View source for Three Colours: Red

{{Short description|1994 film by Krzysztof Kieślowski}}
{{Expand Polish|topic=cult|Trzy kolory. Czerwony|date=May 2024}}
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name           = Three Colours: Red
| image          = Three Colors-Red.jpg
| alt            =
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
| native_name    = {{Infobox name module|fr|Trois couleurs: Rouge}}
| director       = [[Krzysztof Kieślowski]]
| writer         = {{Plainlist|
* [[Krzysztof Piesiewicz]]
* Krzysztof Kieślowski
}}
| producer       = [[Marin Karmitz]]
| starring       = {{Plainlist|
* [[Irène Jacob]]
* [[Jean-Louis Trintignant]]
* [[Jean-Pierre Lorit]]
* Frédérique Feder
}}
| cinematography = [[Piotr Sobociński]]
| editing        = [[Jacques Witta]]
| music          = [[Zbigniew Preisner]]
| production_companies = {{Plainlist|
* mk2 Productions SA
* [[France 3 Cinéma]]
* CAB Productions SA
* TOR Production
* [[Canal+ (French TV channel)|Canal+]]
* [[Télévision Suisse Romande]]
}}
| distributor    = {{Plainlist|
* mk2 Diffusion (France)
* Rialto Film (Switzerland)
}}
| released       = {{Film date|df=y|1994|05|12|[[Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]]|1994|05|27|Poland|1994|08|31|Switzerland|1994|09|14|France}}
| runtime        = 99 minutes
| country        = {{Plainlist|
* Switzerland
* France
* Poland
}}
| language       = French
| budget         =
| gross          = $4 million<ref name="numbers">{{cite web |title=Trois couleurs: Rouge (1994) – Financial Information |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Trois-couleurs-Rouge#tab=summary |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]}}</ref>
}}
'''''Three Colours: Red''''' ({{langx|fr|Trois couleurs: Rouge}}, {{langx|pl|Trzy kolory: Czerwony}}) is a 1994 [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film co-written, produced and directed by [[Poland|Polish]] filmmaker [[Krzysztof Kieślowski]]. It is the final installment of the [[Three Colours trilogy|''Three Colours'' trilogy]], which examines the [[Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité|French Revolutionary ideals]]; it is preceded by ''[[Three Colours: Blue|Blue]]'' and then by ''[[Three Colours: White|White]]''. Kieślowski had announced that this would be his final film, planning to retire claiming to be through with filmmaking;<ref>{{cite news |author=Maslin |first=Janet |date=4 October 1994 |title=After 'Blue' and 'White', the Rosiness of 'Red' |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/10/04/movies/film-festival-review-after-blue-and-white-the-rosiness-of-red.html |access-date=2022-01-15}}</ref> he would die suddenly less than two years later. ''Red'' is about fraternity, which it examines by showing characters whose lives gradually become closely interconnected, with bonds forming between two characters who appear to have little in common.
''Red'' was released to universal critical acclaim and was nominated for three [[Academy Awards]], including [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]] for Kieślowski. It was also selected as the Swiss entry for the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] at the [[67th Academy Awards]], but was disqualified for not being a majority-Swiss production; its precedent however, submitted by Poland, was accepted although it did not secure a nomination.<ref name="Hitfix">{{Cite web |last=Lodge |first=Guy |date=September 20, 2012 |title=This year's foreign Oscar race reflects a growingly global medium |url=http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/this-years-foreign-oscar-race-reflects-a-growingly-global-medium |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002101748/http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/this-years-foreign-oscar-race-reflects-a-growingly-global-medium |archive-date=2 October 2015 |access-date=1 October 2015 |work=[[Hitfix]]}}</ref> Since then it has been widely regarded as the best film of the trilogy, Kieślowski's magnum opus, [[List of films voted the best|one of the best movies of all time, as well one of the greatest French-language films ever made.]]
==Plot==
Valentine Dussaut is a student at the [[University of Geneva]] who works part-time as a model. She often contacts her possessive boyfriend Michel, who is currently in England. During a photo shoot for a chewing gum advertising campaign, the photographer instructs Valentine to look sad as she poses against a red background.
While walking home one night, Auguste Bruner, Valentine's neighbour and a law student, drops his textbooks, one falling open to a particular chapter of the [[Swiss Criminal Code|Criminal Code]]. While driving home that same night, Valentine accidentally runs over Rita, a pregnant [[Belgian Shepherd|Malinois dog]]. She tracks down the dog's owner, a reclusive retired judge named Joseph Kern. When he shows no concern, Valentine takes Rita to a veterinarian and decides to keep her. She selects her favourite photo at the studio, rebuffing the photographer's sexual advances. Valentine later receives a sum of money from an anonymous sender at her apartment.
