View source for Tellima

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in the family Saxifragaceae}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Tellima grandiflora 11202.JPG
|status = G5
|status_system = TNC
|status_ref = <ref name=natureserve>{{Cite web
| publisher =NatureServe
| title = tellima grandiflora
| work = NatureServe Explorer
| url = http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=tellima+grandiflora+
| access-date = 2018-04-13}}</ref>
|genus = Tellima
|parent_authority = [[Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|R.Br.]] (1823)
|species = grandiflora
|authority = ([[Frederick Traugott Pursh|Pursh]]) [[David Douglas (botanist)|Dougl.]] ex [[John Lindley|Lindl.]] (1828)
|synonyms =
*''Mitella acerifolia'' {{small|Schltdl. (1844)}}
*''Mitella grandiflora'' {{small|Pursh (1813)}} ([[basionym]])
*''Tellima breviflora'' {{small|Rydb. (1905)}}
*''Tellima grandiflora'' var. ''virescens'' {{small|Regel (1867)}}
*''Tellima nudicaulis'' {{small|Greene (1891)}}
*''Tellima odorata'' {{small|Howell (1898)}}
*''Tiarella alternifolia'' {{small|Fisch. ex Ser. (1830), not validly publ.}}
|synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:794860-1 ''Tellima grandiflora'' (Pursh) Douglas ex Lindl.] ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 14 April 2024.</ref>
}}
'''''Tellima grandiflora''''', the '''bigflower tellima'''<ref>{{PLANTS|id=TEGR2|taxon=Tellima grandiflora|accessdate=8 December 2015}}</ref> or '''fringecups''', is a [[herbaceous]] [[perennial]] [[flowering plant]] in the family [[Saxifragaceae]]. It is the only species in the genus '''''Tellima'''''.<ref name="Hitchcock">{{cite book |author1=Charles Leo Hitchcock  |author2=Arthur Cronquist  |name-list-style=amp |title=Flora of the Pacific Northwest: an Illustrated Manual |url=https://archive.org/details/floraofpacificno00hitc  |url-access=registration  |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |location=Seattle |year=1973 |isbn=978-0-295-95273-4}}</ref><ref name= "Turner">{{cite book |author1=Mark Turner |author2=Phyllis Gustafson |name-list-style=amp |title=Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest |publisher=[[Timber Press]] |date=2006 |location=Portland, OR |isbn=978-0-88192-745-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/wildflowersofpac00turn }}</ref>
==Description==
It has rounded stalked leaves mostly growing from the base emerging from a rootstock and bluntly toothed reaching heights of 30&nbsp;cm.<ref name="Parnell">Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. ''Webb's An Irish Flora''. Cork University Press.{{ISBN|978-185918-4783}}</ref> It is evergreen in mild winters. Flowers are borne in spring and early summer, on spikes, terminal racemes, up to 60&nbsp;cm high. The green calyx is 6–8&nbsp;mm long; the five flower petals are greenish-white to purple, pinnately divided and spreading. The petals are deeply fringed. It has 10 stamens and 2 styles.<ref name="Parnell"/>
==Distribution==
The plant is a native of moist forests in western North America, from [[Alaska]] and [[British Columbia]] to [[northern California]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Tellima&Species=grandiflora |title=''Tellima grandiflora'' |work=WTU Herbarium Image Collection |publisher=[[Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture]] |access-date=April 26, 2011}}</ref> It can be a garden escape and become [[naturalisation|naturalised]] in some other areas, ''e.g.'' [[Ireland]] and [[Great Britain]]. Although it is secure in the western portions of its range, ''Tellima grandiflora'' is listed as vulnerable in Idaho and Montana, and as critically imperiled in Alberta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?sourceTemplate=tabular_report.wmt&loadTemplate=species_RptComprehensive.wmt&selectedReport=RptComprehensive.wmt&summaryView=tabular_report.wmt&elKey=152849&paging=home&save=true&startIndex=1&nextStartIndex=1&reset=false&offPageSelectedElKey=152849&offPageSelectedElType=species&offPageYesNo=true&post_processes=&radiobutton=radiobutton&selectedIndexes=152849|title=Comprehensive Report Species -|website=explorer.natureserve.org|language=en|access-date=2018-04-14}}</ref>
[[File:Tellima grandiflora 4967f.JPG|left|thumb|upright]]
==Uses==
It is widely grown in gardens. Different strains have been developed. It seeds itself freely in suitable climates.
This plant, crushed and made into an [[infusion]], was used by the [[Skagit (tribe)|Skagit]] to aid people in sicknesses such as [[loss of appetite]].<ref name="Pojar">{{cite book |author1=Jim Pojar  |author2=Andy MacKinnon  |name-list-style=amp |title=Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast |publisher=[[Lone Pine Publishing]] |location=Edmonton |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-55105-530-5}}</ref> [[Ellagitannin]]s are chemical compounds that have potential [[Antiviral drug|antiviral]] activity.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Stéphane Quideau |author2=Tatiana Varadinova |author3=Diana Karagiozova |author4=Michael Jourdes |author5=Patrick Pardon |author6=Christian Baudry |author7=Petia Genova |author8=Theodore Diakov |author9=Rozalina Petrova |name-list-style=amp |title=Main structural and stereochemical aspects of the antiherpetic activity of nonahydroxyterphenoyl-containing C-glycosidic ellagitannins |journal=[[Chemistry & Biodiversity]] |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=247–258 |date=February 2004 |pmid=17191843 |doi=10.1002/cbdv.200490021|s2cid=21637300 }}</ref> [[Tellimagrandin II]], the first of the ellagitannins, formed from [[1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-glucose|pentagalloyl glucose]], is [[laccase]]-catalyzed dimerised to [[cornusiin E]] in ''T. grandiflora''.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ruth Niemetz  |author2=Georg G. Gross  |name-list-style=amp |year=2003 |title=Ellagitannin biosynthesis: laccase-catalyzed dimerization of tellimagrandin II to cornusiin E in ''Tellima grandiflora'' |journal=[[Phytochemistry (journal)|Phytochemistry]] |volume=64 |issue=7 |pages=1197–1201 |doi=10.1016/j.phytochem.2003.08.013 |pmid=14599517|bibcode=2003PChem..64.1197N }}</ref>
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==References==
{{Reflist|32em}}
==External links==
*{{Commons-inline|Tellima grandiflora|''Tellima grandiflora''}}
*{{Wikispecies-inline|Tellima grandiflora|''Tellima grandiflora''}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q13390019|from2=Q847750}}
[[Category:Saxifragaceae]]
[[Category:Monotypic Saxifragaceae genera]]
[[Category:Flora of Alaska]]
[[Category:Flora of the Aleutian Islands]]
[[Category:Flora of British Columbia]]
[[Category:Flora of California]]
[[Category:Flora of Idaho]]
[[Category:Flora of Montana]]
[[Category:Flora of Oregon]]
[[Category:Flora of Washington (state)]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1813]]