View source for Thomas Philip Wallrad de Hénin-Liétard d'Alsace

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type             = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name             = Thomas de Hénin-Liétard
| honorific-suffix =
| native_name      =
| native_name_lang =
| title            = [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mechelen-Brussels|Archbishop of Mechelen]]<br />[[Primate (bishop)|Primate of the Low Countries]]
| image            = Thomas de Hénin-Liétard d'Alsace-Boussut.jpg
| image_size       = 230px
| alt              =
| caption          =
| church           = [[Catholic Church]]
| archdiocese      = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mechelen-Brussels|Mechelen]]
| province         =
| metropolis       =
| diocese          =
| see              =
| elected          =
| appointed        =
| term             =
| term_start       = 1715
| quashed          =
| term_end         = 1759
| predecessor      = [[Humbertus Guilielmus de Precipiano]]
| opposed          =
| successor        = [[Joannes-Henricus de Franckenberg]]
| other_post       = [[San Lorenzo in Lucina|Cardinal-Priest of San Lorenzo in Lucina]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bdalsace.html|title=Thomas Philip Wallrad Cardinal d'Hénin-Létard d'Alsace-Boussut de Chimay [Catholic-Hierarchy]|website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org}}</ref>
<!---------- Orders
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clergy claiming Apostolic succession, such as Catholics, Orthodox and Anglicans. ---------->
| ordination       =
| ordained_by      =
| consecration     = 1716
| consecrated_by   = Giorgio Spínola
| cardinal         = 29 November 1719
| created_cardinal_by = [[Pope Clement XI|Clement XI]]
| rank             = Cardinal Priest
<!---------- Personal details ---------->
| birth_name       =
| birth_date       = 12 November 1679
| birth_place      = [[Spanish Netherlands]]
| death_date       = 5 January 1759 (aged 79)
| death_place      = [[Mechelen]], [[Austrian Netherlands]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
| buried           = [[Mechelen Cathedral]]
| nationality      =
| religion         = Roman Catholic
| residence        =
| parents          =
| spouse           = <!-- or | partner = -->
| children         =
| occupation       =
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| previous_post    =
| education        =
| alma_mater       =
| motto            = Estote Miserecordes
| signature        =
| signature_alt    =
| coat_of_arms     =
| coat_of_arms_alt =
<!---------- Other ---------->
| other            =
}}
[[File:Tombae Funebris Mechliensis 01.JPG|thumb|Tomb in Mechelen Cathedral]]
'''Thomas Philip Wallrad de Hénin-Liétard d'Alsace''' named '''Cardinal d'Alsace'''<ref>Le cardinal Thomas-Philippe d'Alsace, archevêque de Malines et le Saint-Siège: correspondance tirée des Archives du Vatican, 1703-1759{{page number needed|date=February 2022}}</ref> ([[Brussels]], 12 November 1679 – 5 January 1759), was a [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal]] and [[Archbishop]] of [[Mechelen]], [[Belgium]]. He participated in four conclaves; during the [[Papal conclave, 1758|conclave of 1758]], in which he did not participate, he was Cardinal [[Protopriest]].
== Family ==
His father, [[Philippe-Louis de Hénin, 7th Count of Bossu]] was [[Knight of the Golden Fleece]]. He was the 11th [[Prince of Chimay]]: his family belongs to the family of [[House of Hénin|Hénin-Liétard]],<ref group=note>see also Jean-François-Gabriel de Hénin-Liétard</ref><ref>Nationaal Biografisch Woordenboek{{Full citation needed|date=February 2022}}</ref> His grandmother was a Princess of Arenberg and Chimay, she was a granddaughter of [[Charles de Ligne, 2nd Prince of Arenberg]]. [[Lodewijk Frans Verreycken, 1st Baron of Bonlez]] was his great-grandfather.
The brother of the Cardinal was married to Charlotte de Rouvroy, daughter of the [[Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon|Duke of Saint-Simon]], who mentioned the Cardinal in his writings.<ref name=appele>{{cite web|url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/le_coin_du_bibliophile_henin_lietard_cle491caa.pdf|author=Lionel Chénedé|date=May 2015|title= Thomas-Philippe-Louis de Hénin-Liétard d'Alsace-Boussu de Chimay appelé le cardinal d'Alsace (1679–1759)|lang=fr|website=diplomatie.gouv.fr}}</ref> One of his nephews [[Charles-Alexandre de Hénin-Liétard d'Alsace]], Count of Beaumont died in 1794 in Paris by [[guillotine]].
== Career ==
In 1696 he was a noble Canon of the Chapter of Ghent. He completed his studies in [[Cologne]] and was ordained as a priest on 15 October 1702, in Rome. He was created in 1712 a papal [[prelate]] of honour of [[Pope Clement XI]]. In 1714 he was approved by emperor [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]] as [[Bishop of Mechelen]]; his appointment as Archbishop took place on 16 December 1715. In 1716 he was ordained in Vienna by the Apostolic Nuncio to Austria: Mgr. Giorgio Cardinal Spínola. On 29 Nov 1719, age 40, he was named Cardinal, after his support in favor of the [[Papal bull|Bull]] of ''[[Unigenitus]]''. Cardinal d'Alsace was the first cardinal taking residence in Mechelen, since Cardinal [[Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle]] died. He went to Rome to be ordained by the pope. During the episcopate of Cardinal d'Alsace he constructed several important buildings: he had the episcopal palace rebuilt<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://visit.mechelen.be/aartsbisschoppelijk-paleis|title=Aartsbisschoppelijk Paleis|website=Visit Mechelen}}</ref> and a [[Major Seminary, Mechelen|new seminary]] constructed in Mechelen.