The next day, Valentine takes Rita for a walk, and the dog leads her back to Kern's house. Kern confirms that he sent the money for the veterinary expenses and tells Valentine to keep the dog. Inside his house, she catches him eavesdropping on a male neighbour's phone conversation with his male lover. She urges Kern to respect his neighbour's privacy; he challenges her to reveal the eavesdropping to the neighbour. Valentine goes next door to do so, but leaves without denouncing Kern after discovering the neighbour's daughter listening on the phone extension.
Kern tells Valentine that their actions will not affect the outcome of these people's lives. This reminds Valentine of her teenage brother, who discovered that he is not his father's biological son. Kern plays Valentine a phone conversation between Auguste and his girlfriend Karin. From his window, Kern and Valentine observe another male neighbour, whom Kern suspects is a heroin dealer, which upsets Valentine. When Kern correctly deduces that Valentine's brother is a heroin addict, she declares that she pities Kern and leaves.
That night, Kern writes letters to his neighbours and the police confessing his spying activities, resulting in a [[class-action lawsuit]]. Meanwhile, Auguste passes his exam to become a judge, crediting his success to the dropped textbook. Auguste's first case as a judge is Kern's trial. At court, Kern sees Karin meeting another man. Kern later reveals to Valentine that he turned himself in to see if she would come back. Valentine discusses her upcoming trip to England to visit Michel; Kern suggests that she take the ferry. Kern recounts a case where he wrongly acquitted a sailor. When Valentine asks about Kern's love life, he evades the question and discusses a recent dream in which Valentine was happy.
Unable to reach Karin by phone, Auguste climbs up to her flat and catches her having sex with another man. He takes his anger out on his dog by leaving it tied to a lamppost. Kern calls Karin's personalised weather service to inquire about the weather for the [[English Channel]] next week, which she predicts will be clear. Karin plans to sail there soon with her new boyfriend, who owns a yacht.
The day before Valentine leaves for England, she invites Kern to her fashion show. Afterwards, Kern elaborates on his dream with Valentine, in which she was 50 years old and happy with an unidentified man. He then reveals that the woman he loved died in an accident after he followed her across the English Channel. His last case as a judge involved his ex-girlfriend's lover. Before parting ways, Kern and Valentine plan to meet again in three weeks, when he will give her one of Rita's puppies.
Valentine boards the ferry to England. Auguste also boards the ferry, reunited with his dog. The next morning, Kern learns that a storm has hit the English Channel, causing both the ferry and the yacht with Karin and her boyfriend to sink. Watching the television coverage of the incident, it is revealed that only seven survivors were rescued: a barman, Julie and Olivier (from ''[[Three Colours: Blue|Blue]]''), Karol and Dominique (from ''[[Three Colours: White|White]]''), Auguste (without his dog), and Valentine. Upon seeing the news, Kern is relieved.
==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Irène Jacob]] as Valentine Dussaut
* [[Jean-Louis Trintignant]] as Joseph Kern
* Frédérique Feder as Karin
* [[Jean-Pierre Lorit]] as Auguste Bruner
* [[Samuel Le Bihan]] as the photographer
* Marion Stalens as the veterinarian
* Teco Celio as the barman
* Bernard Escalon as the record dealer
* Jean Schlegel as the neighbour
* {{ill|Roland Carey|fr}} as the drug dealer
* {{ill|Marc Autheman|fr}} as Michel (voice)
* [[Juliette Binoche]] as Julie Vignon
* [[Julie Delpy]] as Dominique Vidal
* [[Benoît Régent]] as Olivier Benôit
* [[Zbigniew Zamachowski]] as Karol Karol
}}
==Production==
Kieslowski said that ''Red'' was the most difficult film of the trilogy to write: "I've got everything I need to put across what I want to say, which is really quite complicated. Therefore, if the idea I've got in mind doesn't come across, it meant that either film is too primitive a medium to support such a construction or that all of us put together haven't got enough talent for it".<ref>{{cite web |last=Galea |first=Roberto |year=2012 |title=Three Colours Trilogy: Krzysztof Kieślowski |url=http://culture.pl/en/work/three-colours-trilogy-krzysztof-kieslowski |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304184939/https://culture.pl/en/work/three-colours-trilogy-krzysztof-kieslowski |archive-date=March 4, 2014 |access-date=1 May 2017 |website=Culture.pl}}</ref> The main theme of the score, "Bolero", was written before any filming took place. According to the filmmakers, it was meant to symbolize events that occur repeatedly in people's lives.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NkXmXozBYj4C&pg=PA168|title=Film Music|author1=Mark Russell|author2=James Edward Young|publisher=Focal Press|year=2000|isbn=9780240804415}}</ref>
Principal photography began from 01 March 1993 to 29 April 1993. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/87822/red#notes|title=Red|website=prod.tcm.com}}</ref>
==Analysis==
As in the previous two films, a single color dominates: numerous objects in the film are bright red, including the huge advertising banner featuring Valentine's facial profile. Several images recur throughout the film. Characters are often juxtaposed on different physical levels. The scenes between Valentine and Kern at his house never show the characters on the same level: Valentine either stands above him or sits below him. When Karin searches for Auguste, he hides on a walkway below her. During the climactic scene in the theater, Valentine stands on the stage, towering over Kern who is in the pit below. Telephone communication is important throughout, and so is broken glass (when Kern reveals his eavesdropping, his neighbors throw rocks through his windows, and at the end of the film Kern watches Valentine and Auguste on the news while watching the outside world through broken glass). Also, when Valentine is bowling, the camera moves down the line to where there sits a broken glass next to a packet of Marlboro cigarettes, which is the brand that Auguste smokes.
