View source for Tenné

{{EngvarB|date=February 2022}}
{{short description|Orange-brown non-standard tincture}}
{{Infobox heraldic tincture
|title                   = Tenné
|class                   = [[Stain (heraldry)|Stain]]
|non-heraldic_equivalent = [[orange (colour)|Orange]], [[brown]], orange-[[tawny (color)|tawny]] colour
|hatching                = {{Hatching colors|Tenné}}
|hex                     = cd5700
|tricking                = [[File:Oroszlán állatjegy.JPG]]
|gemstone                = [[Onyx|Sardonyx]]
|planet                  = [[Lunar node|Dragon's tail]]
}}
In [[heraldry]], '''tenné''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|ɛ|n|i}};<ref name="OxfAm">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/tenn%C3%A9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507185039/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/tenn%C3%A9 |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 7, 2013 |title=Tenné |encyclopedia=Oxford US English Dictionary |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=2015-10-06}}</ref><ref name="Oxf">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/tenn%C3%A9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803040001/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/tenn%C3%A9 |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 3, 2012 |title=Tenné |encyclopedia=Oxford British & World English Dictionary |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=2013-04-29}}</ref> sometimes termed '''tenny'''<ref name="OxfAm"/> or '''tawny''') is a "[[stain (heraldry)|stain]]", or non-standard [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]], of [[orange (colour)|orange]] (in English blazonry), light [[brown]] (in French heraldry) or orange-[[tawny (color)|tawny]] (in continental heraldry) colour.<ref>[[Arthur Charles Fox-Davies]], ''A Complete Guide to Heraldry'' London: T. C. and E. C. Jack, 1909, p.&nbsp;72, uses ''orange'' and ''tenné'' synonymously and in the next sentence defines ''tenné'' as "an orange-tawny colour".  Leigh, as quoted by Woodcock & Robinson, on p. 52, defines ''tenne'' as "orenge colour"[''[[sic]]''].  Neubecker, on p. 86, on the other hand, equates ''tenné'' with ''brown'', as distinct from ''orange''.</ref>
Tenné, however, is not to  be confused with ''brunâtre'' ("brownish") of French and German blazons. <gallery mode="nolines" widths="80" perrow="2" caption="Difference between tenné & brunâtre">
File:Heraldic Shield Tenné.svg
File:Heraldic Shield Brunâtre.svg
</gallery>Tenné is used for the depiction of leather colour, while the much darker brunâtre is used for the depiction of bear hide colour.
==Etymology==
In the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', ''tenné'' is described as "orange-brown, as a stain used in blazoning", and as a mid-16th-century variant of [[Old French]] ''tané''.<ref name="OxfAm"/><ref name="Oxf"/> The origin of both ''tenné'' and ''tawny'' is the Medieval Latin word ''tannare'', meaning "to tan leather".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/tan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506105030/http://oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/tan |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 6, 2013 |title=Tan |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionaries |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=2013-04-29}}</ref> As such, in French (and most of continental) heraldry, tenné is the light-brownish colour that leather is supposed to have once tanned. Used primarily for depicting wood and skin in ''proper'' charges, it then slowly became its own tincture.
==Hatchings==
Perhaps as a symptom of the theoretical nature of heraldic stains, the [[hatching system|hatchings]] assigned to these have been inconsistent among sources. The hatching for tenné has been given variously as a combination of vertical lines (as [[gules]]) and dexter to sinister lines (as [[Vert (heraldry)|vert]]),<ref>Neubecker, p. 86.</ref> or as a combination of horizontal lines (as [[azure (heraldry)|azure]]) and sinister to dexter lines (as [[purpure]]),<ref>Fox-Davies, p. 76.</ref> (and other combinations may be found in other sources) though both these sources provide the same hatching of alternating vertical dots and dashes for "orange".<ref>Confer both previous citations (Neubecker, p. 86 and Fox-Davies, p. 76).</ref>
[[File:Complete Guide to Heraldry Fig036.png|thumb|500px|center|Fig. 36 from Fox-Davies, ''Complete Guide to Heraldry'' (1909): Extended hatching scheme used in continental heraldry. ''a'', ''Tenné''; ''b'', blood-red (''Sanguine''); ''c'', earth-brown (''Brunâtre''); ''d'', ''Iron'' ; ''e'', water-colour or ''Céleste'' ; ''f'', flesh-colour or ''Carnation''; ''g'', ashen-grey or ''Cendree'' ; ''h'', ''orange''; and ''i'', colour of nature.]]
