View source for Toyota AZ engine

{{More citations needed|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox automobile engine
| name = Toyota AZ engine
| image = Toyota 2AZ-FE engine 001.JPG
| manufacturer = [[Toyota Motor Corporation]]
| production = 2000–2019
| predecessor = [[Toyota S engine]]
| successor = [[Toyota AR engine]]
| caption = 2AZ-FE engine
| configuration = [[Straight-4]]
| block = Aluminium
| head = Aluminium
| valvetrain = [[DOHC]] [[Multi-valve#Four valves|4 valves x cyl.]] with [[VVT-i]]
| length = {{convert|626|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|608|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|681|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| displacement = {{convert|1998|cc|L|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}}<br />{{convert|2362|cc|L|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}}
| bore = {{convert|86|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|88.5|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}
| stroke = {{convert|86|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|96|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}
| compression = 9.6:1, 9.8:1, 11.0:1, 12.5:1
| redline = 6500
| fueltype = [[Gasoline]]
| fuelsystem = [[Sequential multi-port fuel injection|Sequential MPFI]]<br />[[Gasoline direct injection|D-4 direct injection]]
| coolingsystem = [[Radiator (engine cooling)|Water-cooled]]
| power = {{Convert|145-240|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}
| torque = {{convert|190-325|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
| supercharger = [[Toyota Racing Development|TRD]] (on [[1st generation Scion tC]] and [[2nd generation xB]] only) 240bhp
}}
The '''Toyota AZ engine family''' is a [[straight-4]] [[piston engine]] series. The AZ series uses an aluminium engine block with cast iron [[cylinder liner]]s and aluminium [[DOHC]] cylinder head. The engine series features many advanced technologies including slant-[[squish (piston engine)|squish]] [[combustion chamber]]s, offset cylinder and crank centers, and the [[VVT-i]] continuously variable intake valve timing system. The aluminium engine measures {{convert|626|mm|in|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|608|mm|in|abbr=on}} wide, and {{convert|681|mm|in|abbr=on}} tall.
The cylinder block is an open-deck, midi-skirt die-cast aluminium type with cast-in iron liners and a die-cast aluminium lower [[crankcase]] and a stamped oil pan. The [[forged steel]] [[crankshaft]] is fully balanced with eight counterweights and supported by five [[main bearing]]s. A helical gear pressed in No. 3 counterweight drives twin contra-rotating balance shafts in the shaft housing within the lower crankcase.
The dual overhead camshafts are driven by a single-stage roller chain of {{convert|8|mm|in|abbr=on}} pitch, enabling a narrow included valve angle of 27.5°. The camshafts act on [[Multi-valve#Four valves|four valves per cylinder]] via bucket tappets. As in the recent [[Toyota]] engine practice, no clearance adjusting shim is employed. Valve diameters are {{convert|34|mm|in|abbr=on}} for intake and {{convert|29.5|mm|in|abbr=on}} for exhaust, with {{convert|8|mm|in|abbr=on}} lift for both intake and exhaust. The four-vane VVT-i device is fitted on the intake camshaft, altering timing by 50°. The valve cover is made of magnesium to save weight.
Fuel is injected sequentially via an ultra-fine-atomization injector with twelve small injection holes, each {{convert|0.18|mm|in|abbr=on}} in diameter. As in the smaller NZ engine, the new AZ adopts a plastic, built-up, and vibration-welded [[intake manifold]] integrating a large volume [[plenum chamber]] ({{convert|3.5|L|cuin|abbr=on}} volume including a {{convert|1.3|L|cuin|abbr=on}} resonator). [[Exhaust manifold]]s are of tubular construction with integrated catalytic converters.
The AZ is the replacement for the [[Toyota S engine|S engine]]. Its successor is the [[Toyota AR engine|AR engine]].
