View source for Takashi Uemura (academic)

{{Short description|Japanese academic and former journalist}}
{{Other uses|Takashi Uemura (footballer)}}
{{POV|date=April 2015}}
'''Takashi Uemura''' (植村 隆, Uemura Takashi) is a Japanese academic and former journalist who, while a reporter for ''[[The Asahi Shimbun]]'', wrote about [[comfort women]]. He later came under scrutiny for alleged inaccuracy of terminology and omissions of information. Rival newspapers attacked him for twisting the truth, and more far-right figures went so far as to accuse him of fabrication.
His mother-in-law is [[Yang Sun-Im]], a Korean activist who heads the [[Association for the Pacific War Victims]] and plaintiff groups for lawsuits by former comfort women.<ref>{{cite web |title=Unraveling the 'comfort women' issue — Asahi under probe — Asahi, South Korean media shared sympathy |date=November 30, 2014 |publisher=The Japan News |url=http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0001644527}}</ref> Yang was charged with fraudulently misleading donors to her organization, but has been acquitted, according to Uemura.<ref name=HANKYOREH20141221/>
== Kim Hak-sun, story of a comfort woman ==
{{More|Kim Hak-sun}}
Uemura ran a story dated August 11, 1991 in the ''[[The Asahi Shimbun|Asahi]]'' newspaper, which profiled a former [[comfort woman]] based on a tape-recorded testimony.<ref name="SANKEI20150803"/><ref name=uemura-japanfocus2015012/> The identity of the woman was withheld from Uemura at the time, but later it transpired that she was [[Kim Hak-sun]]<!-- also styled Kim Hak-soon-->.<ref name="SANKEI20150803"/> Kim disclosed her identity in a [[press conference]] she held 3 days after this article.<ref name="SANKEI20150803"/>
The precise wording in Uemura's article was as follows: "she was taken away under the name of the 'women volunteer corps'" and was a "Korean comfort woman serving the army.{{Efn|In Japanese: 「女子挺身隊」の名で戦場に連行され、日本軍人相手に売春行為を強いられた「朝鮮人従軍慰安婦」}}<ref name="SANKEI20150803"/>
Uemura followed up with another article on December 25, 1991, based on the interview of Kim Hak-sun conducted by Japanese lawyers.<ref name="JT20150429"/><ref name=uemura-japanfocus2015012/>
==Controversy==
By 2014, Uemura had retired from the newspaper and was seeking university teaching positions. The articles Uemura had written in the 1990s about the comfort women came under fire,<ref name="NYT20141202"/> criticized for the choice of language as well as suppression of certain crucial information.<ref name=ASAHI20141223/>
In 2014 ''Asahi'' retracted certain comfort women-related stories dating to the 1990s which were based on [[Seiji Yoshida]]'s discredited testimony. There had been a pall of suspicion hanging over the veracity of Seiji's alleged accounts since soon after its publication.{{Efn|Yoshida claimed he was engaged by the army to round up residents in [[Jeju Island]] to be forcibly recruited as comfort women.}} As a collateral fallout of these retractions, Uemura, whose articles were also subjected to certain critiques aforementioned, got labeled  as "fabricator of the comfort women" by "Right-wing [[Tabloid journalism|tabloids]]", even though Uemura was not the writer of these pieces based on Yoshida's hoax.<!--"even though his article was not among those that The Asahi retracted"--><ref name="NYT20141202"/><ref name=ASAHI20141223/>{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|Asahi subjected 16 Yoshida-related pieces to retraction (''torikeshi'') on the "Verification" (''kenshō'') article dated August 5, 2014, and added 2 more partial/entire retraction in the "Corrections" article in December.