View source for Tornado outbreak of September 29, 1927

{{Short description|Extreme weather event in central US}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox storm
| name                 = Tornado outbreak of September 29, 1927
| image                = Draft20201226151054 007.jpg
| alt                  = Pile of collapsed timber and assorted bricks
| caption              = Damage from an F3 tornado along Enright Avenue in St. Louis
| active               = September 29, 1927
| tornadoes            = 15 confirmed
| fujitascale          = F3
| tornado duration     =
| highest winds        =
| hail                 =
| gusts                =
| casualties           = ≥ 82 fatalities, ≥ 620 injuries
| damages              = ≥ $22,000,000 (1927 USD)<ref>{{cite journal |title=The St. Louis Tornado of September 29, 1927|url= https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1927)55<405:TSLTOS>2.0.CO;2 |journal=Monthly Weather Review |publisher=National Weather Service |date=September 1927|volume= 55 |page= 405 |doi= 10.1175/1520-0493(1927)55<405:TSLTOS>2.0.CO;2 |issn= 1520-0493 |access-date=April 12, 2023 |last1= Hayes |first1= Montrose W. |issue= 9 |bibcode= 1927MWRv...55..405H |doi-access= free }}</ref>{{refn|group=nb|name=Losses|All losses are in 1927 [[United States dollar|USD]] unless otherwise noted.}}<br>≥ ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|22,000,000|1927|r=-4}}}} ({{CURRENTYEAR}} USD)
| affected             = [[Midwestern United States|Midwestern]] and Southern United States
| current advisories   =
| enhanced             = no
| notes                =
| partof               = the '''tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1927'''
}}
On Thursday, September&nbsp;29, 1927, an [[tornado outbreak|outbreak]] of at least 15&nbsp;[[Fujita scale#Rating classifications|significant]] tornadoes, including three&nbsp;F3&nbsp;tornadoes, killed at least 82&nbsp;people in the Central United States, particularly in [[Missouri]] and [[Illinois]]. The outbreak affected a broad expanse of the [[Midwestern United States|Midwestern]] and [[Southern United States]], including [[Oklahoma]], Missouri, [[Arkansas]], [[Iowa]], Illinois, and [[Indiana]]. The deadliest tornado was an estimated F3 which affected portions of [[Greater St. Louis]], killing at least 79&nbsp;people and injuring at least 550&nbsp;others. The tornado narrowly missed [[Downtown St. Louis]], striking north of the central [[business district]] before crossing the [[Mississippi River]].<ref name="Decatur">{{cite news |title=St. Louis Tornado Dead Total 84—Injured 671 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |url=http://www.gendisasters.com/missouri/11251/st-louis-mo-tornado-destruction-sep-1927|access-date=September 28, 2021 |work=[[Herald & Review|The Decatur Review]] |date=September 30, 1927 |location=St. Louis |publication-place=[[Decatur, Illinois]] |via=GenDisasters.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423020904/http://www.gendisasters.com/missouri/11251/st-louis-mo-tornado-destruction-sep-1927 |archive-date=2021-04-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="NWSClimo">{{cite web |title=WFO St. Louis CWA Tornado Climatology |website=National Weather Service [[List of National Weather Service Weather Forecast Offices|Weather Forecast Office]] St. Louis, MO |publisher=[[National Weather Service]] |url=http://www.crh.noaa.gov/lsx/?n=tor_climatology |access-date=September 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022150435/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/lsx/?n=tor_climatology |archive-date=October 22, 2012 |location=[[St. Charles, Missouri]] |date=January 5, 2011}}</ref><ref name="STLViolent">{{cite web |title=Violent (F4-F5)Tornadoes in the NWS St. Louis County Warning Area |url=http://www.crh.noaa.gov/lsx/?n=violent |website=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office St. Louis, MO |publisher=National Weather Service |access-date=September 28, 2021 |date=January 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022150427/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/lsx/?n=violent |archive-date=October 22, 2012 |location=St. Charles, Missouri}}</ref>{{refn|group=nb|An [[tornado outbreak|outbreak]] is generally defined as a group of at least six tornadoes (the number sometimes varies slightly according to local climatology) with no more than a six-hour gap between individual tornadoes. An [[tornado outbreak sequence|outbreak sequence]], prior to (after) the start of modern records in 1950, is defined as a period of no more than two (one) consecutive days without at least one [[Fujita scale#Rating classifications|significant]] (F2 or stronger) tornado.