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{{short description|Sunni Islamic prayers specific to Ramadan}}
{{hatnote|This is a sub-article of [[Sunnah salat]] and [[Ramadan]].}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox holiday
| type          = [[Sunnah Muwakkadah]] prayer according to Sunni Muslims
| image         = Prière de Tarawih dans la Grande Mosquée de Kairouan. Ramadan 2012.jpg
| caption       = Tarawih prayer at the [[Great Mosque of Kairouan]], [[Tunisia]]
| official_name = {{lang|ar|صَلَاةُ التَّرَاوِيح}} ({{transliteration|ar|ṣalāt at-tarāwīḥ}}; literally, 'prayer of the Tarāwīḥ')
| nickname      = Taraweeh
| observedby    = [[Sunni]]s
| significance  = A [[Sunnah prayer]] that Sunni Muslims say was done by [[Muhammad]]
| begins        = After [[Isha prayer]]
| ends          = 20 rakahs take approximately 45 mins if it is surah tarawih(In this the surah from 30th chapter of the quran is recited in repetition for 30 cycles of taraweeh) and a bit more than 1 hour if it is khatam taraweeh(In this whole quran is recited within 30 cycles of taraweeh)
| frequency     = Every night in [[Ramadan]]
| relatedto     = Ramadan
| holiday_name  =Tarawih
| date          = changes every year (as with ramadan cycle)
}}
[[File:Taipei Grand Mosque - Tarawih.JPG|thumb|Tarawih prayer at [[Taipei Grand Mosque]], Taiwan]]
'''{{Transliteration|ar|Tarawih}}''' ({{langx|ar|تَّرَاوِيح|tarāwīḥ}}) are special [[Salah|Sunnah prayers]] involving reading long portions of the [[Quran]], and performing up to 20 [[rakat|rakahs]] (cycles of prostrations required in Islamic prayer), which are performed only in the Islamic month of [[Ramadan]]. The entire [[Quran]] is recited in the Tarawih prayers at a [[mosque]], typically at the rate of one [[Juz']] per night.
== Overview ==
Tarawih prayers begin from the first Moon-sighted evening (start of Ramadan) to second moon-sighted evening (last day of Ramadan). This prayer is performed in congregation during Ramadan of the [[Islamic calendar]], after [[Isha prayer|Isha]] (and before [[Witr]], which is also prayed following the imam who leads the prayer aloud in one or three rakats unlike how it is done in other eleven months).
Tarawih prayers are prayed in pairs. According to the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi' and Hanbali schools of Sunni Islam, the standard number of rakats is twenty referring it to a narration in [[Muwatta Imam Malik|Muwatta' Imam Malik]] which said that "In the time of Umar, the people used to offer 20 raka'āt". But it is clearly mentioned in the Muwatta' before the said narration that when Umar assigned duty to Ubay ibn Ka'b and Tamim al-Dari to lead the Tarawih, he ordered them to offer 11 [[Rak'a|raka'āt]] (8 of tarawih and 3 of witr). Sunni Muslims believe it is customary to attempt a ''takmil'' ("complete recitation" of the [[Quran]]) as one of the religious observances of [[Ramadan]], by reciting at least one ''[[juz']]'' per night in tarawih.
Tarawih prayers are considered [[Sunnah]], or in other words, not obligatory. However, it is believed that the reward for them is great, as it is the Sunnah of [[Muhammad]], being reported in multiple authentic [[Hadiths]].