<ref name=ASAHI20141223/>}}{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|The ''Asahi'' initially disclosed that the writer to break the Yoshida stories was certain ex-journalist of the Osaka Social Affairs Department age 66 as of August,<ref name=ASAHI20140805-jeju/> or age 67 as of September 2, 2014,<ref name=ASAHI20141223/> who confessed to believing Yoshida's story entirely.<ref name=ASAHI20140805-jeju/> Then a different ex-journalist aged 66 later came forward to the 3rd party committee saying he may have possibly been the one to write the first article, but his memory was fuzzy.<ref name=ASAHI20141223/> Thus the identity of the writer became inconclusive, as of December.<ref name=ASAHI20141223/> Uemura was only age 56 as of 2014.<ref name=HANKYOREH20141221/><ref name=ASAHI20141223/> Uemura was aged 56 as of 2014.<ref name=HANKYOREH20141221/>}}{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|Uemura has stated on record he did listen to Yoshida talk for 3, 4 hours on one occasion, but the story of about Jeju Island, at the core [of the controversy], did not emerge, and what he wrote afterwards thereon was insubstantial.<ref name="SANKEI20140523"/>}} Uemura has insisted he did not write any stories based on the Yoshida testimony.<ref name=HANKYOREH20141221/>
While Uemura's articles were not outright retracted, Uemura's reporting on the comfort women were criticized and subjected to [[corrigenda]] in Asahi's "Corrections" article. Specifically, his phraseology that the "comfort women" were recruited "nominally as women volunteer corps", and secondly, for omitting the Korean victim [[Kim Hak-sun]]'s background that she had been a [[kisaeng]] ([[courtesan]]) in-training prior to being dispatched as a comfort woman in China.<ref name=ASAHI20141223/>
This "Corrections" piece was issued in the form of a "Third-party Committee Report".<!--headed by a jurist　中込秀樹 with critic/ex-diplomat 岡本行夫、critic/journalist 田原総一朗、politics/history prof 北岡伸一--><ref name=ASAHI20141223/>
=== Malapropism allegations ===
<!--DO NOT try to capitalize or de-capitalize one or the other (Joshi Teishin-tai vs. "women volunteer corps"). These represent different POV and directly taken from respective sources (JT, Asahi). See following Refn note.-->
Rival papers such as the ''[[Sankei Shimbun|Sankei]]'' and ''[[Yomiuri Shimbun|Yomiuri]]'' have attacked the Uemura's use of the term {{nihongo|"women volunteer corps"|[[:ja:女子挺身隊|女子挺身隊]]|Joshi Teishin-tai}} to mean "comfort women",{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|A ''Japan Times'' article thus capitalizes it as "Joshi Teishin-tai" indicating a proper name.<ref name="JT20150429"/> An Asahi articles calls it a phrase meaning "women volunteer corps".<ref name=ASAHI20150110/>}}<ref name="SANKEI20140523"/> and similar usage of "volunteer corps" (''teishin-tai'') in an ''Asahi'' newspaper [[glossary]] piece.<ref name="YOMIURI20130514"/> The ''Sankei'' newspaper has accused Uemura of "distortions of facts"<!--jijitsu wo nejimage---> in using such terminology,<ref name="SANKEI20140523"/> even though the ''Asahi''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s "Corrections" piece, the Third-party committee concluded there was no "distortion" here on Uemura's part.<!--第三者委 元記者の「事実ねじ曲げ」否定 moto kisha no jijitsu nejimage hitei--><ref name=ASAHI20141223/>
The thrust of the criticism here is that the term ''Joshi Teishin-tai'' "women volunteer corps" was an entity clearly distinguishable from comfort women.{{Efn|A point echoed by a former Asahi correspondent (Keiji Maekawa<!--前川惠司-->).<ref name="SANKEI20140523"/>}}<ref name="SANKEI20140523"/> The "women volunteer corps" has been described as a body akin to "[[Rosie the Riveter]]" in the U.S.<ref>{{citation|author=Eiji Kyotani<!--京谷 栄二--> |title="Rosie the riveter" and "Joshi-Teishintai": on comparison of the mobilization of women workers in the Pacific War era between the USA and Japan |script-title=ja:リベット工のロージーと女子挺身隊--女子労働力戦時動員にかんする日米比較試論 |journal=Nagano University Bulletin<!--長野大学紀要-->|volume=29 |number=2 |year=2007 |url=https://ci.nii.ac.jp/lognavi?name=ir&lang=ja&type=pdf&id=http%3A%2F%2Fid.nii.ac.jp%2F1025%2F00000095%2F&naid=110007028104 |pages=127–145}}</ref> Critics say that these comfort women were never recruited "as a" volunteer corps in fact,<ref name="JT20150429"/> or even by name.<ref name=allen/>