<ref>{{cite conference|conference=22nd Conf. Severe Local Storms |url=http://www.spc.noaa.gov/publications/schneider/otbrkseq.pdf |title=Tornado Outbreak Day Sequences: Historic Events and Climatology (1875–2003) |last1=Schneider |first1=Russell S. |last2=Brooks |first2=Harold E. |last3=Schaefer |first3=Joseph T. |author-link2=Harold E. Brooks |year=2004 |publisher=[[American Meteorological Society]] |location=Hyannis, Massachusetts |conference-url=https://ams.confex.com/ams/11aram22sls/techprogram/programexpanded_230.htm |access-date=September 17, 2019}}</ref>}}{{refn|group=nb|name=Fujita|The [[Fujita scale]] was devised under the aegis of scientist [[Ted Fujita|T. Theodore Fujita]] in the early 1970s. Prior to the advent of the scale in 1971, tornadoes in the United States were officially unrated.{{sfn|Grazulis|1993|p=141}}{{sfn|Grazulis|2001a|p=[https://archive.org/details/tornadonaturesul0000graz/page/131 131]}} While the Fujita scale has been superseded by the [[Enhanced Fujita scale]] in the U.S. since February&nbsp;1, 2007,<ref name="EFscale">{{cite web |last1=Edwards |first1=Roger |title=Enhanced F Scale for Tornado Damage |url=http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/ef-scale.html |website=The Online Tornado FAQ (by Roger Edwards, SPC) |publisher=[[Storm Prediction Center]] |access-date=February 25, 2016|date=March 5, 2015}}</ref> Canada used the old scale until April&nbsp;1, 2013;<ref name="FscaleCanada">{{cite web |title=Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF-Scale) |url=https://www.ec.gc.ca/meteo-weather/default.asp?lang=En&n=41E875DA-1 |website=Environment and Climate Change Canada |access-date=February 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220706/http://www.ec.gc.ca/meteo-weather/default.asp?lang=En&n=41E875DA-1 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |date=June 6, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> nations elsewhere, like the United Kingdom, apply other classifications such as the [[TORRO scale]].<ref name="TORROscale">{{cite web|title=The International Tornado Intensity Scale |year=2016 |url=http://www.torro.org.uk/tscale.php |website=Tornado and Storm Research Organisation |access-date=February 25, 2016 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305120332/http://www.torro.org.uk/tscale.php |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}{{refn|group=nb|name=Count|Historically, the number of tornadoes globally and in the United States was and is likely underrepresented: research by Grazulis on annual tornado activity suggests that, as of 2001, only 53% of yearly U.S. tornadoes were officially recorded. Documentation of tornadoes outside the United States was historically less exhaustive, owing to the lack of monitors in many nations and, in some cases, to internal political controls on public information.{{sfn|Grazulis|2001a|pp=251–4}} Most countries only recorded tornadoes that produced severe damage or loss of life.<ref name="TornadoClimaFAQ">{{cite web |last1=Edwards |first1=Roger |title=Tornado Climatology and Data |website=The Online Tornado FAQ (by Roger Edwards, SPC) |publisher=[[Storm Prediction Center]] |url=http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/#Climatology |access-date=February 25, 2016|date=March 5, 2015}}</ref> Significant low biases in U.S. tornado counts likely occurred through the early 1990s, when advanced [[NEXRAD]] was first installed and the [[National Weather Service]] began comprehensively verifying tornado occurrences.<ref name="CookSchaefer">{{harvnb|Cook|Schaefer|2008|p=3135}}</ref>}}
==Confirmed tornadoes==
{{Tornado Chart|Total = ≥ 15|FU = 4|F0 = ?|F1 = ?|F2 = 8|F3 = 3|F4 = 0|F5 = 0|Enhanced=no}}
===September&nbsp;29 event===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|+ Confirmed tornadoes – Thursday, September 29, 1927{{refn|group=nb|name=Date/Time|All dates are based on the local [[time zone]] where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in [[Coordinated Universal Time]] and dates are split at midnight [[Central Time Zone|CST/CDT]] for consistency.}}{{refn|group=nb|name=Width|Prior to 1994, only the average widths of tornado paths were officially listed.{{sfn|Brooks|2004|p=310}}}}
|-
! scope="col"  style="width:3%; text-align:center;"|[[Fujita scale|F#]]
! scope="col"  style="width:13%; text-align:center;" class="unsortable"|Location
! scope="col"  style="width:12%; text-align:center;" class="unsortable"|County / Parish
! scope="col"  style="width:5%; text-align:center;"|State
! scope="col"  style="width:6%; text-align:center;"|Time ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])
! scope="col"  style="width:6%; text-align:center;"|Path length
! scope="col"  style="width:6%; text-align:center;"|{{abbr|Max.|Maximum}} width
! scope="col"  style="width:49%; text-align:center;" class="unsortable"|Summary
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat2}} | F2
|NW of [[Checotah, Oklahoma|Checotah]]
|[[McIntosh County, Oklahoma|McIntosh]]
|[[Oklahoma|OK]]
|13:00–?