==Poetic meanings==
In the system of poetic meanings, tenné is associated with the [[Lunar node|Dragon's tail]] and with the gemstone [[Onyx|sardonyx]].<ref>{{cite book |first1=John |last1=Woodward |first2=George |last2=Burnett |title=A Treatise on Heraldry, British and Foreign |location=Edinburgh / London |publisher=W. A. K. Johnston |year=1892 |volume=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4mZJIpXNockC&pg=PA65 |page=65}}</ref>
==In theory and in practice==
While tenné is frequently mentioned in books about heraldry, it is not among the basic heraldic colours and its appearance in practice is quite rare. [[Arthur Charles Fox-Davies]], in his ''Complete Guide to Heraldry'', asserted that both tenné and [[murrey]] were probably inventions of the theoretical (though never shown in actual practice) system of [[abatement (heraldry)|abatements]], further commenting that he knew of only one instance of tenné to date (as of 1909), and that was in an estate [[livery]] rather than [[coat of arms|coat armory]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fox-Davies |first=Arthur Charles |author2=Graham Johnston  |year=2004 |orig-year=1909 |title=A Complete Guide to Heraldry |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=1-4179-0630-8 |pages=72–73}}</ref> ''The Oxford Guide to Heraldry'' cites a late-14th century English treatise as stating that in addition to the two metals and five colours, a colour called ''tawny'' was "borne only in [[Holy Roman Empire|the Empire]] and [[France]]," the ''Oxford Guide'' also citing Gerard Leigh's ''The Accendance of Armory'' (1562) as rejecting tenné or tawny as non-existent and sanguine or murrey as mistaken [[purpure]].<ref name=Oxford51>{{cite book |last1=Woodcock |first1=Thomas |last2=Robinson |first2=John Martin |year=1988 |title=The Oxford Guide to Heraldry |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-211658-4 |page=51}}</ref>
==In Britain==
[[File:Arms of West Yorkshire Metropolitan County Council.svg|thumb|[[Coat of arms of West Yorkshire]], supported by a lion ''per fess gules and sable'' (dexter) and a lion ''per fess tenne and vert'' (sinister), with a lion ''per fess gules and tenne'' in crest]]
Despite its role in the system of theoretical [[abatement (heraldry)|abatements of honour]] introduced in the 16th century,<ref>Woodcock & Robinson, p. 68.</ref> tenné is quite rare in British armory, appearing only occasionally in liveries and never as a colour upon the [[escutcheon (heraldry)|escutcheon]]. ''The Oxford Guide to Heraldry'' notes that the "stains" (tenné, murrey and sanguine) "occur occasionally in the twentieth century but have never been spotted in a [[heraldic visitation|Visitation]] record."<ref>Woodcock & Robinson, p. 53.</ref>  Fox-Davies named the estate livery of Lord Fitzhardinge, worn by the lord's hunt servants, as the only known occurrence of "orange-tawny" in British armory.<ref>Fox-Davies, p. 73.</ref>  To this, Woodward was able to add the [[heraldic flag|standards]] of both the [[Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby|Earl of Derby]], bearing the Stanley crest upon a field of tawny and vert, and the [[Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland|Earl of Northumberland]], bearing "four horizontal bands, the upper being russet, the two central ones yellow, and the lowest tawny".<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/atreatiseonhera02woodgoog |quote=tawny. |title=A Treatise on Heraldry, British and Foreign |last=Woodward |first=John |year=1896 |location=Edinburgh and London |publisher=W. & A. K. Johnston |pages=185, 305}}</ref>  The [[Coat of arms of West Yorkshire]] (1975–1986) was supported on the sinister side by a lion ''per fess tenne and vert'', with a lion ''per fess gules and tenne'' in crest.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.civicheraldry.co.uk/obs_county.html#west%20yorkshire%20cc |title=West Yorkshire County Council |access-date=2013-05-10 |work=Civic Heraldry of England and Wales}}</ref>
According to the Heraldry Society of Scotland, the team colours of the [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United Football Club]] should be called "tenny and argent".<ref>{{cite book |last=Dennis |first=M. D. |year=1999 |title=Scottish heraldry: an invitation |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Heraldry Society of Scotland |page=23}}</ref>  Dundee United calls the colours tangerine and white, and the team is referred to as "the tangerines".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dundeeunitedfc.co.uk/index.asp?pg=440 |title=History - 50s & 60s |publisher=www.dundeeunitedfc.co.uk |access-date=2013-04-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006120849/http://www.dundeeunitedfc.co.uk/index.asp?pg=440 |archive-date=2013-10-06 }} Dundee United states the colour was borrowed from an American team called Dallas Tornado in the 1960s.</ref>
