View source for Tsori

{{short description|Rural locality in Ingushetia}}
{{For|the biblical medicinal plant called Tsori|Commiphora|Balm of Gilead}}
{{Infobox Russian settlement
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'''Tsori''' ({{langx|ru|Цори}}, {{langx|inh|Цхьори|Tsḥori}}) a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|rural locality]] (a ''[[village#Russia|selo]]'') in [[Dzheyrakhsky District]] of [[Ingushetia]]. It is part of the {{ill|Guli rural settlement|ru|Сельское поселение Гули}}.{{sfn|''Zakon Respubliki Ingushetia ot 23 fevralya 2009 goda''}}
Tsori is the ancestral settlement of [[Ingush people|Ingush]] clan (''[[teip]]'') of [[Tsoroy]] ({{langx|inh|Цхьо́рой}}) and the historical center of [[Tsorins|Tsorin society]].
[[File:Ингушский округ на Дорожной карте Кавказского края 1853 г. (186(4).jpg|thumb|250px|The village of '''Tsori''' on the map of the Ingush district in 1853.]]
[[File:Ингушский округ на карте Кавказского края (1869 г.).jpg|thumb|250px|The village of '''Tsori''' on the map of the Ingush district in 1869.]]
[[File:Карта Терской Области, 1892 г. (Сунженский отдел).jpg|thumb|250px|The village '''Tsori''' on the map of Sunzhensky (Ingush) otdel in 1892]]
== Name ==
The toponym is of ancient origin. It splits into two parts: Tsḥor-e, the "-e/-ye" part being a [[suffix]] of [[Ingush language]].{{sfn|Kurkiev|1979|pp=215, 225}} The "Tshor-" part is associated by {{ill|Akhmad Suleymanov|ru|Сулейманов, Ахмад Сулейманович}} with the Ingush word ''tsḥar'' ({{lang|inh|цхьар}}) which means mail mesh helmet that covers the face and neck of a warrior.{{sfn|Suleymanov|1978|p=65}} Ethnonym Tsoroy (a ''[[teip]]'') takes its name from Tsori.{{sfn|Kurkiev|1979|p=230}}
== History ==
Historically, Tsori was the center of [[Tsorins|Tsorin society]]. In the second half of the 18th century (1770s), the German researcher [[Johann Anton Güldenstädt|J.A. Güldenstädt]] indicated Tsori among the total number of [[Ingush people|Ingush]] villages and districts.{{sfn|Гюльденштедт|2002|page=241}}
On 13 June 1785, a large Chechen force consisting of 500 men approached Tsori, in order to sack it. Learning of the plot, Tsorins attacked the Chechens during the night and defeated them.{{sfn|Доклад о границах и территории Ингушетии|2021|page=80}}
In 1832, due to the collaboration of [[Ingush people|Ingush]] with [[Ghazi Muhammad|Kazi-Mulla]] and the murder of a bailiff, Baron Rozen led a punitive expedition on Ingush and went through [[Dzheyrakh]] and [[Metskhal]] around [[Khamkhi]] and Tsori.{{sfn|Генко|1930|pages=689—690}}
Baron F.F. Tornau, in his memoirs of the ''Ghalghai expedition'' at the end of June 1832, when approaching Tsori, reported that the main forces of the Ghalghaï entrenched themselves near Mount [[Khay (village)|Gai (Khai)]], and arranged a powerful rockfall against the equestrian avant-garde, stopping any progress forward.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airo-xxi.ru/makarov/tornau1.htm|title=Барон Ф.Ф. Торнау и его воспоминания|last=Макарова|first=С.Э.}}</ref> In their description of the siege of Tsori, both generals Blaramberg and Tornau recall the difficulty of conquering one of the Tsori towers in which two Ghalghaï men barricaded themselves whilst fighting off a convoy of 3000 soldiers for 3 straight days. After several unsuccessful attempts the tower was mined with explosives and destroyed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=opBTAAAAcAAJ&dq=Expedition+gegen+die+Galga%C3%AFer+zwei&pg=PR19|title=Erinnerungen aus dem Leben des Kaiserlich Russischen General-Lieutenant Johann von Blaramberg|last=Blaramberg|first=I.F.|date=1872|publisher=«Schroeder»|pages=281–295}}</ref>