==Excessive oil consumption==
The 2AZ-FE engine in the 2007-2009 Camry and 2006-2009 Rav4 may burn excessive oil and is involved in this lawsuit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.classactionsnews.com/consumer/toyota-excessive-engine-oil-consumption-class-action-lawsuit|title = Toyota Oil Consumption Defect Lawsuit - Car Attorney}}</ref>  Other engines are also affected.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://media.fixed-ops.com/Toy_Campaigns/ze7-dlrltr.pdf | title=Warranty Enhancement Program – ZE7 | access-date=2024-08-03 | website=media.fixed-ops.com | publisher=Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.}}</ref> If this Toyota engine is burning more than {{convert|1|USqt|0}} of oil in {{convert|1200|mi|0}}, has less than {{convert|150000|mi|0}}, is less than 10 years old, and is located in the U.S., Toyota service will perform a free oil consumption test to determine if the engine is affected. There are approximately 1,715,200 vehicles covered by this Warranty Enhancement Program.
A similar campaign are also done in Japan by Toyota in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=エスティマなど　2AZエンジンの修理 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430090815/https://toyota.jp/recall/kaisyu/141126.html |website=Toyota.jp |access-date=15 December 2023 |language=Japanese |date=November 2014}}</ref>
==1AZ==
The ''1AZ'' line of engines have {{convert|1998|cc|L|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}} displacements.
===1AZ-FE===
The '''1AZ-FE''' is a {{convert|1998|cc|L|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}} version. Output is {{Convert|108|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} at 6000&nbsp;rpm with {{convert|190|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 4000&nbsp;rpm for the Camry Aurion version. Rav4 and Ipsum engines were rated at {{Convert|148-150|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 6000&nbsp;rpm and {{convert|142|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 4000&nbsp;rpm.
The 1AZ has a total displacement of {{convert|1998|cc|L|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}} with {{convert|86x86|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} bore and stroke, and a compression ratio of 9.6:1.
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* 2002-2006 [[Toyota Camry]] ([[Southeast Asia]]n/[[Taiwan]]ese version)
* 2006–2009 [[Toyota Camry]] ([[Toyota Aurion|Aurion]] version)
* 2000–2003 [[Toyota RAV4]]
* 2003-2006 Toyota RAV4 Euro
* 2001–2009 [[Toyota Ipsum]]
* 2004–2008 [[Toyota Wish]] (Southeast Asian/Taiwanese version)
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===1AZ-FSE===
The '''1AZ-FSE''' is a {{convert|1998|cc|L|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}} version.  Bore and stroke is {{convert|86x86|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}, and a compression ratio of 11.0:1. Output is {{convert|149|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5700&nbsp;rpm with {{convert|196|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 4000&nbsp;rpm. The 1AZ-FSE features Toyota's D-4 [[Gasoline direct injection|direct injection]] system.
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* [[Toyota Avensis]]
* [[Toyota Avensis Verso]]
* [[Toyota Noah|Toyota Noah/Voxy]]
* [[Toyota RAV4]]
* [[Toyota Gaia]]
* [[Toyota Isis]]
* [[Toyota Ipsum]]
* [[Toyota Caldina]]
* [[Toyota Wish]]
* [[Toyota Nadia]]
* [[Toyota Allion]]
* [[Toyota Premio]]
* [[Toyota Opa]]
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==2AZ==
The ''2AZ'' line of engines have {{convert|2362|cc|L|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}} displacements.
===2AZ-FE===
The '''2AZ-FE''' is a {{convert|2362|cc|L|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}} version built in Japan (Kamigo Plant and by Toyota Industries Corporation), at [[Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky|TMMK]] in the USA and also built in China for select Scion xB models, and also in Australia, obtains a total displacement of {{convert|2362|cc|L|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}} with {{convert|88.5x96|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} bore and stroke, with a compression ratio of 9.6:1. Output is {{convert|160|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 5600&nbsp;rpm; {{convert|220|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 4000&nbsp;rpm.
Later versions of the 2AZ-FE engine were upgraded with 9.8:1 compression ratio, a slightly more aggressive intake cam profile, 6500&nbsp;rpm redline, and piston oil squirters. These later versions are rated at {{convert|161|hp|0|abbr=on}} in the Scion tC, {{convert|177|hp|0|abbr=on}} in the RAV4, and {{convert|158|hp|0|abbr=on}} in the Camry, Corolla XRS, Scion xB, and  {{convert|177|hp|0|abbr=on}} for the Previa/Estima/[[Toyota Alphard|Alphard]].