However, the instance of the term "volunteers" (''teishin-tai'') being used to refer to "comfort women" is hardly unique to the ''Asahi''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s or Uemura's articles dating to 1991–1992. There are multiple instances where the term has been used in the sense of "comfort women" in Korea, including a 1973 book, a 1946 newspaper article, and a name of two support organization for Korean comfort women.<ref name="ASAHI20140805"/><ref name=HANKYOREH20141221/><ref name=soh2000/>
As a matter of fact, the tape recording of the comfort woman (who turned out to be Kim Hak-sun) which Uemura used for his article had been provided him by the support group that refers to the comfort women as "volunteer corps". While its official English name is [[The Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan]], its native Korean name is ''Hanguk Jeongsindae Munje Daechaek Hyeobuihoe''{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|''Jeongsindae'' is also transliterated as ''Chongsindae'' ([[McCune-Reischauer]] romainzation) used by e.g. American scholar [[Chunghee Sarah Soh]]. Soh states that ''Jungshindae'' is another alternate spelling.<ref>{{harvp|Soh|2000}}, p -68, note 8.</ref>}} which transliterates into Japanese as ''Kankoku Teishintai Mondai Taisaku Kyogikai'' and literally means "The Korean Council to Address the Issue of the Volunteer Corps". The fact that Uemura obtained access to hear the tape from this organization is plainly stated in his August 11 article.<ref name=uemura-japanfocus2015012/>
When questioned in 2015, Uemura stated he could not ascertain if the term Joshi Teishin-tai ("women volunteer corps") actually appeared in the tape of Kim Hak-sun's testimony he listened to, since he did not retain a copy of the tape,<ref name=uemura-japanfocus2015012/> leaving possibility the open that Kim did not use the term in the tape.<!--The tape was produced as evidence in Oct 2019 (see below). Probably Joshi Teishi-tai or even teishin-tai was not in the tape, although Uemura's support group blog isn't forthcoming on this.--> As Uemura has pointed out,<ref name=uemura-japanfocus2015012/> Kim Hak-sun was subsequently quoted as saying "I belonged to the volunteer corps" in such Korean Newspapers as the ''[[Joongang Ilbo]]''.<ref name=jonngang10010815/> but Kim was also being introduced to the world at large as someone who was conducted away under the pretext of "volunteer corps" by Professor {{illm|Yun Chung-ok|ko|윤정옥}}<!--尹貞玉--> who headed the support organization,{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|And the ''Sankei'' newspaper which attacked Uemura for the use of the terminology admitted it too has used the terminology in print based on Yun's lectures.<ref name="SANKEI20150804"/>}}<ref name="SANKEI20150804"/> and <ref name="SANKEI20150804"/> Yun was the intermediary who spoke to Uemura and provided access to the tape,<ref name=uemura-japanfocus2015012/> and additionally, Yun recounted her own experience where she withdrew from college because her parents feared she could be coerced into joining the "women's volunteer corps".<ref name="SANKEI20150804"/> There was admittedly a popular notion that the "volunteer corps" was linked with the Japanese government implementing forced deployment of Korean women as sex workers, but this was strictly a rumor according to critics of the  "paradigm" that the comfort women were forced, and if the brothel positions were being lied to as factory jobs, such misrepresentations were only undertaken by Korean human traffickers rather than the Japanese "colonial authorities" according to these critics.<ref name=allen/>