Biblical references relating to the Gospel of Matthew are also evident. The old man can be pictured as an Old Testament archetype, a God-like figure. Exploring biblical ideas in Red the questions of the judge being a 'God' figure is probably the one that has been explored most often. That he is as an Old Testament God, control over the wind and seas and predicts about people future. This film also depicts topics of the [[Philosophy of Law]] and the manner in which man acts in society, the relationship between the law, ethics and socially acceptable behavior and how not all of them coincide, particularly in the reflections by Judge Kern and some symbols related to Auguste.
[[Roger Ebert]] interpreted the film as an anti-romance, in parallel with ''Blue'' being an anti-tragedy and ''White'' being an anti-comedy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=March 9, 2003 |title=Three Colors Trilogy: Blue, White, Red |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-three-colors-trilogy-blue-white-red |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218124123/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-three-colors-trilogy-blue-white-red |archive-date=December 18, 2018 |access-date=October 6, 2022 |website=RogerEbert.com}}</ref>
==Reception==
===Critical response===
{{Expand section|date=May 2017}}
At the time of ''Red’s'' release, film critic Geoff Andrew responded positively in ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out London]]'': "While Kieślowski dips into various interconnecting lives, the central drama is the electrifying encounter between Valentine—caring, troubled—and the judge, whose tendency to play God fails to match, initially, the girl's compassion. It's a film about destiny and chance, solitude and communication, cynicism and faith, doubt and desire; about lives affected by forces beyond rationalization. The assured direction avoids woolly mysticism by using material resources—actors, color, movement, composition, sound—to illuminate abstract concepts. Stunningly beautiful, powerfully scored and immaculately performed, the film is virtually flawless, and one of the very greatest cinematic achievements of the last few decades. A masterpiece".<ref>{{cite web |last=Andrew |first=Geoff |date=July 21, 2014 |title=Three Colours: Red |url=https://www.timeout.com/london/film/three-colours-red |access-date=10 April 2018 |work=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out London]] |publisher=Time Out Group}}</ref>
Film critic [[James Berardinelli]] of Reelviews also lauded the film, giving it four out of four stars. He described it as a "subtle" masterpiece, also praising the film's "satisfying exploration of such complex and diverse themes as destiny and platonic love". The film went on to become his 18th greatest film of all time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Berardinelli |first=James |title=Three Colors: Red |url=https://www.reelviews.net/reelviews/three-colors-red |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=Reelviews Movie Reviews |language=en}}</ref> The trade magazine Variety was also enthusiastic about the film, highlighting the lead performances from Jacob and Trittingant.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nesselson |first=Lisa |date=1994-05-19 |title=Three Colors: Red |url=https://variety.com/1994/film/reviews/three-colors-red-1200437097/ |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=Variety}}</ref> The British Film magazine Empire described the film as a "superb example of French arthouse which is also very watchable".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Three Colors: Red - Movie Reviews |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1058966-red/reviews |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>
The film was included in the ''San Francisco Chronicle'''s "Hot 100 Films from the Past" in 1997.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hot 100 Films From the Past by ''San Francisco Chronicle'' Film Critics|publisher=[[Filmsite.org]]|url=http://www.filmsite.org/sfchron2.html|access-date=19 April 2009}}</ref> Altogether, ''Three Colors: Red'' received overwhelmingly positive reviews. It holds a 100% approval rating on [[Rotten Tomatoes]], based on 63 reviews, with an average rating of 8.8/10. Rotten Tomatoes' critical consensus reads: "A complex, stirring, and beautifully realized portrait of interconnected lives, ''Red'' is the captivating conclusion to a remarkable trilogy".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1058966-red/ |title=Three Colors: Red (Trois Couleurs: Rouge) (1994) |publisher=[[Fandango Media]]|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=28 February 2023}}</ref>  On Metacritic, it was assigned a score of 100 out of 100, based on 11 critic reviews, meaning "universal acclaim".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/three-colors-red |title=Three Colors: Red 1994 |publisher=[[Metacritic]] |accessdate=June 18, 2023}}</ref>
