =
| image_map                       = {{Infobox mapframe|coord={{coord|38|09|03|S|174|44|01|E}}|zoom=9}}
| mapsize                         =
| map_caption                     =
| coordinates                     = {{coord|38|09|03|S|174|44|01|E|region:NZ|display=inline,title}}
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name                = [[New Zealand]]
| subdivision_type1               = Region
| subdivision_type2               = District
| subdivision_name1               = [[Waikato]] region
| subdivision_name2               = [[Waitomo District]]
| subdivision_type3               = Ward
| subdivision_name3               = Waitomo Rural Ward
| leader_title                    = Territorial Authority
| leader_name                     = [[Waitomo District Council]]
| leader_title1                   = Regional council
| leader_name1                    = [[Waikato Regional Council]]
| seat_type                       = [[New Zealand electorates|Electorates]]
| seat                            = {{ubl|[[Taranaki-King Country]]|[[Te Tai Hauāuru]] ([[Māori electorates|Māori]])}}
| total_type                      = Territorial <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| elevation_m                     = 50
| area_footnotes                  = <ref name="Area"/>
| area_total_km2                  = 2.56
| population_footnotes            = {{NZ population data 2018||||y}}
| population_as_of                = {{NZ population data 2018|||y}}
| population_total                = {{NZ population data 2018|Taharoa|y}}
| population_density_km2          = auto
| postal_code_type                = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code                     =
| area_code                       =
| website                         =
| timezone                        = [[Time in New Zealand|NZST]]
| utc_offset                      = +12
| timezone_DST                    = NZDT
| utc_offset_DST                  = +13
| coor_type                       =
}}
'''Taharoa''' ({{langx|mi|Tahaaroa}} or {{lang|mi|Tahāroa}}) is a small village on the west coast of the [[North Island]] of [[New Zealand]], to the southwest of [[Kawhia Harbour]] and overlooking Lake Taharoa.<ref name="hariss">{{cite web |last1=Hariss |first1=Gavin |title=Taharoa, Waikato |url=https://www.topomap.co.nz/NZTopoMap/nz52973/Taharoa/ |website=topomap.co.nz |publisher=NZ Topo Map}}</ref>
The New Zealand [[Ministry for Culture and Heritage]] gives a translation of "long coast" for {{lang|mi|Tahāroa}} however traditional histories state that the extended name is “Te Tahaaroa a Ruaputahanga” or the “long calabash of Ruaputahanga”.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/maori-language-week/1000-maori-place-names|title=1000 Māori place names|publisher=New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage|date=6 August 2019}}</ref>
==History and culture==
It was at times the temporary home of the great [[Te Rauparaha]] used mainly as a battle ground on the vast expanses of sand dunes evident by the number of finds over the years, by 1822 they were being forced out of their land by stronger northern tribes. Te Rauparaha then began a fighting retreat or migration southwards, one which ended with them controlling a small part of the North Island and particularly Kapiti Island, which became the tribal stronghold.<ref name="pollockk">{{cite web |last1=Pollock |first1=Kerryn |title=King Country places - West coast |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/king-country-places/page-1 |website=[[Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |publisher=[[Ministry for Culture and Heritage]]}}</ref>
===Marae===
Taharoa has two [[marae]]: Āruka Marae and Tahaaroa meeting house, and Te Kōraha Marae and Te Ōhākī meeting house.<ref name="maorimaps">{{cite web |title=Māori Maps |url=https://maorimaps.com/map |website=maorimaps.com |publisher=Te Potiki National Trust}}</ref> Both are affiliated with the [[Waikato Tainui]] hapū of Ngāti Mahuta ki te Hauāuru and Ngāti Rangitaka.
