View source for Thick-billed ground dove

{{short description|Extinct species of bird}}
{{distinguish|thick-billed ground pigeon}}
{{speciesbox
| name = Thick-billed ground dove
| status = EX
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name = IUCN>{{Cite journal | author = BirdLife International | title = ''Pampusana salamonis'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2023 | page = e.T22691056A228004766 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 2023 |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691056/228004766 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22691056A228004766.en | access-date = 28 February 2024| doi-access = free }}</ref>
| extinct = 2005
| genus = Pampusana
| species = salamonis
| authority = ([[Edward Pierson Ramsay|Ramsay]], 1882)
| synonyms = *''Phlogaenas salamonis'' <small>Ramsay, 1882</small>
*''Gallicolumba salamonis''
*''Alopecoenas salamonis''
}}
The '''thick-billed ground dove''' ('''''Pampusana salamonis''''') is an extinct dove species of the family [[Columbidae]].<ref name = IUCN/>
==Description==
This poorly known species is only known from two specimens from 1882 and 1927.<ref name="IUCN" /> The holotype from 1882 can be seen in the [[Australian Museum]] in [[Sydney]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Boles|first=Walter|date=12 October 2018|title=Bird Illustrators|url=http://australian.museum/learn/collections/natural-science/ornithology/ornithology-collection-bird-illustrators/|access-date=2021-09-18|website=The Australian Museum|language=en}}</ref>
The length was about 26&nbsp;cm. The head, the throat, and the breast mantle were beige. The chestnut upperparts with a pale purple sheen on the carpals and the small wing coverts contrasted with a chocolate-coloured belly.
The thick-billed ground dove might have preferred dry beach forests on the [[Solomon Islands]] of [[Makira]] (formerly San Cristobal), and the tiny island of [[Ramos Island]] which belongs to [[Isabel Province|Isabel]].<ref name="IUCN" /> It is likely that it also occurred on other islands in that region in the past. It was a ground-dweller like its congeners, and so it was an easy prey for introduced rats and feral pigs, cats and dogs.<ref name="IUCN" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48552691|title=Bird conservation priorities and a draft avifauna conservation strategy for the Pacific Islands region|date=2001|publisher=South Pacific Regional Environment Program|others=Greg Sherley, South Pacific Regional Environment Programme|isbn=982-04-0221-2|location=Samoa|oclc=48552691}}</ref> The logging of the lowland forests in its habitat and the hunting sealed its fate.<ref name="IUCN" />
Despite the fact that it was last seen in 1927, the [[IUCN]] has long hesitated to declare this species extinct.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Jared M.|date=1987|title=Extant Unless Proven Extinct? Or, Extinct Unless Proven Extant?|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2386130|journal=Conservation Biology|volume=1|issue=1|pages=77–79|doi=10.1111/j.1523-1739.1987.tb00012.x |jstor=2386130 |bibcode=1987ConBi...1...77D |issn=0888-8892}}</ref> Many surveys in its former range were undertaken in the later part of the 20th century, but when the last search for this species on Ramos in 2004 had failed too it was officially declared extinct in 2005.<ref name="IUCN" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dutson|first=Guy|date=17 December 2002|title=Is the Thick-billed Ground-Dove Gallicolumba salamonis extant?|url=https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-919X.2003.00137.x|journal=Ibis|volume=145|issue=1|pages=173–177|doi=10.1046/j.1474-919X.2003.00137.x }}</ref> It probably became extinct in the mid-20th century following the increased activity around the time of [[World War II]], which affected several populations of endemic birds in the region.{{Cn|date=September 2021}} Further surveys of birds on Makira in 2015-2016 did not find evidence of the thick-billed ground dove.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mittermeier|first1=John C.|last2=Dutson|first2=Guy|last3=James|first3=Roger E.|last4=Davies|first4=Tammy E.|last5=Tako|first5=Reuben|last6=Uy|first6=J. Albert C.|date=2018|title=The avifauna of Makira (San Cristobal), Solomon Islands|url=https://bioone.org/journals/the-wilson-journal-of-ornithology/volume-130/issue-1/16-194.1/The-avifauna-of-Makira-San-Cristobal-Solomon-Islands/10.1676/16-194.1.full|journal=The Wilson Journal of Ornithology|volume=130|issue=1|pages=235–255|doi=10.1676/16-194.1|s2cid=52257021 |issn=1559-4491}}</ref>
This species was formerly in the genus ''Alopecoenas'' [[Richard Bowdler Sharpe|Sharpe]], 1899, but the name of the genus was changed in 2019 to ''Pampusana'' [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1855 as this name has priority.<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Bruce | first1=M. | last2=Bahr | first2=N. | last3=David | first3=N. | year=2016 | title=''Pampusanna'' vs. ''Pampusana'': a nomenclatural conundrum resolved, along with associated errors and oversights | journal=Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club | volume=136 | pages=86–100 | url=https://boc-online.org/bulletins/downloads/BBOC1362-Bruce.pdf }}</ref><ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2019 | title=Pigeons | work=World Bird List Version 9.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/pigeons/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=25 June 2019 }}</ref>
==References==
<references />
*Ramsay, Edward Pierson (1882): Description of two new birds from the Solomon Islands. ''Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.'' '''7''': 299-301
==External links==
*[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=2619&m=0 Birdlife factsheet - Thick-billed ground dove  (Gallicolumba salamonis)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091028065151/http://www.australianmuseum.net.au/image/Thick-billed-Ground-Dove-Illustration/ Illustration of the thick-billed ground dove] <!--dead link, online working with archive.org -->
{{Taxonbar|from=Q27074715}}
[[Category:Pampusana|thick-billed ground dove]]
[[Category:Birds of Makira|†]]
[[Category:Birds of the Solomon Islands]]
[[Category:Extinct birds of Oceania]]
[[Category:Bird extinctions since 1500]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1882|thick-billed ground dove]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Edward Pierson Ramsay]]