Muhammad, according to [[Abu Hurayra|Abu Hurairah]] said, "Whoever stands with the imam (in Taraweeh prayer) until he finishes, it is equivalent to spending the whole night in prayer." This hadith was used as a proof by [[Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal|Imam Ahmad]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/295752|title=The Taraweeh Prayer and Its Origins|work=Arab News|publisher=Susi Research & Publishing Company|date=12 March 2007|access-date=6 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Riyad as-Salihin 1187 - The Book of Virtues - كتاب الفضائل - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)|url=https://sunnah.com/riyadussalihin:1187|access-date=2021-03-18|website=sunnah.com}}</ref>
==Background==
{{Religious text primary|section|date=May 2018}}
The Sunni prayer Tarawih has been mentioned in traditions as ''Qiyam al-Layl min Ramadan'' ("Standing of night in Ramadan") and ''Qiyam al-Ramadan'' ("Standing of Ramadan"). Some Sunni Muslims regard the Tarawih prayers as confirmed traditional prayer (''[[Sunnah prayer#Confirmed and non-confirmed prayers|sunnat al-mu'akkadah]]''). Other Sunni Muslims believe Tarawih is an optional prayer (''[[Nafl prayer|nafl]]'') that may be performed at home. According to this tradition Muhammad initially and briefly prayed the Tarawih in congregation during Ramadan, but discontinued this practice out of concern it would be mandated (''[[fard]]''), yet he never forbade it.<ref>{{cite web|series=Book 4, Hadith 1663|url=http://sunnah.com/muslim/6/208| title=The Book of Prayer - Travellers| publisher=[[Sahih Muslim]] |access-date=1 September 2015}}</ref> During the time when [[Umar]] was the [[caliph]], he reinstated the praying of Tarawih in congregation.<ref>{{cite web|series=Book 32, Hadith 227| publisher=[[Sahih Bukhari]]| url=http://sunnah.com/bukhari/31/3| access-date=1 September 2015|title=Praying at Night in Ramadaan (Taraweeh)}}</ref>
[[Shia]] Muslims regard Tarawih as "innovation" (''[[bid‘ah]]''), re-introduced after the death of Muhammad by Umar ibn al-Khattab, according to his own words.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sunnah.com/bukhari/31/3| title=Praying at Night in Ramadaan (Taraweeh)| publisher=[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]| series=Book 31, Hadith 3| access-date=1 September 2015}}</ref>
A Shia hadith, however, is claimed to have authenticated Sunni prayer Taraweeh but this is disputed since not all hadiths in Al Kafi are sahih:
{{quote|‘Abu ‘Abdallah (peace be upon him) has said that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and [[Ahl al-Bayt|his progeny]]) would increase his prayer during the month of Ramadan. After ''Al-‘Atmah'' (late evening prayer), he would perform more prayers. People behind would stand up [for prayer], but he would go inside and leave them. Then, after he came out, they would come and stand up behind him [for prayer], but he would leave them and go inside several times. He (the narrator) has said that the Imam then said, “You must not perform prayer after late evening prayer during the times other than the month of Ramadan.”
:—''[[Kitab al-Kafi|Al-Kafi]]'', vol. 4, p. 154-155 (declared ''sahih'' by Majlisi)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shiascans.com/2017/05/22/tarawih-proven-from-shia-books/|title = Tarawih proven from (12er) Shia books|date = 22 May 2017}}</ref>{{better source|date=March 2023}}}}
[[Muhammad al-Bukhari]] narrated regarding the Tarawih prayer in ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]'':