=== Alleged suppression of Kim's kisaeng background ===
Three days after Uemura's article, [[Kim Hak-sun]] held her press conference August 14, 1991 attended by ''The [[Hokkaido Shimbun]]'' and Korean media where she revealed she attended a kisaeng school for three years, starting at the age of 14.<ref name=ASAHI20140805-kisaeng/> Subsequently on August 15, the Korean newspaper ''[[The Hankyoreh]]'' wrote a piece revealing that Kim "was sold to a [[kisaeng]] school (''[[gwonbeon]]''; {{langx|ja|{{nihongo||検番|kenban}}}}){{Efn|Sometimes styled ''kwonbon'' and glossed as a "guild"; In Japanese also written as 券番 or 巻番。}}  in Pyongyang at the age of 14 by her mother, and taken away (some years later) by her ''gwonbeon'' foster-father.<!--「母親によって１４歳の時に平壌のキーセン（妓生）の検番に売られ、検番の養父に連れられていった」--><ref name="SANKEI20150803"/>
Ms. Kim, who finished her three-year training, thought it was her first job and was taken by her foster-father in front of a unit with over 300 Japanese troops in North China".{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}
It was alleged by Professor [[Tsutomu Nishioka]] in articles written by the reporter for the ''[[Shūkan Bunshun]]'' weekly tabloid that Uemura must have been privy to the information about Kim's ''kisaeng'' background but had deliberately suppressed it.<ref name=ASAHI20150110/> In 2014, Uemura stated that he had not heard her mention the kisaeng school background in the tape,<ref name=ASAHI20140805-kisaeng/> and in October 2019, the tape was produced as evidence to the [[Tokyo District Court]], revealing that the word ''kisaeng'' went unmentioned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sasaerukai.blogspot.com/2019/10/blog-post_20.html |title=Ketteiteki na shin-shōko teishutsu |script-title=ja:決定的な新証拠提出 |publisher=植村裁判を支える市民の会 |date=October 29, 2019|access-date=November 10, 2019}}</ref>
=== Pressures and threats of harm ===
Uemura left the ''Asahi Shimbun'' in March 2014, to pursue a second career as university lecturer.<ref name="SANKEI20140523"/> When the anti-Asahi bashing started faulting them for the comfort women coverage, Uemura became the target alongside. [[Hokusei Gakuen University]] in Sapporo, in northern Japan, where he lectures, has come under pressure to fire him. The college was bombarded by anonymous letters demanding his removal.<ref name="NYT20141202"/><ref name="JT20141006"/> "Many Japanese-language users of social media such as Twitter and Facebook have joined in the drubbing of the Asahi, accusing it of “damaging” Japan’s reputation", according to ''[[The Japan Times]]''.<ref name="JT20141006"/> This conduct has escalated into [[blackmail]] in the case of  extremists among [[social media]] users.<ref name="JT20141006"/> There has even been a bomb threat on this Hokkaido campus,<ref name="JT20141006"/> blamed on  [[Japanese nationalism|ultra-nationalists]];<ref name="NYT20141202"/> There has also been a call to drive Uemura's teenage daughter into suicide, which also has been attributed to the ultra-right.<ref name="NYT20141202"/>
=== Libel suits ===
In articles which ran in the weekly news magazine ''[[Shūkan Bunshun]]''<!--written by Takenaka--> condemning Uemura, Professor [[Tsutomu Nishioka]] who was one of the sources, accused Uemura of engaging in willful "fabrication".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://shukan.bunshun.jp/articles/-/4261 |title=慰安婦火付け役 朝日新聞記者はお嬢様女子大クビで北の大地へ &#124; 特集 - 週刊文春Web |access-date=2014-12-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006075819/http://shukan.bunshun.jp/articles/-/4261 |archive-date=2014-10-06 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://agora-web.jp/archives/1478590.html|title = 慰安婦について調査委員会を設置せよ|date = 8 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://shukan.bunshun.jp/articles/-/3596|title = 怒りの総力特集 韓国の「暗部」を撃て！ 