View source for Transport in Egypt

{{Short description|Ministry of Transportation in Arab Republic of Egypt}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Life in Egypt}}
'''[[Transport]] in [[Egypt]]''' is centered in [[Cairo]] and largely follows the pattern of settlement along the [[Nile]]. The [[Ministry of Transportation (Egypt)|Ministry of Transportation]] and other government bodies are responsible for transportation in Egypt, whether by sea, river, land or air.
With regards to rail, air and waterway travel, the main line of the nation's rail system follows along the Nile river and is operated by [[Egyptian National Railways]]. In addition to overseas routes, [[Egypt Air]] provides domestic air service to major tourist destinations from its Cairo hub. The Nile River system (about {{Convert|1600|km|mi|abbr=on}}) and the principal canals ({{Convert|1600|km|mi|abbr=unit}}) are important locally for transportation. People still travel via the Nile, mainly between Cairo and Aswan. The [[Suez Canal]] is a major waterway for international commerce and navigation, linking the [[Mediterranean]] and [[Red Sea]]. Major ports are [[Alexandria]], [[Port Said]], [[Damietta]] on the Mediterranean and [[Suez]] and [[Safaga]] on the Red Sea.
With regards to driving, Egypt has one of the highest incidents of road fatalities, per miles driven, in the world.<ref name=travel>[https://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1108.html "Egypt"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022140939/http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1108.html |date=2013-10-22 }}. [[Travel.state.gov]] (March 19, 2008). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].''</ref> The badly maintained road network has expanded rapidly to over {{Convert|33796|km|mi|abbr=unit}}, covering the [[Nile Valley]] and [[Nile Delta]], [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] and [[Red Sea]] coasts, the [[sinai peninsula|Sinai]] and the Western oasis. Traffic rules are routinely ignored by impatient drivers.<ref name=travel/><ref name="Accident_2015">{{cite news |title=Two Ukrainian tourists killed in Hurghada bus crash |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/130009/Egypt/Politics-/UPDATED-Two-Ukrainian-tourists-killed-in-Hurghada-.aspx |access-date=20 September 2018 |work=English Ahram |date=12 May 2015}}</ref>
==Road system==
{{main|National Roads Project}}
[[File:Qesm Marsa Alam, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt - panoramio (6).jpg|thumb|280px|Road in [[Marsa Alam]].]]
Two routes in the [[Trans-African Highway network]] originate in [[Cairo]]. Egypt also has multiple highway links with [[Asia]] through the [[Arab Mashreq International Road Network]].
Egypt has a developing [[motorway]] network, connecting Cairo with Alexandria and other cities. Though most of the transport in the country is still done on the national highways, motorways are becoming increasingly an option in road transport within the country. The existing motorways in the country are:
*[[Cairo–Alexandria desert road|Cairo - Alexandria Desert Road]]: It runs between [[Cairo]] and [[Alexandria]], with an extension of {{Convert|215|km|mi|abbr=unit}}, it is the main motorway in Egypt.
*[[International Coastal Road]]: It runs from [[Alexandria]] to [[Port Said]], along the Northern Nile Delta. It has a length of {{Convert|280|km|mi|abbr=unit}}. Also, amongst other cities, it connects [[Damietta]] and [[Baltim]].
*Geish Road: It runs between [[Helwan]] and [[Asyut]], along the Nile River, also connecting [[Beni Suef]] and [[Minya, Egypt|Minya]]. Its length is {{Convert|306|km|mi|abbr=unit}}.
*[[Ring Road (Cairo)|Ring Road]]: It serves as an inner ring-road for [[Cairo]]. It has a length of {{Convert|103|km|mi|abbr=unit}}.
*[[Regional Ring Road (Egypt)|Regional Ring Road]]: It serves as an outer ring road for [[Cairo]], also connecting its suburbs like [[Helwan]] and [[10th of Ramadan City]]. Its length is {{Convert|130|km|mi|abbr=unit}}.
Plus, Egypt has developed an extensive system of 4-lane highways that can be classified as [[Controlled-access highway|freeways]], because they serve as normal roads and do not discriminate the traffic on it, thus rendering them slower than motorways.
== Railways ==
{{Main|Egyptian National Railways}}
[[File:Railways in Egypt.svg|thumb|Egypt railway network<br/><br/>{{RailGauge|1435mm|allk=on|al=on}}]]
The Egyptian railway system is the oldest railway network in [[Africa]] and the [[Middle East]] and the second oldest in the world {{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}. The first line between [[Alexandria]] and [[Kafer Eassa]] was opened in 1854. In 2018, the system is about {{Convert|5085|km|mi|abbr=unit}} long<ref name="CIA World Factbook" /> and is operated by the [[Egyptian National Railways]]. ENR carries about 800 million passengers and 12 million tonnes of freight annually.
A major investment programme was planned to begin in 2007 with the aim of modernizing the rail network and improving safety standards.<ref>[http://www.railwaygazette.com/features_view/article/2007/08/7643/egyptian_investment_will_raise_safety_standards.html Egyptian investment will raise safety standards] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023213414/http://www.railwaygazette.com/features_view/article/2007/08/7643/egyptian_investment_will_raise_safety_standards.html |date=2007-10-23 }}. ''[[Railway Gazette International]]'' August 2007.</ref> Trains are usually a safe means of transportation in Egypt.<ref name=travel/>
The city of Cairo is served by the [[Cairo Metro]], which is run by the National Authority for Tunnels, in addition to the city of [[Alexandria]] that is served by the [[Alexandria Tram]]
[[File:The Railway System of Egypt.jpg|thumb|The Railway System of Egypt]]
== Waterways ==
There are {{Convert|3500|km|mi|abbr=unit}} of waterways in Egypt, including the [[Nile]], [[Lake Nasser]], Alexandria-Cairo Waterway, and many smaller canals in the [[Nile Delta]].