|{{convert|1|mi|km|sortable=on}}
|{{cvt|400|yd|m|sortable=on}}
|"Small" tornado affected a couple of farmsteads, destroying several barns and farmhouses. Eight people were injured and losses totaled $23,000.{{sfn|Grazulis|1993|p=814}}{{sfn|USWB|1927|p=424}}
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat2}} | F2
|[[Rudy, Arkansas|Rudy]] to SE of [[Mountainburg, Arkansas|Mountainburg]]
|[[Crawford County, Arkansas|Crawford]]
|[[Arkansas|AR]]
|15:29–?
|{{convert|7|mi|km|sortable=on}}
|{{cvt|100|yd|m|sortable=on}}
|Tornado damaged or destroyed 30 homes and a school, the latter of which partly collapsed, injuring five students out of 106. Cultivated and forested lands were heavily damaged. 20 people were injured and losses totaled $75,000.{{sfn|Grazulis|1993|p=814}}{{sfn|USWB|1927|p=424}}
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat2}} | F2
|SE of [[Audubon, Iowa|Audubon]]
|[[Audubon County, Iowa|Audubon]]
|[[Iowa|IA]]
|18:00–?
|{{convert|6|mi|km|sortable=on}}
|{{cvt|100|yd|m|sortable=on}}
|Tornado affected five farmsteads, destroying several barns. Losses totaled $4,000.{{sfn|Grazulis|1993|p=814}}{{sfn|USWB|1927|p=424}}
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat2}} | F2
|[[Brookfield, Missouri|Brookfield]]
|[[Linn County, Missouri|Linn]]
|[[Missouri|MO]]
|18:15–?
|{{unk}}
|{{unk}}
|Tornado destroyed a barn. Losses totaled $400.{{sfn|Grazulis|1993|p=814}}{{sfn|USWB|1927|p=424}}
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat3}} | F3
|[[Webster Groves, Missouri|Southern Webster Groves, MO]] to N of [[Downtown St. Louis|Downtown St. Louis, MO]] to [[Granite City, Illinois|Granite City, IL]]
|[[St. Louis County, Missouri|St. Louis (MO)]], [[Madison County, Illinois|Madison (IL)]]
|[[Missouri|MO]], [[Illinois|IL]]
|18:50–?
|{{convert|12|mi|km|sortable=on}}
|{{cvt|600|yd|m|sortable=on}}
|79 deaths – [[#St. Louis, Missouri–East St. Louis, Illinois|See section on this tornado]] – 550 people were injured and losses totaled $53&nbsp;million.