== Iron sand mining ==
The main industrial activity is iron [[sand mining]], run by [[New Zealand Steel]], which began in 1972 was exporting about {{convert|1.4|Mt|short ton|abbr=on}} a year, mainly to Japan, with small quantities to South Korea and China.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nzpam.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/doing-business/mineral-potential/iron.pdf|title=Mineral Commodity Report 15 — Iron|last=Tony Christie and Bob Brathwaite|website=MBIE}}</ref> A 1993 study put reserves at 205 Mt of high concentrate and 360 Mt of lower grade sand.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ref.coastalrestorationtrust.org.nz/site/assets/files/4241/geophysical_study_of_the_taharoa_ironsand_deposit_west_coast_north_island_new_zealand.pdf|title=Geophysical study of the Taharoa ironsand deposit, west coast, North Island, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics|last=Donald C. Lawton & Manfred P. Hochstein|date=1993}}</ref> An $80m investment in 2014 boosted potential exports to 4 Mt a year.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://quarryingandminingmag.co.nz/q-m/mining/ironsands/|title=Huge ironsands expansion|date=2014-11-11|work=Quarrying & Mining Magazine|access-date=2018-01-29|language=en-US}}</ref>
In 2000 mining moved {{convert|2|km||abbr=on}} north, after the southern area was worked out. The roadway used for the move is now an airstrip.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.engineeringnz.org/our-work/heritage/heritage-records/taharoa-ironsand-mining-and-ship-loading/|title=Taharoa ironsand mining and ship loading|website=www.engineeringnz.org|language=en|access-date=2018-01-29}}</ref> Sand from the lake is dug by a 250 tonne [[Dredging#Cutter-suction|cutter suction dredge]], a 450 tonne floating [[Trommel screen]] removes particles larger than {{convert|2.5|mm||abbr=on}}, a 1,000 tonne [[Froth flotation|floating concentrator]] removes lighter material and the denser sand is [[Magnetic separation|magnetically separated]].<ref name=":2" />
1,375 tonnes an hour of sand<ref name=":2" /> was piped {{convert|2.5|km||abbr=on}}<ref name=":0" /> to an offshore [[Single buoy mooring|mono-buoy]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzmaritimeindex.org.nz/izvessel.php?ID=52030096&name=TAHAROA&db=&dm=&ds=&dh=&gsn=&owner=&num=&sh=&st=&sd=&svv=&typ=&tid=0&tix=0&tot=7&wds=&pix=0&sourceid=&refid=&hit=3|title=TAHAROA EXPRESS experienced a complete loss of engine power|website=www.nzmaritimeindex.org.nz|access-date=2018-01-28}}</ref> which was extended a further 500m in 2012,<ref name=":1" /> replaced in 2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/photo.php?lid=2604455|title=TAHAROA BUOY - ShipSpotting.com - Ship Photos and Ship Tracker|website=www.shipspotting.com|access-date=2018-01-28}}</ref> and is {{convert|17|m||abbr=on}} wide and weighs 250 tons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/taranaki-daily-news/news/86941795/heavy-lift-made-its-way-from-waiwhakaiho-to-port-taranaki|title=Heavy lift made its way from Waiwhakaiho to Port Taranaki|website=Stuff|language=en|access-date=2018-01-28}}</ref> The previous buoy was {{convert|11|m||abbr=on}} wide and weighed 185 tons.<ref name=":2" /> The three [[Bulk carrier#Categories|bulk carriers]] used to transport the sand, Taharoa Destiny, Taharoa Providence and Taharoa Eos,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/nelson-mail/news/91519105/taharoa-vessels-destiny-and-providence-taking-their-time-in-tasman-bay|title=Taharoa vessels Destiny and Providence taking their time in Tasman Bay|date=13 April 2017|first=Tim|last=O'Connell|website=Stuff|language=en|access-date=1 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/order-paper-questions/written-questions/document/QWA_14695_2015/14695-2015-clayton-mitchell-to-the-minister-of-transport|title=Clayton Mitchell to the Minister of Transport|date=2015|work=NZ Parliament List of Written questions|access-date=2018-01-28|language=en}}</ref> require a [[Maritime pilot|pilot]] to berth at the buoy<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/|title=294m ship berth shocks marine officers|date=2014-12-12|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=2018-01-28|language=en-NZ|issn=1170-0777}}</ref> and also a support boat to move ropes and pipes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ipenzproduction.blob.core.windows.net/cms-library/docs/default-source/news-publication/heritage/new_zealand_engineering_vol29_5_may_1974.pdf?sfvrsn=2|title=Symposium on Taharoa ironsands project|first=John |last=Ingram |display-authors=etal |date=May 1974|website=New Zealand Engineering}}</ref>
The mine employs about 150 workers,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/better-business/94095123/jobs-go-as-part-of-taharoa-iron-sands-mine-is-shut-down|title=Jobs go as part of Taharoa iron sands mine is shut down|website=Stuff|language=en|access-date=2018-01-28}}</ref> though only 108 were recorded as working in the whole Taharoa area in the 2013 census.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.stats.govt.nz/datavisualisation/commuterview/index.html?url=/datavisualisation/commuterview/index.html#|title=SNZ Commuter View|website=archive.stats.govt.nz|access-date=2018-01-29}}</ref> To house its workers, NZ Steel built 65 houses, a hall, [[Māori language revival#Kōhanga reo|Kōhanga Reo]], school, shop, and fire and ambulance facilities in the village.<ref name=":2" />
== Demographics ==
Statistics New Zealand describes Taharoa as a rural settlement, which covers {{Convert|2.56|km2||abbr=on}}<ref name="Area">{{Cite web|title=ArcGIS Web Application |url=https://statsnz.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=6f49867abe464f86ac7526552fe19787| access-date=6 November 2022 |website=statsnz.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> and had an estimated population of {{NZ population data 2018|Taharoa|y}} as of {{NZ population data 2018|||y|y||,}} with a population density of {{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Taharoa|y}}|R}}/2.56|0}} people per km<sup>2</sup>. The settlement is part of the larger Herangi statistical area.