2014年2月6日号 &#124; 週刊文春}}</ref> Uemura has since initiated legal proceedings over the public accusation against its publisher, the [[Bungeishunjū]] publishing company.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/japan-ex-reporter-files-lawsuit-over-comfort-women-055457915.html |title=Japanese publisher sued after disputing WWII sex slave story - Yahoo News |website=news.yahoo.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110162504/http://news.yahoo.com/japan-ex-reporter-files-lawsuit-over-comfort-women-055457915.html |archive-date=2015-01-10}} </ref>
On March 12, 2021, the Supreme Court handed down a verdict dismissing all of Uemura’s appeal finally.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://japan-forward.com/tokyo-supreme-court-rules-against-reporter-who-fabricated-comfort-women-stories/ |author=Arielle Busetto	|date=April 6, 2021 |title=Tokyo Supreme Court Rules Against Reporter Who Fabricated Comfort Women Stories |website=Japan Forward |access-date=April 8, 2021 }}</ref>
On January 9, 2015, Uemura filed a defamation suit with the Tokyo District Court against [[Tsutomu Nishioka|Nishioka]], then-professor of Korean studies at [[Tokyo Christian University]], and [[Bungeishunjū]], Ltd. (the publisher of ''Shūkan Bunshun'') in response to the public accusations against him.<ref name=ASAHI20150110/>
The suit focused on three claims made by Nishioka: first, that Uemura's depiction of Kim being "taken away under the name of the 'women volunteer corps'" as involving a misnomer and constituting a fabrication of facts; second, that Uemura knowingly suppressed Kim's background as a [[kisaeng]] in training to alter the story of her becoming comfort women that was different from the truth, third, that Uemura had written his piece to influence the impending class-action lawsuits by former comfort women because Uemura' Korean mother-in-law headed a comfort women support organization involved in this litigation.<ref name=ASAHI20150110/>
Uemura provided the following counterarguments to these points. The term "volunteer corps" at least{{Efn|without "female".}} was indeed used as synonym for comfort women in Korea and not a term conjured up by him. Kim being sent to kisaeng school and she being turned into comfort women were two separate events. On the third point, he said he accepted the assignment based on a lead given him by the Seoul bureau chief of his newspaper (not at his mother-in-law's behest), and he denied having written the piece to fulfill ulterior motives that Nishioka accused him of.<ref name=ASAHI20150110/>
On February 18, 2020, Sapporo High Court handed down a verdict dismissing all of Uemura’s appeal.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sankei.com/affairs/news/201119/afr2011190021-n1.html |author= |date=February 19, 2020 |title=元朝日新聞記者の敗訴確定 最高裁、慰安婦記事巡り |publisher=[[Sankei Shimbun]] |access-date=March 15, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://japan-forward.com/supreme-court-lets-decision-stand-against-ex-asahi-writer-on-false-comfort-women-story/ |author=Rui Abiru |date=November 30, 2020 |title=Supreme Court Lets Decision Stand Against Ex-Asahi Writer on False Comfort Women Story Avatar |website=Japan Forward |access-date=March 15, 2021 }}</ref>
==Explanatory notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=allen>{{cite web|author=Chizuko T. Allen <!--Associate Specialist, School of Pacific and Asian Studies, University of Hawaii