===Year-end lists===
* 1st – [[Desson Howe]], ''[[The Washington Post]]''<ref>{{citation|last=Howe|first=Desson|date=December 30, 1994|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1994/12/30/the-envelope-please-reel-winners-and-losers-of-1994/3cf88a79-b416-4c9a-8ff1-8e9c9a91df37/|title=The Envelope Please: Reel Winners and Losers of 1994|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=July 19, 2020}}</ref>
* 1st – [[Kevin Thomas (film critic)|Kevin Thomas]], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''<ref name = "LATimesYE">{{cite web|last=Turan|first=Kenneth|date=December 25, 1994|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-12-25-ca-12998-story.html|title=1994: YEAR IN REVIEW: No Weddings, No Lions, No Gumps |work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=July 20, 2020}}</ref>
* 2nd - [[Roger Ebert]], [[Chicago Sun-Times]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=December 31, 1994 |title=The Best 10 Movies of 1994 |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/roger-ebert/the-best-10-movies-of-1994 |access-date=March 17, 2022 |website=RogerEbert.com |language=en}}</ref> Ebert included the entire ''[[Three Colours trilogy|Three Colors Trilogy]]'' in his list; later, when he wrote about it a separate essay for "Great Movies" section, he noted that Red is "the best film among equals".<ref name=":0" />
* 2nd – [[Kenneth Turan]], ''Los Angeles Times''<ref name = "LATimesYE"/>
* 4th – [[James Berardinelli]], ''ReelViews''<ref>{{cite web|last=Berardinelli|first=James|url=https://preview.reelviews.net/comment/010295.html|title=Rewinding 1994 -- The Year in Film|date=January 2, 1995|website=ReelViews|access-date=July 19, 2020}}</ref>
* 8th – [[Janet Maslin]], ''[[The New York Times]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Maslin|first=Janet|date=December 27, 1994|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/12/27/movies/critic-s-notebook-the-good-bad-and-in-between-in-a-year-of-surprises-on-film.html|title=CRITIC'S NOTEBOOK; The Good, Bad and In-Between In a Year of Surprises on Film|work=The New York Times|access-date=July 19, 2020}}</ref>
* 8th – Robert Denerstein, ''[[Rocky Mountain News]]''<ref>{{cite news|last=Denerstein|first=Robert|date=January 1, 1995|title=Perhaps It Was Best to Simply Fade to Black|newspaper=Rocky Mountain News|page=61A|edition=Final}}</ref>
* 9th – Scott Schuldt, ''[[The Oklahoman]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Schuldt|first=Scott|date=January 1, 1995|url=https://oklahoman.com/article/2488346/oklahoman-movie-critics-rank-their-favorites-for-the-year-without-a-doubt-blue-ribbon-goes-to-pulp-fiction-scott-says|title=Oklahoman Movie Critics Rank Their Favorites for the Year Without a Doubt, Blue Ribbon Goes to "Pulp Fiction", Scott Says|work=The Oklahoman|access-date=July 20, 2020}}</ref>
* Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – [[Matt Zoller Seitz]], ''[[Dallas Observer]]''<ref>{{cite news|last=Zoller Seitz|first=Matt|date=January 12, 1995 |title= Personal best From a year full of startling and memorable movies, here are our favorites |work=[[Dallas Observer]]}}</ref>
* Top 10 (not ranked) – Howie Movshovitz, ''[[The Denver Post]]''<ref>{{cite news|last=Movshovitz|first=Howie|date= December 25, 1994 |title=Memorable Movies of '94 Independents, fringes filled out a lean year|newspaper=[[The Denver Post]]|page=E-1|edition=Rockies}}</ref>
===Awards and recognition===
* Nominated for three [[Academy Awards]]:
** [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]] – [[Krzysztof Kieślowski]]
** [[Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay|Best Original Screenplay]] – Krzysztof Kieślowski and Krzysztof Piesiewicz
** [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]] – Piotr Sobociński
* [[48th British Academy Film Awards|1996 BAFTA Awards]]:
** [[BAFTA Award for Best Direction|Best Director]] - Krzysztof Kieślowski (Nominated)
** [[BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay|Best Original Screenplay]] - Krzysztof Kieślowski and Krzysztof Piesiewicz (Nominated)
** Best Film Not in English Language - Martin Karmitz and Krzysztof Kieślowski (Nominated)
* [[1994 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes Film Festival]], [[Palme d'Or]] (nominated)<ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/2965/year/1994.html |title=Festival de Cannes: Three Colours: Red |access-date=2009-08-30|work=festival-cannes.com}}</ref>