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|unk}} | FU
|[[Menlo, Iowa|Menlo]]
|[[Guthrie County, Iowa|Guthrie]]
|[[Iowa|IA]]
|19:30–?
|{{convert|2|mi|km|sortable=on}}
|{{unk}}
|Tornado downed structures, utility wires, and trees. Losses totaled $5,000.{{sfn|USWB|1927|p=424}}
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat3}} | F3
|[[French, Arkansas|French]] to S of [[Mammoth Spring, Arkansas|Mammoth Spring]]
|[[Fulton County, Arkansas|Fulton]]
|[[Arkansas|AR]]
|20:00–?
|{{convert|15|mi|km|sortable=on}}
|{{cvt|150|yd|m|sortable=on}}
|1 death – Tornado wrecked the village of French, destroying or damaging every structure, including two stores and three homes. An eight-room home was shorn of all but a single floorboard. 25 people were injured and losses totaled $15,000.{{sfn|Grazulis|1993|p=814}}{{sfn|USWB|1927|p=424}}
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat2}} | F2
|S of [[Morrisonville, Illinois|Morrisonville]]
|[[Christian County, Illinois|Christian]]
|[[Illinois|IL]]
|20:00–?
|{{convert|1|mi|km|sortable=on}}
|{{cvt|100|yd|m|sortable=on}}
|Tornado unroofed a home and destroyed a large barn nearby.{{sfn|Grazulis|1993|p=814}}
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|unk}} | FU
|[[Doniphan, Missouri|Doniphan]]
|[[Ripley County, Missouri|Ripley]]
|[[Missouri|MO]]
|21:00–?
|{{convert|10|mi|km|sortable=on}}
|{{unk}}
|"Tornado-like" circulation, up to {{convert|1|mi|km m yd|abbr=on}} wide, produced intermittent damage to crops, windows, and homes. Some homes were reportedly unroofed. Losses totaled $1,300.{{sfn|USWB|1927|p=424}}{{sfn|Reeder|1927|p=40}}
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat3}} | F3
|[[Cowden, Illinois|Northeastern Cowden]]
|[[Shelby County, Illinois|Shelby]]
|[[Illinois|IL]]
|21:00–?
|{{convert|12|mi|km|sortable=on}}
|{{cvt|200|yd|m|sortable=on}}
|2 deaths – Tornado destroyed a brick home, killing a couple inside. Three people were injured and losses totaled $10,000.{{sfn|Grazulis|1993|p=814}}{{sfn|USWB|1927|p=424}}
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat2}} | F2
|W of [[Corning, Arkansas|Corning, AR]] to [[Broseley, Missouri|Broseley, MO]]
|[[Clay County, Arkansas|Clay (AR)]], [[Butler County, Missouri|Butler (MO)]]
|[[Arkansas|AR]], [[Missouri|MO]]
|22:00–?
|{{convert|30|mi|km|sortable=on}}
|{{cvt|400|yd|m|sortable=on}}
|Tornado destroyed or damaged 16 homes in Missouri, injuring 11 people in the state.{{sfn|Grazulis|1993|p=814}}
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat2}} | F2
|NE of [[Chrisman, Illinois|Chrisman, IL]] to [[Indiana|IN]]
|[[Edgar County, Illinois|Edgar (IL)]], [[Vermillion County, Indiana|Vermillion (IN)]]
|[[Illinois|IL]], [[Indiana|IN]]
|23:00–?
|{{convert|12|mi|km|sortable=on}}
|{{cvt|100|yd|m|sortable=on}}
|Tornado destroyed or damaged several barns. Three people were injured and losses totaled $15,000.{{sfn|Grazulis|1993|p=814}}
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|unk}} | FU
|[[Conlogue, Illinois|Conlogue]]
|[[Edgar County, Illinois|Edgar]]
|[[Illinois|IL]]
|02:30–?
|{{unk}}
|{{unk}}
|Tornado reported.{{sfn|USWB|1927|p=424}}
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|cat2}} | F2
|[[Lurton, Arkansas|Northern Lurton]]
|[[Newton County, Arkansas|Newton]]
|[[Arkansas|AR]]
|04:00–?