==In continental Europe==
According to the ''Oxford Guide to Heraldry'', a late-14th century English treatise on heraldry stated that a colour called ''tawny'' was "borne only in [[Holy Roman Empire|the Empire]] and [[France]]."<ref name=Oxford51 />  Fox-Davies suggested that orange, as it appears in [[German heraldry]], may be a different colour than tenné, noting that a different [[hatching (heraldry)|hatching]] is associated with German ''orange'' than that of British ''tenné''.<ref>Fox-Davies, p. 74.</ref> German heraldic author [[Ottfried Neubecker]] also noted a distinction between ''orange'' and ''brown'' or ''tenné'', showing the usual hatching for tenné but a distinctive hatching of alternating vertical dots and dashes for orange.<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Ottfried Neubecker |last=Neubecker |first=Ottfried |year=1976 |title=Heraldry: Sources, Symbols and Meaning |url=https://archive.org/details/heraldrysourcess00neubrich |url-access=limited |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location= Maidenhead, England |isbn= 0-07-046308-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/heraldrysourcess00neubrich/page/86 86]}} <br>''[[Nota bene|NB]]'': The same hatching Neubecker gave for "orange" was repeated in Fox-Davies, p. 76, as the hatching for German "orange".</ref>  Orangé, tanné and tenné appear in the civic arms of several [[Armorial of the Communes of Oise (I-P)|communes in the Department of Oise]] in France.<ref>Specifically, the arms of [[Lamorlaye]] have a field tinctured ''orangé'' (in French), the arms of [[Margny-lès-Compiègne]] have a divided field which is partly tinctured ''orangé'' as well as a charge in chief which is also ''orangé'', and the arms of [[La Neuville-Roy]] has a quarter tinctured ''tanné'' (in French); all of these are communes in the Department of Oise; see them listed at [[Armorial of the Communes of Oise-3 (I-P)]].</ref>
In [[French heraldry]], ''tanné'' (same as tenné) is traditionally a light brown. It is to be a light brown colour, bright enough to be distinguished from the darkest heraldic colour, [[sable (heraldry)|sable]] (black), as well as the darker brown color brunâtre, used for bear hide fur. It should also be a distinctive brown, and be clearly different than both flesh-color ''carnation'' and ''orangé'', used per example as the field color for the arms of the French commune of [[Lamorlaye]]. Tenné takes its name from the colour of tanned leather,<ref>Joubert, Pierre, ''Nouveau guide de l'héraldique'' (1984),  Rennes, Ouest-France.</ref> and occurs in the field of the arms of a few French communes, including [[Maruéjols-lès-Gardon]].<ref>''Le Grand Robert de la Langue Française'', (2001).</ref>  ''Tanné'' colour also occurs in the dexter chief quarter of the arms of [[La Neuville-Roy]], where it notably replaces azure as the field for a semy of fleurs-de-lys very reminiscent of the ancient arms of France.
In English heraldry, all these colours are sometimes—yet mistakenly—confused as ''tenné''.
<gallery class="center">
File:Blason de la ville de Maruéjols-lès-Gardon (30).svg|Arms of the French city of [[Maruéjols-lès-Gardon]], bearing a field ''tenné''
File:Blason la neuville roy.svg|Arms of the French commune of [[La Neuville-Roy]], bearing a field ''tanné'' in the dexter chief quarter.
File:Blason Lamorlaye.svg|Arms of [[Lamorlaye]], a city in French [[Oise]], bearing a field ''orangé''
</gallery>
{{clear}}
==In Australia==
[[File:Northern_Territory_Coat_of_Arms.svg|thumb|left|200px| Coat of arms of the Northern Territory]]
Granted in 1978, the [[Coat of arms of the Northern Territory]] has a tenny field, with a design inspired by Aboriginal paintings.<ref>[http://www.about-australia.com/facts/northern-territory-flags-emblems/ Northern Territory Flags & Emblems], About Australia, Retrieved 3 October 2015</ref>
{{clear}}
==In South Africa==
[[File:South Africa Shield 1910-1928.svg|thumb|left|100px|1910 arms of South Africa]]
[[Orange (heraldry)|Orange]] is a common colour in [[South African heraldry]], because of the history of [[South Africa]] as a Dutch colony,  and the fact that royal house of the [[Netherlands]] is the [[House of Orange]].  The Dutch [[Prince's Flag]] was an orange white and blue tricolour, and this was the basis of the flags of the [[Flag of the Orange Free State|Orange Free State]] (1857-1902) and the [[Flag of South Africa|Union of South Africa]] (1928-1994).