In 1842, [[Naib]] {{ill|Muhammad Akhberdil|ru|Ахбердил Мухаммед}} made a raid on Tsori, from which he received serious injuries and would later die from them.{{sfn|Берже|1859|p=[https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/000199_000009_003574059?page=60&rotate=0&theme=white 111]}}{{sfn|Дубровин|1871|p=469}}{{sfn|Юров|1883|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=JiuvbmO6MQsC&pg=P216 216]}}
== Demographics ==
In 1883, Tsori had population of 260 completely consisting of [[Ghalghaï]] (Ingush){{sfn|Списокъ населенныхъ мѣстъ Терской области: По свѣдѣніям къ 1-му января 1883 года|1885|page=18}}
The 1926 census showed that the majority of the village was ethnic Chechen (25 people) while the Ingush were a large minority (23 people).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vivaldi.dspl.ru/bx0000120/view/#page=404 | title=Поселенные итоги переписи 1926 года по Северо-Кавказскому краю – Донская Государственная Публичная Библиотека – Vivaldi }}</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== Bibliography ==
=== Russian sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|last=Берже|first=А. П.|author-link=Adolf Berge|year=1859|url=https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/000199_000009_003574059?page=1&rotate=0&theme=white|title=Чечня и Чеченцы|trans-title=Chechenya and Chechens|language=ru|location=Тф.|publisher=Тип. Главного Управления Наместника Кавказского|pages=1–140}}
* {{Cite book|last=Генко|first=А. Н.|year=1930|chapter-url=https://dzurdzuki.com/download/genko-a-n-iz-kulturnogo-proshlogo-ingushej-1930/|chapter=Из культурного прошлого ингушей|trans-chapter=From the cultural past of the Ingush|title=Записки коллегии востоковедов при Азиатском музее|trans-title=Notes of the College of Orientalists at the Asian Museum|language=ru|volume=5|location=Ленинград|publisher=Издательство Академии наук СССР|pages=681–761}}
* {{Cite book|last=Гюльденштедт|first=И. А.|author-link=Johann Anton Güldenstädt|editor-last=Карпов|editor-first=Ю. Ю.|year=2002|url=https://m.vk.com/doc1410483_134540385?hash=zZqZhWUsc5s022Zy3paTaVCbzyGkd62AGTWq7OhkwTk&dl=caZBlNQ91bvGnzhJXwuX7czz7ykMf3WXumFCOGE9DLk|title=Путешествие по Кавказу в 1770–1773 гг..|trans-title=Journey through the Caucasus in 1770–1773.|language=ru|translator-last=Шафроновской|translator-first=Т. К.|location=Санкт-Петербург|publisher=Петербургское Востоковедение|pages=1–508|isbn=5-85803-213-3}}
* {{Cite book|last=Дубровин|first=Н. Ф.|year=1871|url=https://m.vk.com/doc96754282_67860948?hash=D8VoAKlF9jGPIC1kyLWVI4gJrQkz7jW8aW2YzQs0vpT&dl=Qn1l7Zjii1qpPaiitnK1DlYgRoviqGgwtn7SQct8eNL|title=История войны и владычества русских на Кавказе|trans-title=The history of the war and domination of Russians in the Caucasus|language=ru|volume=1: bk. 1: Кавказ|location=СПб.|publisher=Тип. Департамента Уделов|pages=I–XVI, 1–640}}
* {{Cite book|last=Kurkiev|first=A. S.|year=1979 |url=https://dzurdzuki.com/download/kurkiev-a-s-osnovnye-voprosy-leksikologii-ingushskogo-yazyka-1979g/ |title=Основные вопросы лексикологии ингушского языка |trans-title=The main questions of the lexicology of the Ingush language |language=ru|location=[[Grozny]] |publisher=Chech.-Ing. kn. izd-vo|pages=1–254}}