{{Historical populations |2006 |165 |2013 |180 |2018 |171 |percentages=pagr |align=left |title=Historical population for Taharoa|source=<ref name="Census 2018"/>}}
Taharoa had a population of 171 at the [[2018 New Zealand census]], a decrease of 9 people (−5.0%) since the [[2013 New Zealand census|2013 census]], and an increase of 6 people (3.6%) since the [[2006 New Zealand census|2006 census]]. There were 51 households, comprising 87 males and 84 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.04 males per female. The median age was 31.5 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 45 people (26.3%) aged under 15 years, 36 (21.1%) aged 15 to 29, 81 (47.4%) aged 30 to 64, and 6 (3.5%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 15.8% European/[[Pākehā]], 94.7% [[Māori people|Māori]], and 3.5% [[Pasifika New Zealanders|Pacific peoples]]. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 49.1% had no religion, 29.8% were [[Christianity in New Zealand|Christian]], and 7.0% had [[Religion of Māori people|Māori religious beliefs]].
Of those at least 15 years old, 6 (4.8%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 30 (23.8%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $38,700, compared with $31,800 nationally. 45 people (35.7%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 60 (47.6%) people were employed full-time, 24 (19.0%) were part-time, and 3 (2.4%) were unemployed.<ref name="Census 2018">{{NZ census 2018|7013198}}</ref>
===Herangi statistical area===
Herangi statistical area, which also includes [[Te Anga]], [[Mahoenui]], [[Marokopa]], [[Mokau]] and [[Awakino]], covers {{Convert|1,668.25|km2||abbr=on}}<ref name="Area"/> and had an estimated population of {{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Herangi|y}} as of {{NZ population data 2023 SA2|||y|y||,}} with a population density of {{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Herangi|y}}|R}}/1668.25|2}} people per km<sup>2</sup>.
{{Historical populations |2006 |1,179 |2013 |1,056 |2018 |990 |percentages=pagr |align=left |title=Historical population for Herangi |source=<ref name="Census 2018 H"/>}}
Herangi had a population of 990 at the [[2018 New Zealand census]], a decrease of 66 people (−6.2%) since the [[2013 New Zealand census|2013 census]], and a decrease of 189 people (−16.0%) since the [[2006 New Zealand census|2006 census]]. There were 402 households, comprising 513 males and 477 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.08 males per female. The median age was 44.1 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 198 people (20.0%) aged under 15 years, 141 (14.2%) aged 15 to 29, 486 (49.1%) aged 30 to 64, and 165 (16.7%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 73.6% European/[[Pākehā]], 38.2% [[Māori people|Māori]], 1.5% [[Pasifika New Zealanders|Pacific peoples]], 0.6% [[Asian New Zealanders|Asian]], and 0.6% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 7.0, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 54.8% had no religion, 33.0% were [[Christianity in New Zealand|Christian]], 1.8% had [[Religion of Māori people|Māori religious beliefs]] and 0.0% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 78 (9.8%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 204 (25.8%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $29,800, compared with $31,800 nationally. 114 people (14.4%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 402 (50.8%) people were employed full-time, 150 (18.9%) were part-time, and 9 (1.1%) were unemployed.<ref name="Census 2018 H">{{NZ census 2018|Herangi (187000)|herangi|Herangi}}</ref>
==Education==