|{{convert|1|mi|km|sortable=on}}
|{{unk}}
|Pair of tornadoes reportedly destroyed timberland, a home, and a school.{{sfn|Grazulis|1993|p=814}}{{sfn|USWB|1927|p=424}}
|-
|bgcolor=#{{storm colour|unk}} | FU
|[[Cates, Indiana|Cates]]
|[[Fountain County, Indiana|Fountain]]
|[[Indiana|IN]]
|{{unk}}
|{{unk}}
|{{unk}}
|Tornado formed from the same storm as the Chrisman F2. Losses totaled $65,000.{{sfn|USWB|1927|p=424}}
|}
===St. Louis, Missouri–East St. Louis, Illinois===
{{Infobox storm
| name                 = St. Louis, Missouri–East St. Louis, Illinois
| image                = 1927 St. Louis Tornado.jpg
| alt                  = Black-and-white photograph with beige tint showing downed tree limbs and wrecked roofs
| caption              = Damage on McPherson Avenue in St. Louis
| formed               = September 29, 1927<br>12:50 p.m. [[Central Time Zone|CST]] ([[UTC−06:00]])<br>[[St. Louis County, Missouri]]
| active               =
| dissipated           =
| lowest pressure      =
| lowest temperature   =
| tornadoes            =
| fujitascale          = F3
| tornado duration     =
| highest winds        =
| gusts                =
| maximum snow         =
| power outages        =
| total fatalities     = 72–79+ fatalities; 550+ injured
| damages              = $22&nbsp;million (1927 [[United States dollar|USD]]){{sfn|Grazulis|1993|p=814}}{{refn|group=nb|name=Losses}}<br>${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|22,000,000|1927|r=-4}}}} ({{CURRENTYEAR}} USD)
| affected             = [[Greater St. Louis]]
| current advisories   =
| enhanced             = no
| notes                =
}}
The '''1927 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado''' was a powerful and devastating [[tornado]] that struck [[St. Louis]], Missouri, on Thursday, September&nbsp;29, 1927, at about 1:00&nbsp;p.m. local [[standard time]]. The tornado is estimated to have reached at least F3 and possible F4 intensity on the [[Fujita scale]]. The 2nd deadliest tornado to occur in the St. Louis metropolitan area, it caused 79&nbsp;deaths—though totals vary from 72&nbsp;to 84—and injured more than 550&nbsp;people within a {{convert|7|to|12|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}}, {{convert|100|to|600|yd|m|adj=mid|-wide}} path. At one&nbsp;time it was the second-costliest tornado in U.S. history. More than 200&nbsp;city blocks were destroyed. St. Louis University High School was hit hard. The student chapel's roof collapsed, the gym's (now main offices) roof was damaged, an entire classroom caved in on a class, and other classrooms were damaged. All the windows were smashed. Luckily, no one was killed or badly injured. The tornado caused $150,000&nbsp;in damage to the school.{{sfn|Brooks|Doswell III|2001|pp=168–76}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grazulis |first1=Thomas P. |last2=Grazulis |first2=Doris |title=The United States' Worst Tornadoes |url=http://www.tornadoproject.com/alltorns/worstts.htm |website=The Tornado Project |publisher=Environmental Films |date=April 26, 2000 |access-date=August 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514002740/http://www.tornadoproject.com/alltorns/worstts.htm |archive-date=May 14, 2008 |location=[[St. Johnsbury, Vermont]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=September 29, 1927 (Tornado) |url=http://www.crh.noaa.gov/images/lsx/1927stltornado.pptx |accessdate=September 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027152259/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/images/lsx/1927stltornado.pptx|archive-date=2012-10-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Tim |last=O'Neil |url=http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/sept-the-nd-deadliest-storm-to-ever-hit-st-louis/article_7d13acbe-58bf-525b-b50d-560506df7324.html|title=Sept. 29, 1927: The 2nd deadliest storm to ever hit St. Louis |access-date=September 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=March 24, 2015 |title=Weather Trivia |website=National Weather Service |url=https://www.weather.gov/ddc/wxtrivia |access-date=2020-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=septrivia |website=National Weather Service |date=March 18, 2015 |url=https://www.weather.gov/ddc/septrivia |access-date=2020-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Missouri Climate Center |website=climate.missouri.edu |url=http://climate.missouri.edu/news/arc/apr2011.php |access-date=September 15, 2017}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[List of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks]]