* {{Cite book|author=Общенациональная Комиссия по рассмотрению вопросов, связанных с определением территории и границ Ингушетии|year=2021|editor=Всемирный конгресс ингушского народа|url=https://dzurdzuki.com/download/doklad-o-granitsah-i-territorii-ingushetii-osnovnye-polozheniya-2021/|title=Доклад о границах и территории Ингушетии (общие положения)|trans-title=Report on the borders and territory of Ingushetia (general provisions)|type=archival documents, maps, illustrations|language=ru|location=Назрань|pages=1–175|ref={{harvid|Доклад о границах и территории Ингушетии|2021}}}}
* {{Cite book|author=Терскій Областной Статистическій Комитет|year=1885|editor-last=Благовѣщенскій|editor-first=Н. А.|url=https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/000200_000018_v19_rc_1519880?page=1&rotate=0&theme=white|title=Списокъ населенныхъ мѣстъ Терской области: По свѣдѣніям къ 1-му января 1883 года|trans-title=List of populated areas of the Terek region: According to information on January 1st of 1883|language=ru|location=Владикавказъ|publisher=Типографія Терскаго Областнаго Правленія|pages=1–78|ref={{harvid|Списокъ населенныхъ мѣстъ Терской области: По свѣдѣніям къ 1-му января 1883 года|1885}}}}
* {{Cite book|last=Suleymanov|first=A. S.|year=1978|editor-last=Shaykhiev|editor-first=A. Kh.|url=https://dzurdzuki.com/download/sulejmanov-a-s-toponimiya-checheno-ingushetii-chast-2-gornaya-ingushetiya-yugo-zapad-i-chechnya-tsentr-i-yugo-vostok-1978/|title=Топонимия Чечено-Ингушетии. Часть 2. Горная Ингушетия (юго-запад) и Чечня (центр и юго-восток)|trans-title=Toponymy of Checheno-Ingushetia. Part 2. Mountainous Ingushetia (southwest) and Chechnya (center and southeast)|language=ru|location=[[Grozny]]|publisher=Chech.-Ing. kn. izd-vo|pages=1–233}}
* {{Cite book|last=Chakhkiev|first=J. Yu.|year=2003|editor-last=Aliroev|editor-first=I. A.|url=https://dzurdzuki.com/download/chahkiev-d-yu-drevnosti-gornoj-ingushetii-i-ii-tom/|title=Древности горной Ингушетии|trans-title=Antiquities of mountainous Ingushetia|volume=1|language=ru|location=[[Nazran]]|publisher=Kavkazskaya zdravnitsa|pages=1–144}}
* {{Cite periodical|last=Юров|first=А.|year=1883|editor-last=Чернявский|editor-first=И. С.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JiuvbmO6MQsC&pg=P157|title=II: 1844-й год на Кавказе|trans-title=2: Year 1844 in the Caucasus|periodical=Кавказский сборник|language=ru|volume=7|location=Тф.|publisher=Тип. Окружного Штаба|pages=157–382}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://docs.cntd.ru/document/895201294|title=Закон Республики Ингушетия от 23 февраля 2009 года № 5-рз "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Республики Ингушетия и наделении их статусом сельского, городского поселения, муниципального района и городского округа"|trans-title=Law of the Republic of Ingushetia dated February 23, 2009 No. 5–section "On establishing the boundaries of municipalities of the Republic of Ingushetia and granting them the status of rural, urban settlements, municipal districts and urban districts"|website=docs.cntd.ru|language=ru|year=2009|access-date=2015-03-17|archive-date=2018-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128233300/http://docs.cntd.ru/document/895201294|url-status=live|ref={{harvid|''Zakon Respubliki Ingushetia ot 23 fevralya 2009 goda''}}}}
{{refend}}
[[Category:Rural localities in Ingushetia]]