[[File:Container Ship 'Ever Given' stuck in the Suez Canal, Egypt - March 24th, 2021 cropped.jpg|thumb|Satellite image of ''[[Ever Given]]'' blocking the canal in March 2021]]
The [[Suez Canal]], {{Convert|193.5|km|mi|abbr=unit}} (including approaches), is used by oceangoing vessels, drawing up to 17.68 m of water (2011).<ref name="CIA World Factbook" />
== Pipelines ==
As of 2018 the information in the CIA World Factbook states the following regarding Egypt's pipelines: "condensate 486 km; condensate/gas 74 km; gas 7,986 km; liquid petroleum gas 957 km; oil 5,225 km; oil/gas/water 37 km; refined products 895 km; water 65 km (2013)"<ref name="CIA World Factbook">{{cite web |title=Africa - Egypt - Transportation |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/egypt/ |website=CIA World Factbook |access-date=16 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="Map of Pipelines">{{cite web
|title=Eastern Mediterranean Pipelines
|url=https://energyegypt.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/pipeline_scipione_eng.jpg |website=Energy Egypt |access-date=16 September 2018}}</ref>
== Ports==
Egypt has 15 commercial ports<ref name="Commercial Ports">{{cite web |title=Commercial Ports |url=http://mts.gov.eg/en/sections/10/1-10-Commercial-Ports |website=Maritime Transport Sector - Government of Egypt |publisher=Egypt Government |access-date=17 September 2018}}</ref> and 29 specialized ports. The specialized ports include 5 tourist seaports, 12 petroleum seaports, 6 mining seaports, and
6 fishing seaports.<ref name="MTS_General_Stats">{{cite web |title=General Statistics |url=http://mts.gov.eg/en |website=Maritime Transport Services |access-date=17 September 2018}}</ref>
===Commercial Ports===
* [[Alexandria Port]]
* El-Dekheila Port
* [[Damietta Port]]
* Port Said Port
* [[Suez Canal Area Development Project#East Port-said Port|East Port Said Port]]
* [[Suez Canal Area Development Project#Arish Port|Arish Port]]
* [[Suez Port]]
* [[Suez Port#Geography|Petroleum Dock Port]]
* [[Suez Canal Area Development Project#El-Adabiya Port|Adabiya Port]]
* [[Suez Canal Area Development Project#El-Sokhna Port|Sokhna Port]]
* Nuwaiba Port
* Al-Tour Port
* [[Sharm El Sheikh#Economy and tourism|Sharm El Sheikh Port]]
* Hurghada Port
* [[Safaga|Safaga Port]]
== Merchant marine ==
In 2018, the number of Egypt's sea vessels, according to the CIA World Factbook is 399 as follows:
* [[bulk carrier]]: 14
* [[container ship]]: 8
* [[Cargo ship|general cargo]]: 33
* [[oil tanker|petroleum tanker]]: 36
* Other: 308 (2017)
== Airports ==
{{main list|List of airports in Egypt}}
{{Airport-Statistics|iata=CAI}}
[[Cairo International Airport]] is used by numerous international airlines, including the country's own [[Egypt Air]] and [[Nile Air]].
===Airports with paved runways===
''total:'' 72
''over 3,047 m:'' 15
''2,438 to 3,047 m:'' 36
''1,524 to 2,437 m:'' 15
''914 to 1,523 m:'' 0
''under 914 m:'' 6 (2017)
===Airports with unpaved runways===
''total:'' 11
''2,438 to 3,047 m:'' 1
''1,524 to 2,437 m:'' 3
''914 to 1,523 m:'' 4
''under 914 m:'' 3 (2013)
== Heliports ==
* 7 (2013)
== Monorail ==
{{main|Cairo Monorail}}
In 2015, plans to construct two [[monorail]] systems were announced, one linking October City to suburban Giza, a distance of 35&nbsp;km, and the other linking Nasr City to New Cairo and the New Administrative Capital, a distance of 52&nbsp;km. They will be Egypt's first monorail systems.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-orascom-bombardier-egypt-idUSKBN0NO0O620150503|title=Orascom, Bombardier to build $1.5 billion monorail in Egypt|date=3 May 2015|work=Reuters|access-date=29 May 2019|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.egyptindependent.com/egypt-build-countrys-first-ever-monorail-cairo/|title=Egypt to build country's first ever monorail in Cairo|last=Tawfeek|first=Farah|date=21 December 2019|website=www.egyptindependent.com|access-date=29 May 2019}}</ref> In May 2019, the contract to build 70 four-car trains was awarded to Bombardier Transportation, Derby, England. Delivery of the trains is expected between 2021 and 2024.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-derbyshire-48435983|title=Cairo monorail trains to be built in UK|date=28 May 2019|work=BBC News|access-date=29 May 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref> The network is to be built by [[Orascom Construction]] and [[Arab Contractors]].
==See also==
* [[Transport in Cairo]]
* [[Arab Union for Land Transport Company]]
* [[List of bus companies#Egypt|List of bus companies in Egypt]]
* [[List of lighthouses in Egypt]]
==External links==
* [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/egypt_pol97.jpg Map]
* [https://enr.gov.eg Egyptian National Railways]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180224032639/http://bus.com.eg/ The Holding Company for Maritime and Land Transport] (archived 24 February 2018)
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{CIA World Factbook}}
{{Economy of Egypt}}
{{Asia in topic|Transport in}}
{{Africa in topic|Transport in}}
{{Motorways in Africa}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Transport In Egypt}}
[[Category:Transport in Egypt| ]]