Kinohaku School is a co-educational state primary school,<ref name="moe">{{TKI|1778|Kinohaku School}}</ref> with a roll of {{NZ school roll data|1778|y}} as of {{NZ school roll data|||y|y||.}}<ref name="ero">{{cite web |title=Education Review Office Report |url=http://www.ero.govt.nz/report-view?id=1778 |website=ero.govt.nz |publisher=[[Education Review Office]]}}</ref>
Te Kura o Tahaaroa is a co-educational state [[Kura Kaupapa Māori|Māori immersion school]],<ref name="moe2">{{TKI|1971|Te Kura o Tahaaroa}}</ref> with a roll of {{NZ school roll data|1971|y}}.<ref name="ero2">{{cite web |title=Education Review Office Report |url=http://www.ero.govt.nz/report-view?id=1971 |website=ero.govt.nz |publisher=[[Education Review Office]]}}</ref>
==Climate==
{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Port Taharoa (1991–2020)
|Jan high C = 	22.8
|Feb high C = 	23.5
|Mar high C = 	22.2
|Apr high C = 	19.9
|May high C = 	17.5
|Jun high C = 	15.2
|Jul high C = 	14.4
|Aug high C = 	14.7
|Sep high C = 	15.9
|Oct high C = 	17.1
|Nov high C = 	18.7
|Dec high C = 	20.9
| year high C =
|Jan mean C = 	19.1
|Feb mean C = 	19.7
|Mar mean C = 	18.4
|Apr mean C = 	16.4
|May mean C = 	14.3
|Jun mean C = 	12.1
|Jul mean C = 	11.2
|Aug mean C = 	11.5
|Sep mean C = 	12.7
|Oct mean C = 	14.0
|Nov mean C = 	15.4
|Dec mean C = 	17.6
| year mean C =
|Jan low C = 	15.4
|Feb low C = 	16.0
|Mar low C = 	14.5
|Apr low C = 	12.8
|May low C = 	11.0
|Jun low C = 	9.0
|Jul low C = 	7.9
|Aug low C = 	8.3
|Sep low C = 	9.5
|Oct low C = 	11.0
|Nov low C = 	12.1
|Dec low C = 	14.3
| year low C =
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 	64.4
|Feb rain mm = 	56.6
|Mar rain mm = 	68.1
|Apr rain mm = 	84.1
|May rain mm = 	132.2
|Jun rain mm = 	145.4
|Jul rain mm = 	137.2
|Aug rain mm = 	134.1
|Sep rain mm = 	109.1
|Oct rain mm = 	85.0
|Nov rain mm = 	88.9
|Dec rain mm = 	124.1
|year rain mm =
|source 1 = NIWA<ref name= NIWA>
{{cite web
|url = http://cliflo.niwa.co.nz
|title = CliFlo – National Climate Database : Port Taharoa Aws
|publisher = NIWA
|access-date = 20 May 2024}}</ref>
}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.topomap.co.nz/NZTopoMap/nz52973/Taharoa/Waikato 1:50,000 map]
* [http://www.mapspast.org.nz/?zoom=14&x=1752777&y=5775887&layerid=NZMS1%201959 1953 one inch map]
* [http://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE3755361 1934 map]
* [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Taharoa+3988/@-38.1513399,174.7376535,3a,60y,347.24h,74.7t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1s9pWqh4wi-Ts5tJb7J7TTwA!2e0!7i13312!8i6656!4m5!3m4!1s0x6d133828dae04a63:0x500ef6143a30710!8m2!3d-38.1507329!4d174.738752?hl=en-US Google Street View of Taharoa village]
===Photos===
* [http://www.marinetraffic.com/en/photos/of/ships/shipid:893015/#forward Taharoa Express at mooring buoy]
* [https://teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/5521/mining-ironsands-taharoa Ironsand mine]
* [http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?BU=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aucklandcity.govt.nz%2Fdbtw-wpd%2FHeritageImages%2Findex.htm&AC=QBE_QUERY&TN=heritageimages&QF0=ID&NP=2&MR=5&RF=HIORecordSearch&QI0=%3D%22AWNS-19380706-53-5%22 1938 aerial views of lake and village]
* [http://retrolens.nz/map/#/1754240.86699104/5773528.591747901/1754618.2748180826/5773812.543364608/2193/14 aerial views 1944-1983]
* [http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?BU=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aucklandcity.govt.nz%2Fdbtw-wpd%2FHeritageImages%2Findex.htm&AC=QBE_QUERY&TN=heritageimages&QF0=ID&NP=2&MR=5&RF=HIORecordSearch&QI0=%3D%22AWNS-19060607-6-2%22 1906 children]
{{Waitomo District}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Waitomo District]]
[[Category:Populated places in Waikato]]