Japan-made Toyota vehicles with the 2AZ-FE engine were equipped with the [[Toyota K CVT transmission#K112|K112]] transmission also referred to as 7-speed Super CVT-i automatic (Seven-speed Sequential Shiftmatic) from October 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://global.toyota/en/detail/246605|title = Toyota Launches New RAV4 in Japan &#124; Toyota Motor Corporation Official Global Website}}</ref>
However, these later 2AZ-FE models were the first to be rated under the new [[SAE International|SAE]] J1349 standard.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} The new standard usually produces more conservative numbers, though no definitive comparison is available since the two versions were never tested by the same standard. The RAV4 uses a different timing chain cover from the Camry, they can however be interchanged.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}
A [[Toyota Racing Development|TRD]] supercharger was available for the Scion tC and 2nd generation xB until Spring 2009.
There have been complaints of this engine "burning oil" in North America, with the issue starting after {{convert|45000|mi}}, though mostly after {{convert|60000-75000|mi}}. Piston ring design has been identified as a potential problem. Toyota has issued a TSB (Technical service bulletin) TSB #0094-11 in August 2011 but has not issued a recall. Alternative theories point to a head gasket problem: the 2AZ-FE aluminum block threads may wear out on the back three middle bolts (closest to firewall).{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}} Check TSB SB-0015-11.
There are several class-action lawsuits underway regarding this issue. In January 2015, Toyota North America issued extended warranty notification (ZE7) for this issue for Toyota North America vehicles only.
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* 2002–2011 [[Toyota Camry]] in Australia. ACV40R
* 2009–2011 [[Toyota Matrix]] S (USA)/XR (Canada)/XRS
* 2009–2010 [[Pontiac Vibe]]
* 2009–2010 [[Toyota Corolla]] XRS (2011-2013 only in Mexico and in Canada)
* 2002–2008 [[Toyota Camry Solara]]
* 2004–2012 [[Toyota RAV4]]
* 2000–2007 [[Toyota Highlander|Toyota Highlander/Kluger]]
* 2000−2013 [[Toyota Harrier]]
* 2000-2019 [[Toyota Estima]] /  [[Toyota Previa]] / [[Toyota Tarago]]
* 2001-2010 [[Toyota Ipsum]]
* 2002−2015 [[Toyota Alphard]]
* 2008−2015 [[Toyota Vellfire]]
* 2006−2012 [[Toyota Blade]]
* 2003-2009 [[Toyota Avensis]]
* 2005–2010 [[Scion tC]]
* 2008–2015 [[Scion xB]]
* 2007-2013 [[Toyota Mark X ZiO]]
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===2AZ-FSE===
The '''2AZ-FSE''' is a {{convert|2362|cc|L|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}} version. Bore and stroke is {{convert|88.5x96|mm|2|abbr=on}}, and a compression ratio of 11.0:1. Output is {{convert|163|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5800&nbsp;rpm with {{convert|231|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 3800&nbsp;rpm. The 2AZ-FSE features Toyota's D-4 [[Gasoline direct injection|direct injection]] system.
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* [[Toyota Avensis]]
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===2AZ-FXE===
The '''2AZ-FXE''' is an [[Atkinson cycle]] variant of the '''2AZ-FE'''. It has the same bore and stroke, but the intake cam and pistons are unique. It has a physical [[compression ratio]] of 12.5:1.
The longer than normal open intake valve duration leads to a reduction in cylinder charge and reduced torque and power output, but efficiency is increased. This combination makes the 2AZ-FXE suitable for use only in [[hybrid vehicle]]s, where peak torque and power demands can be met by the [[electric motor]] and [[Battery (electricity)|battery]].
Maximum output when used in the Camry hybrid is {{convert|211|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 6000&nbsp;rpm with {{convert|257|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 4400&nbsp;rpm.
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* 2003–2014 [[Toyota Alphard]] Hybrid
* [[Toyota Estima]] Hybrid
* 2007–2011 [[Toyota Camry Hybrid]] AHV40
* 2010–2014 [[Lexus HS 250h]]
* 2009–2017 [[Toyota Sai]]
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==See also==
{{commons category|Toyota AZ engines}}
* [[List of Toyota engines]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Toyota engines|AZ]]
[[Category:Straight-four engines]]
[[Category:Gasoline engines by model]]