--> |title=The Paradigm that Supports the Korean Comfort Women Redress Movement |publisher=Japan Forum for Strategic Studies |url=http://www.jfss.gr.jp/english/en0004.htm |date=August 5, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=ASAHI20140805>{{cite news|author=<!--no byline--> |title=Teishintai to no kondō: tōji wa kenkyū ga toboshiku dōitsushi |script-title=ja:「挺身隊」との混同 当時は研究が乏しく同一視 |trans-title=Confounded with teishintai: poor scholarship at the time led to confounding |url=http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASG7M01HKG7LUTIL067.html |access-date=November 7, 2019 |work=Asahi Shimbun |date=August 5, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=ASAHI20140805-jeju>{{cite news|author=<!--no byline--> |title=Chejudo de renkō shōgen: urazuke erarezu kyogi to handan |script-title=ja:「済州島で連行」証言 裏付け得られず虚偽と判断 |trans-title=Escorted into custody in Jeju Island testimony: No corroboration and determined to be fictive |url=http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASG7L71S2G7LUTIL05N.htm |access-date=November 7, 2019 |work=Asahi Shimbun |date=August 5, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=ASAHI20140805-kisaeng>{{cite news|author=<!--no byline--> |title='Moto ianfu hatsu no shogen' kiji ni jijitsu no nejimage nai |script-title=ja:「元慰安婦 初の証言」 記事に事実のねじ曲げない |trans-title='first testimony by an ex-comfort woman' no distorting of facts in article  |url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASG7L6VT5G7LUTIL05M.html |access-date=November 10, 2019 |work=Asahi Shimbun |date=August 5, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=ASAHI20141223>{{cite news|author=<!--no byline--> |title=Kiji wo teisei owabi shi gosetsumei shimasu: Asahi Shimbunsha ianfu hōdō, dai-sansha-i hōkoku |script-title=ja:記事を訂正、おわびしご説明します 朝日新聞社 慰安婦報道、第三者委報告書 |trans-title=Corrections to article, apologies, and explanations: Asahi Shimbun company's comfort women coverage, third-party committee's report |url=https://www.asahi.com/shimbun/3rd/2014122337.html |access-date=November 7, 2019 |work=Asahi Shimbun |date=December 23, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=ASAHI20150110>{{cite news|author=Odaka Chiba<!--staff writer--> |title=Former Asahi reporter files suit against university professor, publisher |newspaper=The Asahi Shimbun |date=January 10, 2015 |url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/social_affairs/AJ201501100041 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040225/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/social_affairs/AJ201501100041 |archive-date=2016-03-04}}</ref>
<ref name=HANKYOREH20141221>{{cite news|author=Gil Yun-hyeong<!--キル・ユンヒョン--> |title=Watashi ga kaita ianfu kiji wa netsuzō de wa nai.. uyoku-no odoshi ni wa kusshinai |script-title=ja:[インタビュー]「私が書いた慰安婦記事はねつ造ではない…右翼の脅しには屈しない」 |trans-title=<!--See Eng. ver.--> |url=https://www.asahi.com/shimbun/3rd/2014122337.html |access-date=November 7, 2019 |work=Hankyoreh |date=December 21, 2014}}; {{cite news|author=Gil Yun-hyeong<!--キル・ユンヒョン--> |title=Takashi Uemura: "My Article on Comfort Women was Not Fabricated." |url=https://issuu.com/the_korea_foundation/docs/korea_focus_-_february_2015 |access-date=November 7, 2019 |work=Korea Focus |date=February 2015 |pages=146–153}}</ref>
<ref name=jonngang10010815>{{cite news|author=Reiji Yoshida |title="naneun jeongsindae" cheoeum balghin gimhagsunhalmeoni |script-title=ko:“나는 정신대” 처음 밝힌 김학순할머니 |trans-title="I was chongsindae (volunteer corps)" Grandmother Kim Hak-sun is the first one to reveal |url=https://news.joins.com/article/2631320|access-date=December 2, 2014|work=Joongang Ilbo |date=August 15, 1991}}</ref>