In 1747 he pleaded with King [[Louis XV of France|Louis XV]], who entered [[Brussels]], to have mercy on its inhabitants. The king requested a [[Te Deum]] in honour of the victory, but the Cardinal replied: "Only the blood of Christ flows on the altar!"<ref name=appele/>
After the anti-government disturbances, the [[Great Council of Mechelen|Great Council]] produced a high number of death penalties; the cardinal begged the emperor for mercy in 1720. This request was honoured by the Emperor.<ref>Noord en Zuid: Maendschrift voor Kunsten, letteren en wetenschappen, Volume 2{{full citation needed|date=February 2022}}</ref>
Upon the death of Cardinal [[Tommaso Ruffo|Ruffo]] on 18 February 1753, Cardinal d'Alsace became the last surviving Cardinal created by Pope Clement XI.
== Consecrations ==
He was consecrated Bishop during his career.
* [[Hendrik Jozef van Susteren]], bishop of Bruges. † (1716)
* Charles d’Espinoza, O.F.M. Cap, bishop of Antwerp. † (1723)
* [[Giuseppe Spinelli|Giuseppe Cardinal Spinelli]] † (1725)
* Thomas John Francis de Strickland de Sizorghe † (1727)
* [[Wilhelmus Delvau]]x, bishop of Ypres. † (1732)
* [[Maximiliaan Antoon van der Noot]], Bishop of Ghent. † (1743)
* [[Guillaume-Philippe de Herzelles]], bishop of Antwerp. † (1743)
* [[Jan-Baptist de Castillion]], bishop of Bruges † (1743)
* [[Daniel O'Reilly (bishop)|Daniel O’Reilly]] † (1748)
* [[Jan-Robert Caïmo]], bishop of Bruges † (1754)
== Culture==
He participated in the 1721 [[conclave]]. In 1738 he sent his private library of more than nine thousand books to the collection of the [[diocese]] and chapter of St Rumbold.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vlaamse-erfgoedbibliotheken.be/nieuws/2012/06/2440-bibliotheek-van-kardinaal-d%E2%80%99alsace-volledig-gecatalogiseerd|title='Bibliotheek van kardinaal d'Alsace' volledig gecatalogiseerd &#124; Vlaamse Erfgoedbibliotheken|website=vlaamse-erfgoedbibliotheken.be|lang=nl}}</ref> This collection was recognised as Flemish heritage last year and was conserved by the support of the Fund [[House of Baillet|Baillet Latour]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2016/12/16/vlaanderen_erkentuniekebibliotheekuit18eeeuwalsvlaamstopstuk-1-2845927/|title=Vlaanderen erkent unieke bibliotheek uit 18e eeuw als Vlaams Topstuk|date=16 December 2016|website= vrt.be}}</ref> He left an important gold embroidered pontifical ornament that he brought from Rome, and was restored by [[Henri Van Severen]].
He was buried inside the cathedral and succeeded by Cardinal [[Joannes-Henricus de Franckenberg]].
==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
| boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc;
| boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9;
| boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc;
| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc;
| boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe;
| 1 = 1. '''Thomas,<br />Cardinal d'Alsace'''
| 2 = 2. [[Philippe-Louis de Hénin, 7th Count of Bossu]]; Prince of Chimay
| 3 = 3. Anne-Louise Verreycken,<br />Baroness of Impden
| 4 = 4. Eugène de Hénin, 6th Count of Bossu
| 5 = 5. Anna-Isabella of Arenberg,<br />Princess of Chimay
| 6 = 6. Charles Verreycken,<br />1st Baron of Impden
| 7 = 7. Marguerite of Schoonhoven
| 8 = 8. [[Maximilien II de Hénin, 5th Count of Bossu]]
| 9 = 9. Alexandrin-Françoise of Gavre
| 10 = 10.Alexander of Arenberg, 7th Prince of Chimay;<br />(1590–1629)
| 11 = 11.Magdalene of Egmont
| 12 = 12. [[Lodewijk Frans Verreycken, 1st Baron of Bonlez|Lodewijk Frans Verreycken]],<br />1st Baron of Bonlez, Lord of Impden
| 13 = 13. Anne-Marie of Buysleden, Lady of Rode
| 14 = 14. Philippe of Schoonhoven, Lord of Waenrode
| 15 = 15. Josine of Blehen d'Abée
}}
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Sources==
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bdalsace.html Thomas Philip Wallrad d'Alsace-Boussut de Chimay]
== External links==
*{{commons category-inline}}
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{{Succession box
|    title=[[Archbishop of Brussels-Mechelen|9th Archbishop of Mechelen]]
|    before=[[Humbertus Guilielmus de Precipiano]]
|    after=[[Joannes-Henricus de Franckenberg]]
|    years=1715–1759 }}
{{S-end}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alsace-Boussut de Chimay, Thomas Philip Wallrad d'}}
[[Category:1679 births]]
[[Category:1759 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Belgian cardinals]]
[[Category:Book and manuscript collectors]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic archbishops of Mechelen-Brussels]]
[[Category:Canons (priests)]]
[[Category:Jansenism]]
[[Category:Hénin-Liétard|Thomas]]