{{quote|I went out in the company of Umar bin Al-Khattab one night in Ramadan to the mosque and found the people praying in different groups. A man praying alone or a man praying with a little group behind him. So, 'Umar said, “In my opinion I would better collect these [people] under the leadership of one Qari (Reciter) (i.e. let them pray in congregation!).” So, he made up his mind to congregate them behind [[Ubay ibn Ka'b|Ubai bin Ka'b]]. Then on another night I went again in his company and [saw that] the people were praying behind their reciter. On that, 'Umar remarked, “What an excellent ''bid'ah'' (i.e. innovation in religion) this is!”<ref>{{cite book |last=Muhammad al-Bukhari |author-link=Muhammad al-Bukhari |first=Muhammad |title=[[Sahih al-Bukhari]] |language=ar |page=Book 31, Ch. 1, Hadith 3, Nu. 2010 |quote=خَرَجْتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ لَيْلَةً فِي رَمَضَانَ، إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، فَإِذَا النَّاسُ أَوْزَاعٌ مُتَفَرِّقُونَ يُصَلِّي الرَّجُلُ لِنَفْسِهِ، وَيُصَلِّي الرَّجُلُ فَيُصَلِّي بِصَلاَتِهِ الرَّهْطُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ إِنِّي أَرَى لَوْ جَمَعْتُ هَؤُلاَءِ عَلَى قَارِئٍ وَاحِدٍ لَكَانَ أَمْثَلَ‏.‏ ثُمَّ عَزَمَ فَجَمَعَهُمْ عَلَى أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ مَعَهُ لَيْلَةً أُخْرَى، وَالنَّاسُ يُصَلُّونَ بِصَلاَةِ قَارِئِهِمْ، قَالَ عُمَرُ نِعْمَ الْبِدْعَةُ هَذِهِ }}</ref>}}
Instead, [[Twelver Shi'ism|Twelvers]] believe in the [[Tahajjud]] prayer or {{Transliteration|ar|salat al-layl}} ("night prayer"), which is recommended throughout the year, especially during the nights of Ramadan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://najaf.org/?lang=english&tab=practice&cat=laws&id=2814| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617222435/http://najaf.org/?lang=english&tab=practice&cat=laws&id=2814| archive-date=17 June 2015| title=Imaam Ali Foundation - Ramadan Moon Crescent 1436}}</ref>
==Other==
On 3 January 2000, [[Malaysian Prime Minister]] [[Mahathir Mohamad]] expressed regret that tarawih prayers were made use of by certain people for political gain.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2000-01-04 |title=PM regrets tarawih prayers misused for political gains |url=https://www.klik.com.my/item/story/1603725/pm-regrets-tarawih-prayers-misused-for-political-gains |access-date= |website=New Straits Times}}</ref>
On 2 April 2022, hundreds of [[Muslims]] gathered in [[Times Square]] to perform the first Tarawih prayers of [[Ramadhan]]. Over 1,500 meals were handed out to the people, before the prayers, to break their fast; known as [[iftar]]. This event marked the first Tarawih prayers held in Times Square publicly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-02 |title= Hundreds gather in Times Square to mark beginning of Ramadan |url= https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/newyork/news/ramadan-times-square/ |access-date= |website=CBS New York}}</ref>
==Name variations==
* {{langx|ace|seumayang teurawèh}}
* {{langx|sq|namazi teravie}}
* {{langx|ar|صلاة التراويح|ṣalāt at-tarāwīḥ}}
* {{langx|az|təravih namazı}}
* {{langx|bn|তারাবীহ|tarabīh}}
* {{langx|bs|teravija namaz}}
*{{langx|my|တာရာဝီနာမာ့ဇ်|tarawee namaz}}
*[[Maldivian language|Dhivehi:]] ތަރާވޭސް ނަމާދު
* {{langx|ha|sallar tarawihi}}
* {{langx|hi|तरावीह|tarāvīh}}
* [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], [[Bahasa Melayu|Malay]]: ''salat tarawih'', ''solat tarawih''
* {{langx|jv|tarawèh}}
* {{langx|kk|тарауих намазы|translit=tarawikh namaz'}}
*[[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]]: نوێژی تەڕاویح, [[Romanization|<small>romanized</small>]]: nwéjī tarâwīḥ
* {{langx|ps|د تراويح لمونځ | Da Taraweh Lamoonz}}
* {{langx|fa|نماز تراويح|namâz tarâvīḥ}}
* {{langx|sh|teravih-namaz; teravija}}
* {{langx|so|Taraawiix}}
* {{langx|su|tarawéh}}
* {{langx|sw|Tarawee}}
* {{langx|tg|Таровеҳ}} [[Romanization | romanized]] Taroveh
* [[Tamil language|Tamil]] : ''தராவிஹ்''
* {{langx|tsg|tarawi}}
* {{langx|tr|terâvih namazı}}
* {{langx|ur|{{nq|نماز تراويح}}|namāz tarāvīḥ}}
* {{langx|uz|tarovih namozi}}
* {{langx|yka|tarawi}}
==See also==
*[[All-night vigil]] in Orthodox Christianity
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
*John L. Esposito: ''The Oxford Dictionary of Islam''. Oxford University Press US 2004, {{ISBN|978-0-19-512559-7}}, p.&nbsp;276 ({{Google books|6VeCWQfVNjkC|restricted online version|page=276}})
==External links==
{{commons category}}[https://prayerintime.com/ Prayer Time in Egypt]{{Islamic prayer}}
{{Ramadan}}
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[[Category:Fasting in Islam]]
[[Category:Salah]]
[[Category:Ramadan]]
[[Category:Salah terminology]]