* [[National Board of Review of Motion Pictures|National Board of Review]], [[National Board of Review Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]]
* [[New York Film Critics Circle Awards]], [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]]
* [[Bodil Awards]], [[Bodil Award for Best Non-American Film|Best European Film]]<ref name="Bodilprisen 1995">{{cite web |title=1995 |website=Bodilprisen |date=19 October 2015 |url=http://www.bodilprisen.dk/aar-for-aar/1995-2/ |language=Danish |access-date=29 June 2021}}</ref>
* [[National Society of Film Critics Awards 1994|National Society of Film Critics Awards]], [[National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]]
* [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards]], [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Film]]
* [[French Syndicate of Cinema Critics|French Syndicate of Cinema Critics Awards]], Best French Film
* [[Zbigniew Preisner]] won the [[César Award]] for Best Music
* [[César Award]] nominations:
** Best Film
** Best Actor – [[Jean-Louis Trintignant]]
** Best Actress – [[Irène Jacob]]
** Best Director – Krzysztof Kieślowski
** Best Writing – Krzysztof Kieślowski and Krzysztof Piesiewicz
* ''Red'' was selected by ''The New York Times'' as one of "The Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made".
* In 2007, the film was ranked at No. 33 by ''The Guardian'''s readers poll on the list of "40 greatest foreign films of all time".<ref>{{cite web|title=As chosen by you...the greatest foreign films of all time|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2007/may/11/1|website=[[The Guardian]]|date=11 May 2007}}</ref>
==Soundtrack==
{{main|Three Colors: Red (soundtrack)}}
==See also==
* [[List of films with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes]], a film review aggregator website
* [[List of submissions to the 67th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film]]
* [[List of Swiss submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{AllMovie title}}
* {{Mojo title}}
* {{TCMDb title}}
* [https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/2067-three-colors-a-hymn-to-european-cinema ''Three Colors: A Hymn to European Cinema''] – an essay by [[Colin MacCabe]] at [[The Criterion Collection]]
* [https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/2064-red-i-a-fraternity-of-strangers ''Red: A Fraternity of Strangers''] – an essay by Georgina Evans at The Criterion Collection
* [http://www.romangerodimos.com/on-location/revisiting-trois-couleurs-rouge/ Online Exhibition: On Location - Revisiting Trois Couleurs: Rouge] at Roman's Lab
{{Krzysztof Kieślowski}}
{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for ''Three Colours: Red''
|list =
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Foreign Language Film}}
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Foreign Language Film}}
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Foreign Language Film}}
{{Independent Spirit Award for Best International Film}}
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Foreign Language Film}}
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Foreign Language Film}}
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Foreign Language Film}}
{{Swiss submissions for the Academy Award}}
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Three Colors: Red}}
[[Category:1994 films]]
[[Category:1994 independent films]]
[[Category:1994 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1990s French films]]
[[Category:1990s French-language films]]
[[Category:Canal+ films]]
[[Category:Films about adultery]]
[[Category:Films about modeling]]
[[Category:Films directed by Krzysztof Kieślowski]]
[[Category:Films produced by Marin Karmitz]]
[[Category:Films scored by Zbigniew Preisner]]
[[Category:Films set in Geneva]]
[[Category:Films shot in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Krzysztof Kieślowski]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Krzysztof Piesiewicz]]
[[Category:France 3 Cinéma films]]
[[Category:French independent films]]
[[Category:French romantic drama films]]
[[Category:French-language romantic drama films]]
[[Category:French-language Swiss films]]
[[Category:Independent Spirit Award for Best Foreign Film winners]]
[[Category:Polish independent films]]
[[Category:Polish romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Swiss independent films]]
[[Category:Swiss romantic drama films]]