View source for Tulišen

{{family name hatnote|Tulišen|Ayan Gioro|lang=Manchu}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name             = Tulišen
| image            =
| office           = [[Grand coordinator and provincial governor|Governor]] of [[Shaanxi]]
| term_start       = 1725
| term_end         = 1726
| predecessor      = Shi Wenzhuo
| successor        = Famin
|birth_date= 1667
|birth_place=
|death_date= {{death year and age|1741|1667}}
|death_place=
| occupation = official, diplomat
}}
'''Tulišen''' (also spelled '''Tulishen''' or '''Tulixen''', [[Manchu language|Manchu]]: [[File:Tulišen.png|15px]], {{zh|t=圖理珅|p=Túlǐshēn}}; sometimes {{lang|zh-hant|圖麗琛}}; 1667–1741) was a [[Manchu people|Manchu]] official and diplomat during the early [[Qing dynasty]].
Tulišen was a member of the Manchu [[Plain Yellow Banner]] in the [[Eight Banners]] and belonged to the [[Ayan Gioro]] clan ([[:zh:阿颜觉罗氏|阿顔覺羅氏]]). In 1712, after having served in several minor positions in the Qing government, the [[Kangxi Emperor]] appointed him to the Qing embassy to [[Ayuka Khan]] (r. 1673-1724) of the [[Torghut]]s, who had migrated to the lower [[Volga River]], where they had formed the [[Kalmyk people#The Kalmyk Khanate|Kalmyk Khanate]] under [[Peter I of Russia|Peter I]] of the [[Russian Empire]]. The whole journey through Russia's [[Siberia]]n territories took three years and Tulišen later recorded the journey in a famous [[Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars, in the years 1712, 13, 14, and 15|travelogue]] (''Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars''), which was published in 1723. This fascinated many readers in Europe, and later appeared in English, German, Russian and French translations.
In 1720 he dealt with the Izmailov mission to [[Beijing|Peking]]. In 1727, Tulišen served as head of the Qing delegation when the [[Treaty of Kyakhta]] was negotiated with the Russian representative [[Savva Vladislavovich|Savva Lukich Vladislavovich-Raguzinsky]]. However, upon his return to the capital [[Beijing]], he was accused of misconduct during the treaty negotiations as well as having betrayed military secrets earlier in his career. He was tried and sentenced to death in 1728, but the [[Yongzheng Emperor]] eventually pardoned him. Following the enthronement of the [[Qianlong Emperor]] in 1735, Tulišen was given a number of important positions in the government, but was later forced to retire because of failing health.
==Further reading==
* [[Peter C. Perdue|Perdue, Peter C]]. ''China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia.'' Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press, 2005.
* {{cite ECCP |title=Tulišen |last=Fang |first=Chao-ying}}
* Tulišen. [https://archive.org/details/narrativechines00tuligoog <!-- quote=Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars, in the years 1712, 13, 14, & 15. --> ''Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars, in the Years 1712, 13, 14, & 15.''] Translated by Sir [[George Thomas Staunton]]. London: J. Murray, 1821.
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Qing dynasty diplomats]]
[[Category:Manchu politicians]]
[[Category:Manchu Plain Yellow Bannermen]]
[[Category:1667 births]]
[[Category:1741 deaths]]
[[Category:Political office-holders in Guangdong]]
[[Category:Political office-holders in Shaanxi]]
[[Category:Explorers of Siberia]]
[[Category:Viceroys of Shaan-Gan]]