**[[List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks]]
*[[List of tornadoes striking downtown areas of large cities]]
*[[1871 St. Louis tornado]]
*[[1896 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado]]
*[[St. Louis tornado outbreak of February 1959]]
*[[St. Louis tornado history]]
{{clear}}
==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=nb}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Sources==
*{{cite journal |last1=Brooks |first1=Harold E. |authorlink1=Harold E. Brooks |title=On the Relationship of Tornado Path Length and Width to Intensity |journal=[[Weather and Forecasting]] |date=April 2004 |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=310–19 |doi=10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0310:OTROTP>2.0.CO;2 |publisher=American Meteorological Society |location=Boston |bibcode=2004WtFor..19..310B |doi-access=free}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Brooks |first1=Harold E. |authorlink=Harold E. Brooks |last2=Doswell III |first2=Charles A. |date=February 2001 |title=Normalized Damage from Major Tornadoes in the United States: 1890–1999 |journal=[[Weather and Forecasting]] |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=168–76 |publisher=American Meteorological Society |url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/wefo/16/1/1520-0434_2001_016_0168_ndfmti_2_0_co_2.xml |doi=10.1175/1520-0434(2001)016<0168:NDFMTI>2.0.CO;2 |bibcode=2001WtFor..16..168B|doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Cook |first1=A. R. |last2=Schaefer |first2=J. T. |title=The Relation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to Winter Tornado Outbreaks|journal=[[Monthly Weather Review]] |publisher=[[American Meteorological Society]] |location=Norman, Oklahoma |publication-place=[[Boston]] |date=August 2008 |volume=136 |issue=8 |page=3135 |doi=10.1175/2007MWR2171.1 |bibcode=2008MWRv..136.3121C |doi-access=free}}
*{{cite book |last1=Grazulis |first1=Thomas P. |authorlink1=Thomas P. Grazulis |title=Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events |date=July 1993 |publisher=The Tornado Project of Environmental Films |location=[[St. Johnsbury, Vermont]] |isbn=1-879362-03-1}}
*{{cite book |last1=Grazulis |first1=Thomas P. |authorlink1=Thomas P. Grazulis|title=The Tornado: Nature's Ultimate Windstorm |isbn=978-0-8061-3538-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/tornadonaturesul0000graz |url-access=registration |date=2001a|publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]]|location=[[Norman, Oklahoma|Norman]]}}
*{{Cite book|last=Grazulis|first=Thomas P. |title=F5-F6 Tornadoes|publisher=The Tornado Project of Environmental Films|year=2001b |location=St. Johnsbury, Vermont}}
*{{cite journal|ref={{harvid|USWB|1927}} |author=[[National Weather Service#History|U.S. Weather Bureau]] |date=September 1927 |title=Severe local storms, September 1927|journal=[[Monthly Weather Review]]|volume=55|issue=9 |page=424|publisher=[[American Meteorological Society]] |location=Boston |doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1927)55<424:SLSS>2.0.CO;2 |bibcode=1927MWRv...55..424. |doi-access=free}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Reeder |first1=George |title=Special Storm Notes |department=Special Weather Summary |journal=Climatological Data |series=Missouri |date=September 1927 |volume=31 |issue=9 |page=40 |publisher=[[National Climatic Data Center]] |location=Columbia, Missouri |publication-place=[[Asheville, North Carolina]]|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/IPS/cd/cd.html}} <!-- The NOAA does not provide permanent urls to documents; you have to navigate to "Missouri" and "09-1927" to get a temporary link to the pdf -->
{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Tri-State Tornado|Tri-State (MO, IL, & IN)]] (1925)
| title  = Costliest U.S. tornadoes on Record
| years  = September 29, 1927
| after  = [[1953 Waco tornado outbreak#Waco, Texas|Waco, TX]] (1953)
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Portal bar|Missouri|Illinois|Tornadoes|Weather}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1927-09 St. Louis-East St. Louis tornado}}
[[Category:F3 tornadoes]]
[[Category:Tornadoes in Missouri]]
[[Category:Tornadoes in Illinois]]
[[Category:Tornado outbreaks]]
[[Category:1927 natural disasters in the United States|Tornado 1927-09]]
[[Category:September 1927 events|Tornado]]
[[Category:20th-century tornadoes]]
[[Category:1927 meteorology]]