<ref name="JT20141006">{{cite news|author=Reiji Yoshida |title=Group defends ex-Asahi academic, saying university must resist anonymous calls to fire him |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/10/06/national/group-defends-ex-asahi-academic-saying-university-must-resist-anonymous-calls-to-fire-him/|access-date=December 2, 2014|work=The Japan Times|date=October 6, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="JT20150429">{{cite news|author=Tai Kawabata |title=Former Asahi Shimbun reporter says threats against him are getting worse |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/04/29/national/crime-legal/former-asahi-reporters-comfort-women-libel-suit-begins/ |access-date=November 10, 2019 |work=The Japan Times|date=April 29, 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="NYT20141202">{{cite news|author=Martin Fackler |author-link=Martin Fackler |title=Rewriting the War, Japanese Right Attacks a Newspaper |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/03/world/asia/japanese-right-attacks-newspaper-on-the-left-emboldening-war-revisionists.html|access-date=November 7, 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=December 2, 2014}}<!--Changed to current title, former title: 'Japanese Right Attacks..' (cf. htm filename)--></ref>
<ref name="SANKEI20140523">{{cite news|author=<!--no byline--> |title=Moto Asahi Seoul tokuha-in, Nihonjin ga muriyari musume wo sarattara bōdō ga okimashita yo |script-title=ja:元朝日ソウル特派員「日本人が無理やり娘をさらったら暴動が起きましたよ」 |trans-title=Former Asahi Seoul correspondent: If the Japanese tried to abduct a girl forcibly there would have been a riot |url=http://www.sankei.com/politics/news/140523/plt1405230030-n1.html|access-date=November 7, 2019 |work=Sankei |date=May 23, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="SANKEI20150803">{{cite news|author=<!--no byline--> |title=Moto Asahi kisha Uemura Takashi-shi ni intabyū: 'tēpu kīta no ichido dake de kiji kaita' |script-title=ja:<!--【朝日新聞慰安婦誤報取り消しから１年】-->元朝日記者・植村隆氏にインタビュー　「テープ聞いたの一度だけで記事書いた」 |trans-title=Former Asahi reporter Takashi Uemura: 'I wrote article after listening to tape just one time' |url=https://www.sankei.com/politics/news/150803/plt1508030036-n4.html |access-date=November 9, 2019 |work=Sankei |date=August 3, 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="SANKEI20150804">{{cite news|author=<!--no byline--> |title='Kyōsei renkō' 'teishin-tai': honshi mo kako ni shiyō |script-title=ja:「強制連行」「挺身隊」 本紙も過去に使用 |trans-title='Forcibly taken' and 'volunteer corps' also used by our newspaper in the past |url=https://www.sankei.com/politics/news/150804/plt1508040021-n1.html |access-date=November 13, 2019 |work=Sankei |date=August 4, 2015}}</ref>
<ref name=soh2000>{{citation|ref={{SfnRef|Soh|2000}}|author=Chunghee Sarah Soh |author-link=Chunghee Sarah Soh |title=From Imperial Gifts to Sex Slaves: Theorizing Symbolic Representations of the 'Comfort Women' |journal=Social Science Japan Journal|volume=3 |number=1 |year=2000 |pages=67–68<!--59–76-->}} {{JSTOR|30209278}}</ref>
<ref name=uemura-japanfocus2015012>{{citation|author1=Takashi Uemura |author2=Tomomi Yamaguchi (intro.) |translator= Tomomi Yamaguchi |title=Labeled the reporter who "fabricated" the comfort woman issue: A Rebuttal |script-title=ja:反論 慰安婦問題「捏造記者」と呼ばれて|journal=The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus |volume=13 |issue=2 |date=January 12, 2015 |url=http://apjjf.org/2015/13/1/Tomomi-Yamaguchi/4249.html}}</ref>
<ref name="YOMIURI20130514">{{cite news|author=<!--no byline--> |title=Jūgun ianfu mondai, Kōno danwa de kyokkai hiromaru|script-title=ja:従軍慰安婦問題、河野談話で曲解広まる |trans-title=Comfort women issue, growing misconstruing of the Kono Statement |url=http://www.sankei.com/politics/news/140523/plt1405230030-n1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515164223/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/politics/news/20130514-OYT1T00220.htm |archive-date=2013-05-15 |work=Sankei |date=May 14, 2013}}</ref>
}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Uemura, Takashi}}
[[Category:Academic staff of Hokusei Gakuen University]]
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