{{clear}}
==In the United States==
[[File:1 Sig Bn DUI.jpg|thumb|100px|Arms of the 1st Signal Battalion: ''Per bend argent and tenné''<ref name=1stSigBn>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Heraldry/ArmyDUISSICOA/ArmyHeraldryUnit.aspx?u=4240 |title=1st Signal Battalion |publisher=The Institute of Heraldry |access-date=2013-05-03}}</ref>]]
Tenné (so [[blazon]]ed) is found in the arms and [[Colours, standards and guidons|colours]] of some U.S. military units, particularly in the [[Signal Corps (United States Army)|Signal Corps]], where the colour is shown as a bright shade of orange, and the Cavalry, where tenné is sometimes called "dragoon yellow".
The coat of arms of the 1st Signal Battalion, designed in 1932 by the U.S. Army Heraldic Program Office (since 1960 called the [[Institute of Heraldry]]) is ''per bend argent and tenné,'' since orange and white are the traditional colours of the Signal Corps.<ref name=1stSigBn />  These colours are repeated in the arms of virtually every battalion in the Signal Corps.<ref>For a full listing of the arms of each unit in the U.S. Army Signal Corps, see [http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Heraldry/ArmyDUISSIA/ArmyHeraldryBranch.aspx?b=243 ''The Institute of Heraldry'': Categories>Signal].</ref>
The [[1st Cavalry Regiment (United States)|1st Cavalry Regiment]] (also known as the 1st Regiment of Dragoons) was assigned a coat of arms by the Heraldic Program Office in 1921 featuring a gold dragon on a field of tenné.  The 1st Cavalry was founded as the Regiment of United States Dragoons in 1833, and at the time the dragoon units wore a cord of tenné (which they called "dragoon yellow") and [[Or (heraldry)|Or]] (gold).  These are also the colours of the [[torse]] in the coat of arms of the unit.<ref name=dragoons>{{cite web |url=http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Heraldry/ArmyDUISSICOA/ArmyHeraldryUnit.aspx?u=3109 |title=1st Cavalry Regiment |publisher=The Institute of Heraldry |access-date=2013-04-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060237/http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Heraldry/ArmyDUISSICOA/ArmyHeraldryUnit.aspx?u=3109 |archive-date=2013-09-21 }}</ref>
==In popular culture==
The ''[[Star Trek Star Fleet Technical Manual]]'' describes the official tunic color of [[Starfleet|Star Fleet]] Command Section standard issue uniforms, such as those worn by [[Captain Kirk|James Kirk]] and [[Lieutenant Sulu|Hikaru Sulu]], as "tenne".<ref name=startrek>{{cite web|url=http://pre10.deviantart.net/4bf9/th/pre/i/2013/146/0/6/star_trek_tos___men_uniform_overview_by_serenity_discord-d66q8sw.jpg|title=Star Fleet Technical Order – Duty Uniform – Male|access-date=2015-06-25}}</ref> These are the tunics depicted on [[Star Trek: The Original Series|the actual show]] as yellow-gold fabric. Separate from this, officers of Captain's rank or higher may optionally wear tunics and [[dress uniforms]] greenish in hue; the ''Manual'' specifies this color as "[[Olive (color)|olive]]."
==Examples==
<gallery class="center">
File:HerbSzrafirunekBrunatny.svg|<nowiki>#</nowiki>86401A Brunâtre with hatching
File:Heráldica - leonado.svg|<nowiki>#</nowiki>806E38 (left) Continental and #F08800 (right) English&nbsp;tenné
File:Heráldica - anaranjado.svg|<nowiki>#</nowiki>FF6600 Orange with hatching
</gallery>
==See also==
* [[Tawny (colour)]]
* [[Tawny port]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Heraldry}}
{{Shades of orange|Tenné}}
{{Shades of brown|Tenné}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tenne}}
[[Category:Stains]]
[[Category:Shades of brown]]
[[Category:Shades of orange]]